非謂語動詞Done.doc

過去分詞過去分詞只有一種形式：規(guī)則動詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則, 要求要一一記住。 (1) 過去分詞作定語： Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。 Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 當(dāng)選為委員的人將出席這次會。 注意當(dāng)過去分詞是單詞時，一般用于名詞前，如果是過去分詞短語，就放在名詞的后面。過去分詞做定語相當(dāng)于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句。 (2) 過去分詞作表語： The window is broken. 窗戶破了。 They were frightened at the sad sight. 他們對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。 注意：be + 過去分詞，如果表示狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，如果表示被動的動作是被動語態(tài)。區(qū)別： The window is broken.（系表） The window was broken by the boy.（被動） 有些過去分詞是不及物動詞構(gòu)成的，不表示被動，只表示完成。如： boiled water（開水） fallen leaves（落葉） newly arrived goods（新到的貨） the risen sun（升起的太陽） the changed world（變了的世界） 這類過去分詞有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。 (3) 過去分詞作賓語補足語： I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。 有時過去分詞做with短語中的賓語補足語： With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他們出去玩去了。 (4) 過去分詞作狀語： Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents. 受到鄰居們的表揚，他成為父母的驕傲。（表示原因） Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看見，人們就忘不了。（表示時間） Given more time, Ill be able to do it better. 如果給予更多的時間，我能做得更好。（表示條件） Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 雖然被告之有危險，他仍然冒生命危險去救那個孩子。（表示讓步） Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充滿了希望與恐懼，他走進山洞。 非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的關(guān)系相同點（1）如果是及物動詞都可與賓語連用，例如： They built a garden. They suggested building a garden. （2）都可以被狀語修飾： The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. （3）都有主動與被動, “體”式（一般式；進行式；完成式）的變化。例如： He was punished by his parents.（謂語動詞被動語態(tài)） He avoided being punished by his parents.（動名詞的被動式） We have written the composition.（謂語動詞的完成時） Having written the composition, we handed it in.（現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式） （4）都可以有邏輯主語 They started the work at once.（謂語動詞的邏輯主語） The boss ordered them to start the work.（動詞不定式的邏輯主語） We are League members.（謂語動詞的主語） We being League member, the work was well done. （現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語） (5) 否定式一般用not, 并且放在非謂語動詞和謂語動詞之前 不同點（1）非謂語動詞可以有名詞作用（如動詞不定式和動名詞），在句中做主語、賓語、表語。 （2）非謂語動詞可以有形容詞作用（如動詞不定式和分詞），在句中做定語、表語或賓語補足語。 （3）非謂語動詞可以有副詞作用（如動詞不定式和分詞），在句中作狀語。 （4）謂語動詞在句中作謂語，受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制；非謂語動詞在句中不能單獨作謂語，它不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。 (5) 非謂語在英語中不能單獨做句子的謂語。專項練習(xí)1. some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by2. Most of the people to the party were famous scientists.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 3. The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied4. from space, the earth, with water seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered5. An crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitedly6The building _ by him is under construction Ato be designed Bdesigned Cbeing designed Dto have designed 7The man _ us at the airport yesterday is going to speak to us tonight Ameeting Bto meet Cwho met Dto be meeting 8Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa Ainvited Bto invite Cbeing invited Dhad been invited 9The accident _ yesterday was caused by carelessness Ahappened Bhaving happened Cwhich happened Dhappening 10 _ from the tallest building，the whole city looks very beautiful ASeeing BSee CSaw DSeen 11. I wont have _ such words to your parents.A. say B. to say C. saying D. said12. My hair is too long, so Id like to have it _.A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut13. When I returned home , I was surprised to find all the windows of my house _.A. open B. to have opened C, opening D. opened14. When Mathilde was on her way home,