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湖北省孝感市2016高考英語語法填空和閱讀理解暑假練習(1)【閱讀理解】 for those who study the development of intelligence (智力) in the animal world,selfawareness is an important measurement. an animal that is aware (意識) of itself has a high level of intelligence. awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image (反射出的影像). many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image. only humans,and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins,have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.now another animal has joined the club. in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences, researchers report that an asian elephant has passed the mirror selfreflection test. “we thought that elephants were the next important animal,”said diana reiss of the wildlife conservation society, an author of the study with joshua m. plotnik and fansb. m. de waal of emory university. with their large brains,reiss said, elephants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins.”the researchers tested happy. maxine and patty, three elephants at the bronx zoo. they put an 8footsquare mirror on a wall of the animals play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror. the elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it,and to examine parts of their bodies.of the three, happy then passed the test,in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. she could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.diana reiss said,“we knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.”文章通過實驗說明能意識到自身形象的動物具有高智商。1. what can mirror tests tell us about animals?a. whether they have large brains. b. whether they have selfawareness.c. whether they enjoy outdoor exercises. d. whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.答案:b。細節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段第一句話“awareness can be tested by.”可知b項正確。2. why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?a. they are most familiar to readers.b. they are big favorites with zoo visitors.c. they are included in the study by reiss.d. they are already known to be intelligent.答案:d。推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句可知人們已經(jīng)知道apes和dolphins是聰明的。3. what made happy different from maxine and patty?a. she used her nose to search behind the mirror.b. she recognized her own image in the mirror.c. she painted a mark on her own face.d. she found the hidden camera.答案:b。推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段可推出happy能辨別出自己在鏡子中的形象。閱讀理解概述(1) 考綱解讀閱讀理解作為考查考生語言能力的重點, 要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡短文字材料。考生應(yīng)能:理解主旨要義;理解文中的具體信息;作出簡單判斷和推理;理解文章的基本邏輯結(jié)構(gòu);理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。其具體要求為:(1)能夠讀懂生詞率不超過3%的短文;(2)把握短文的主要線索;(3)能夠?qū)Χ涛膬?nèi)容作出簡單以及抽象的判斷;(4)理解短文的基本結(jié)構(gòu),了解重點段落、重點詞句的含義,推測作者意圖,把握文章脈絡(luò);(5)熟悉掌握實用性的文章,如:書刊、影視、產(chǎn)品等方面的廣告、說明、通知、社評、旅游等。命題分析2011年廣東高考的閱讀理解題呈現(xiàn)出以下特點: (1)體裁多樣,選材新穎,話題廣泛。體裁的多樣化是最顯著的特點,涉及記敘文、說明文、和議論文。 (2)語言地道,題型合理。材料都是選取原汁原味的英語文章,所選的材料均來源于實際生活,涉及的內(nèi)容也是實際生活內(nèi)容,強調(diào)語篇選材的真實性。在題型設(shè)計上,包括細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題和詞義猜測題等幾大題型。應(yīng)試點睛一、掌握策略,戰(zhàn)無不勝閱讀理解無論從難度還是從分數(shù)所占比重都應(yīng)該受到學生的重視,但很多同學在做閱讀理解時總是感覺時間不夠用,其實只要靈活處理好以下幾個方面的關(guān)系,這個問題便可迎刃而解。1正確處理好“快”與“準”關(guān)系在準確把握文章整體、細節(jié)以及嚴密推理的基礎(chǔ)上,盡量提高閱讀速度,而不是單純地追求閱讀速度。這樣對文章的理解就會非常清晰,哪些題目是自己有把握的,哪些是拿不準的心里也就有了底。然后對自己拿不準的題目再仔細推敲,力爭有所突破。2正確處理好復雜句式、生詞和選擇答案的關(guān)系高考閱讀的長句、難句的數(shù)量逐年增多。結(jié)構(gòu)復雜、修飾語疊綴、信息容量大的句子在新課標的高考試卷中頻頻出現(xiàn),有時一個句子占幾行甚至一個自然段。這就造成了理解的困難,而且也增加了考生的心理壓力。為此,建議大家對這些攔路虎加以正確區(qū)分對待:與題目無關(guān),不影響理解文章大意的,就不必浪費時間和精力;相反,那些和題目相關(guān)的長難句,我們就要首先分析其類型(是帶有較多成分的簡單句,還是含有多個簡單句的并列句,還是含有多個從句的復合句,還是含有多個插入成分的句子),然后理清句子成分,去除干擾成分,抓住句子主干,這樣就能準確把握句子的意義。對待生詞也應(yīng)該采取同樣的方法,首先看看生詞是否與題目、文章的大意有關(guān),如果是題目要求所必需的,我們就要弄清楚生詞所處的語境,以及和下文的聯(lián)系,推測生詞的含義,否則就忽略它。3正確處理好所需信息與剩余信息的關(guān)系我們在做題時,沒有必要把每一句都弄得清清楚楚,只要重點理解與題目有關(guān)的信息就可以了。這就要求考生在答題時,最好先大體瀏覽一下文后的題目,確定主攻方向,然后帶著問題閱讀文章,特別要關(guān)注首尾段和首尾句,把握文章的主題和脈絡(luò),摘取有用的材料,舍棄無關(guān)的信息。然后針對測試題的要求,細心閱讀與問題有關(guān)的段落、句子或詞匯。4所選有據(jù),忠實原文,避免主觀做題時,我們必須以作者的思維模式為準繩,以原文提供的事實、細節(jié)和邏輯關(guān)系為自己思維活動的基準點,切忌把自己的觀點和看法當作原文或作者的觀點。同時,符合原文的答案是正確答案但不一定就是最佳答案,閱讀題要求選的是最佳答案,有的答案從某個枝節(jié)來看是對的,但從全文來看則不是最佳的,因此,必須通盤考慮,取主要,舍枝節(jié)。 二、明確步驟,戰(zhàn)無不勝第一步,閱讀題干,明確問題。在閱讀文章之前,可以通過題干對文章進行初步了解。這樣,在下一步閱讀時就可以針對問題直接找答案,減少了盲目性。第二步,快速掌握大意,不在細節(jié)上糾纏。在第一步的基礎(chǔ)上迅速閱讀并對文章有大致的了解。這是選出正確答案的前提。第三步,閱讀問題題干及其選項,在文中尋找相關(guān)的材料并預選答案。可在文中相應(yīng)處做出標記,以便進一步了解并最終確定答案。第四步,帶著問題略讀原文,確定答案。答完所有題目后,再快速閱讀一遍文章,檢查各題所選答案是否正確。查看各題答案是否前后照應(yīng),與原文有無矛盾,文中是否有疏漏的重要線索。三、知己知彼,減少失誤有時候四個選項中總有一個極易誤選,很多同學感觸頗深,因此,了解閱讀理解題中干擾項的特點,可以大大減少我們不必要的失誤。概括起來,干擾項可分為以下三種類型:1與原文矛盾。即選項與文章內(nèi)容相矛盾。這種選項的干擾性較小,只要仔細閱讀就可排除。2無中生有。即選項與文章內(nèi)容不矛盾,但在文中沒有相關(guān)信息支持,沒有根據(jù)。這類選項的干擾較大。在做此類題時,切忌把自己或他人觀點作為選擇依據(jù)。3答非所問。選題與題目關(guān)系不大,選項沒有針對題目來闡述。這類題目干擾性也較大。同學們在做此類題時,不僅要判斷選項內(nèi)容的正確性,還應(yīng)注意選項是否針對題目?!娟兾魇?014五校聯(lián)考】a閱讀下列四篇短文, 從每小題后所給的a、b、c、d四個選項中, 選出最佳選項, 并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。 the crowd at the airport flowed forward. the passengers had been waiting for a couple of hours for an airline employee to open the door leading to the plane outside. no one was in a good mood. an old man got trapped in the middle of the rush. he fell down without being able to break his fall. his head hit the concrete floor. blood poured from his forehead. he appeared to be unconscious. everyone rushed past him, except dana. she called for help. a minute later, a young airline employee showed up. hardly looking at the old man, she told dana to get aboard her plane. she said the old man would be okay, and walked away. dana screamed for help. an airport supervisor appeared. he told dana to get on the plane. dana said that she was not moving until an ambulance arrived. the supervisor said her plane would leave without her. dana said that she didnt care. an ambulance and twoattendantsfinally arrived. the attendants said that the man would be okay, but he would needstitches(縫線). they put him into the ambulance and drove off. on her way out to the plane, which was still refueling, dana saw the employee who had ignored the old man at first. the employee said, youre lucky. the plane didnt leave without you. the plane? dana asked. who cares about the plane? how could you be so cold? that was an old man; he could have been your grandfather! how would you like it if everyone just stepped over your grandfather and went on their way?46.what does the story mainly tell us about dana?a. she works as a young airline employee. b. she was waiting for a plane with her grandfather. c. she was the only person who helped the old man.d. she knows how to do first aid to an old man.47.from the story, we know that _.a. dana finally took the plane on time with the help of a young airline employeeb. the old man knew it was dana who helped him from beginning to end c. people at the airport were too cold to care about others at that timed. an airport supervisor ordered the plane not to leave without dana48. the character of dana may best be described as _.a. pessimistic b. optimistic c. punctual d. sympathetic 【參考答案】46-48 ccd 語法填空。閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。【遼寧卷題型】a: are you looking forward_1_your trip to canada, susan? b: i cant wait_2_(see)canada, jason, but im scared stiff of the journey. my husband insists_3_flying, but i want to sail. planes make me nervous.a: theres nothing to be frightened of. how many planes fly across the atlantic every day?b: ive no idea. hundreds, i suppose.a: and_4_do you hear of a crash? once or twice a year?b: yes, but aeroplanes fly so high and fast_5_once is enough.a: there are_6_(many)road accidents per day than air deaths per year. air transport is really safe_7_(compare)with road transport.b: i still prefer to go_8_. ships may not travel fast_9_at least you can relax. id love a trip on a luxury liner like the queen elizabeth .a: its fine if youre a good sailor, but have you ever traveled far in a rough sea?b: no. ive only been in a boat once. i sailed down the river thames on a sightseeing tour, but in any case id rather_10_(am)seasick than dead.1_2._3._4._5._6_7._8._9._10._答案:1.to2.to see3.on4.how often5.that6.more 7compared8.by sea9.but10.be 語法填空。閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。【全國新課標卷題型】the woman often called the first lady of new york died on august. brooke astor was one hundred five years old. the extremely wealthy and famous new yorker spent much of her life_1_(help)the needy in her beloved city.she was born in portsmouth, new hampshire. she was the only child of a high level military officer. after two earlier_2_(marry) ,she married vincent astor in

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