最高考高考英語語法精講精練 專題九 名詞性從句?？键c(diǎn).doc

專題九名詞性從句?？键c(diǎn)在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫作名詞性從句。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和表語從句。名詞性從句是英語中的一個(gè)重要語法項(xiàng)目，在歷年的高考中幾乎都涉及到。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞that，whether，if(不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分)；連接代詞what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which；連接副詞when，where，how，why。 it is.和there is. it is.句型中it為形式主語，真正的主語為動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句，而there is意為“有”，有時(shí)be也可以用exist，remain等替代。用it，there填空：_ is a pity that he was absent._ is a fact that he has lied to you._ is no wonder that he is so excited._ is no need to worry about it._ is no sense/point (in) arguing with him._ is no doubt that he has gone.【答案】ititittheretherethere從句作主語時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞形式 主語從句作主語相當(dāng)于第三人稱單數(shù)作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果由and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：that the president is coming _(excite) all of us.how close parents are to their children _(have) a strong influence on their character.when and where the meeting will be held _(not decide) yet.【答案】exciteshasisnt decided/hasnt been decided賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序 賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)要注意呼應(yīng)。當(dāng)主句中的謂語是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同的時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)主句中的謂語是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)(如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等)；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理、科學(xué)真理、自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。賓語從句語序要用陳述語序(what is/was the matter除外)。the photographs will show you _a. what does our village look likeb. what our village looks likec. how does our village look liked. how our village looks likesomeone is ringing the doorbell. go and see _a. who is heb. who he isc. who is itd. who it ishello，i didnt know you _(be) in london. how long have you been here?i thought he _(be) coming tomorrow.the teacher told us that light _(travel) at a very high speed.【答案】bdwerewastravels表語從句中的常見句型 常用的句型有：the reason is that.；it is because.；thats why.；thats where.。完成下列句子：the reason _ he is absent from school is _ he is ill.he is ill. thats _ he is absent from school.he is absent from school. thats _ he is ill.the reason _ he gave was _ he was caught in the traffic jam.thats _ i disagree/the problem lies/i have doubt/you are mistaken.thats _ i disagree about/the problem lies in/i have doubt about/you are mistaken about.【答案】why；that；why；becausewhich；that/不填 where；what同位語從句和定語從句的辨別 同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。連接詞 that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，應(yīng)在某些抽象名詞之后，如：fact，hope，story，thought，suggestion，idea，news，possibility，feeling，doubt，truth，wish，word(消息)，request，information，order，message等，對(duì)前面的名詞起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。定語從句中的that是關(guān)系代詞，既起引導(dǎo)從句的作用，同時(shí)又在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語，而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。完成下列句子：the news _ he told us excited us.the news _ our team won the game excited us.the fact _ he collected was surprising.the fact _ he said nothing was surprising.there is a chance/possibility _ he will lose the game._ are that he will lose the game.information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.【答案】that/which/不填；thatthat/which/不填；thatthat；chancesthatwhat和that的用法 what可引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句，并且替代名詞性從句中所缺的主語、賓語或表語(尤其注意what引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞賓語)，相當(dāng)于“名詞或代詞that/which”；另外，what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。that在名詞性從句中只引導(dǎo)從句，不充當(dāng)成分。如：that he said nothing at the meeting surprised us.注介詞后不接that從句，除了in that.和except that.。that引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)以上的賓語從句，第一個(gè)that可省略，其后的that都不可省略。that引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時(shí)，that不可省略。完成下列句子：the school is no longer _ it used to be.the school is no longer the one_ it used to be.finally he told us everything _ he had seen.finally he told us _ he had seen.they arrived in _ was once a school.they arrive in the place _ was once a school.dont care _ others think about you.do you know _ they do with waste paper?【答案】what；thatthat；whatwhat；that/whichwhatwhatwhether和if的區(qū)別以及whether和that的區(qū)別 1. if和whether都可譯為“是否”，兩者引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)通?？梢曰ハ嗵鎿Q。而以下幾種情況中，只能用whether，不能用if：強(qiáng)調(diào)兩方面的選擇，特別是句中有or not時(shí)。如：let me know whether you can come or not.賓語從句前置時(shí)。如：whether this is true，i cant say.引導(dǎo)主語、表語、同位語從句時(shí)。如：whether the football game will be played depends on the weather. (主語從句)the question is whether he can do it. (表語從句)the question whether we should go with them must be decided at once. (同位語從句)在介詞之后作賓語時(shí)。如：i havent settled the question of whether ill go back home.whether we will go there depends on whether it is going to rain.在不定式前與不定式一起組成短語時(shí)。如：whether to go or stay is still a question.注if可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，有“假如；如果”之意，而whether可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，有“不管；無論” 之意。如：if you ask him，he will help you.whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time.2. whether和that的區(qū)別：that表示事實(shí)，而whether 表示疑問。完成下列句子：_ they are twins is clear._ they are twins is not clear.there is a question/an argument _ we have enough time to do it.the problem is _ he is poor at english. the problem is _ he can improve his english. 【答案】that；whetherwhetherthat；how/whether“疑問詞ever”和“no matter疑問詞”的區(qū)別 “疑問詞ever”既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在主句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，又可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；但是“no matter疑問詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。完成下列句子：_ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights._ leaves the room last，he ought to turn off the lights.he wouldnt listen to _ i said._ i said，he wouldnt listen to me.sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interest._ comes，you mustnt open the door. as many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best. 【答案】whoever；whoever/no matter whowhatever；whatever/no matter whatwhoever；whoever/no matter whowhicheverwho和whoever的區(qū)別 who表示疑問；而whoever與anyone who同義。用who，whoever填空：_ has stolen the money hasnt been found out yet._ has stolen the money should be punished.i will spare a ticket for the newlymade film to _ desires to get it.【答案】whowhoeverwhoever“眾所周知”的幾種表達(dá) “眾所周知”可以用主語從句、表語從句和非限制性定語從句來表示。完成下列句子：_ is known to us all that china is a developing country._ is known to us all is that china is a developing country._ is known to us all，china is a developing country._ we all know，china is a developing country.【答案】itwhatasas1. (2014陜西卷) _ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.a. whyb. whenc. thatd. what2. (2014江蘇卷)what a mess! you are always so lazy!im not to blame, mum. i am _ you have made me. a. how b. whatc. that d. who3. (2014山東卷)it is difficult for us to imagine _ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. a. where b. whatc. which d. why4. (2014湖南卷)as john lennon once said，life is _ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.a. which b. thatc. what d. where5. (2014大綱卷)exactly _ the potato was introduced into europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.a. whether b. whyc. when d. how6. (2013浙江卷)the only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.a. how b. thatc. which d. whether7. (2013安徽卷)from space，the earth looks blue. this is _ about seventyone per cent of its surface is covered by water.a. why b. howc. because d. whether8. (2013陜西卷)it remains to be seen _ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.a. that b. whichc. what d. whether9. (2013天津卷)_ i want to tell you is the deep love and respect i have for my parents.a. that b. whichc. whether d. what10. (2012江蘇卷)the notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed.a. when b. thatc. whether d. how【答案】1. b2. b3. b4. c5. c6. b7. c8. d9. d10. b1. where and when we will build the new factory_ yet.a. is not decided b. are not decidedc. has not decided d. have not decided2. she is pleased with _ you have given her and all _ you have told.a. that；that b. what；whichc. what；that d. all；what3. please put the medicine on the top of the shelf. its _ our children cant reach it.a. what b. thatc. where d. how4. would you tell me _ you want your tea，with sugar or milk?sugar，please.a. whether b. whenc. what d. how5. the professor in the end decided to give the prize to_ has a command of english.a. who b. anyonec. whoever d. whomever6. as a new graduate，he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here.a. how b. whatc. when d. which7. the last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the water park.a. where b. howc. when d. why8. we should also care about the children from the earthquakestricken area after _ seemed to have returned to normal.a. it b. whatc. that d. which9. i was surprised by her words，which made me recognize _ silly mistakes i had made.a. whatb. thatc. howd. which10. the traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.a. that b. whyc. when d. whether11. its thirty years since we last met.but i still remember the story，believe it or not，_ we got lost on a rainy night.a. which b. thatc. what d. when12. with his work completed，the businessman stepped back to his seat，feeling pleased _ he was a man of action.a. whether b. thatc. what d. which13. there is a sign _ the chinese food is becoming more and more popular.a. when b. thatc. if d. which14. _ is reported in the newspapers，talks between the two countries are making progress.a. it b. asc. that d. what15. while youve made some mistakes，i believe _ youve done your best and _ things will improve.a. that；/ b. /；thatc. that；which d. if；that16. the question came at the conference _ we should do with the sluggish market.a. which b. wherec. how d. what17. its none of your business _ other people think about you. believe yourself.a. how b. whatc. which d. when18. it seems that we value _ we are trying to get more than _ we possess right now.a. what；what b. what；thatc. that；that d. that；what19. during the summer holidays，we paid a visit to _ was once our primary school _ the workers use as a store.a. what；that b. where；whichc. where；that d. which；where20. our city is no longer _ it was ten years ago，_ it was quite dirty and noisy.a. what；which b. that；whichc. what；when d. that；where21. it suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.a. whether b. wherec. which d. that22. it is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. a. that b. whatc. how d. whether23. i made a promise to myself _ this year, my first year in high school, would be different. a. whether b. what