外文翻譯--車床夾具設(shè)計(jì)分析

附錄 A Lathe fixture design and analysis Ma Feiyue (School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei, Anhui Hefei 230022, China) Abstract: From the start the main types of lathe fixture, fixture on the flower disc and angle iron clamp lathe was introduced, and on the basis of analysis of a lathe fixture design points. Keywords: lathe fixture； design； points Lathe for machining parts on the rotating surface, such as the outer cylinder, inner cylinder and so on. Parts in the processing, the fixture can be installed in the lathe with rotary machine with main primary uranium movement. However, in order to expand the use of lathe, the work piece can also be installed in the lathe of the pallet, tool mounted on the spindle. THE MAIN TYPES OF LATHE FIXTURE Installed on the lathe spindle on the lathe fixture Installed in the fixture on the lathe spindle in addition to three-jaw chuck, four jaw chuck, faceplate, front and rear dial with heart-shaped thimble and a combination of general-purpose lathe fixture folder outside (as these fixtures have been standardized and machine tool accessories, can be purchased when needed do not have to re-design), usually need to design special lathe fixture. Common special lathe folder with the following types. Fixture took disc lathe This process is to find the generic is installed on the faceplate is difficult to ensure the accuracy of the workpiece, so the need to design special lathe fixture. The lathe fixture design process, first select the cylindrical workpiece 5.5 6h and the end cylinder B, the 22.5 semi-circular surface finishing (finishing second circular surface when the car has been good with 0.023023 circular surface) is positioned datum, limit of six degrees of freedom, in line with the principle of base overlap.The work piece fixture to ensure the accuracy of measures: The workpiece fixture to ensure the accuracy of measures: (1) 0.023023 tool by the workpiece machining position relative to the guarantee. (2) symmetry of 18 0.02 size 0.02. Rely on sets of holes and positioning the workpiece with the precision of 5.5 6h and 0.0100.00220.5 locate the position of dimensional accuracy and process specification requirements to ensure that the same parts of the four circular surface must be processed on the same pins. (3) all fixtures and clip bushing hole axis vertical concrete face A tolerance of 0.005mm .because the A side is the fixture with the lathe when the transition assembly base plate installed. (4) specific folder on the 20 7H -hole plate with the transition to the benchmarks 20 pin design requires processing each batch of parts to be sold in the transitional disk with a coat made of a tight match, and the local processing of the face plate to reduce the transition fixture on the set of small errors. The angle iron fixture If the processing technology for the 0.0102.5 and 0.0110.00510 , drilling, boring, reaming process scheme. Boring is required in the face A face of finishing B ( 12 range) and the A, B sides and the hole 10 axis face runout does not exceed 0.02mm . In addition, the processing of 2.5 -hole, you should also ensure that its axis with the axis of the 0.0110.00510 degree of tolerance for the uranium 0.01mm ； 10 size 15.5 0.1 and the location of 8 0.1mm ； 2.5 and 10 and 17.5 of the axis of the axis of displacement tolerance not more than 0.02mm . Based on the above analysis on the part of process size, choose the 17.5 -hole on the workpiece surface and M, N two planes to locate the benchmark. Installed on the lathe pallet fixture Limited equipment in the factory, similar to the shape of the parts box, its small size, designed for easy installation without turning the main pumping in the fixture, you can drag the panel removal tool holder, fixture and workpiece mounted on the pallet. Processing, mounted on the lathe tool on the main primary uranium movement, feed the work piece for movement, so you can expand the scope of application of lathe. LATHE FIXTURE DESIGN POINTS The design features of the positioning device Lathe fixture positioning device in the design, in addition to considering the limited degrees of freedom, the most important thing is to make the surface of the workpiece axis coincides with the axis of spindle rotation. This is described in the previous two sets of lathe fixture when special emphasis. In addition, the positioning device components in the specific folder location on the workpiece surface accuracy and dimensional accuracy of the location has a direct relationship, so the total figure on the fixture, be sure to mark the location positioning device dimensions and tolerances, and acceptance as a fixture conditions. Jig weight design requirements Processing in the lathe, the workpiece rotation together with the fixture will be a great centrifugal force and the centrifugal force increases sharply with increasing speed. This precision machining, processing, and the vibration would affect the surface quality of parts. Therefore, the lathe fixture between devices should pay attention to the layout of equipment necessary to balance the design weights. Dlamping device design requirements Lathe fixture in the course of their work should be the role of centrifugal force and cutting force, the size of its force and direction of the workpiece position relative to the base is changing. Therefore, a sufficient clamping device clamping force and a good self-locking. To ensure safe and reliable clamping. However, the clamping force can not be too large, and require a reasonable layout of the force, and will not undermine the accuracy of the location positioning device. Llathe fixture connection with the machine tool spindle design Lathe fixture connected with the spindle directly affects the accuracy of the rotary fixture accuracy, resulting in errors in the workpiece. Therefore, the required fixture rotation axis lathe spindle axis with high concentricity. Lathe fixture connected with the spindle structure, depending on the spindle when turning the front of the structure model is confirmed, by machine instructions or the manual check on. Lathe spindle nose are generally outside the car with cone and cone, or a journal and other structures with the flange end connections to the fixture base. Note, however, check the manual should be used with caution, because many manufacturers of machine tools, machine tools of similar size may differ. The most reliable method for determining, or to field measurements in order to avoid errors or losses. Determine the fixture and the spindle connecting structure, generally based on fixture size of the size of the radial: radial dimension less than 140mm , or (2 3)Dd small lathe fixture. Pairs of fixture requirements of the overall structure Lathe fixture generally work in the state of the cantilever in order to ensure process stability, compact fixture structure should be simple, lightweight and safe, overhang length to as small as possible, the center of gravity close to the front spindle bearing. Fixture overhang length L and the ratio of outer diameter D profile can refer to the following values used: Less than the diameter D in 150mm fixture, 1.25LD ； Diameter D between the fixture in 150 300mm: , 0.9LD ； Fixture diameter D is greater than 300mm , 0.6LD . To ensure security, installed in the specific folder on the components of the folder is not allowed out beyond the specific diameter, should also consider cutting the wound and coolant splash and other issues affecting safe operation. References 1 Chen Guofu. Lathe fixture J. Mechanical workers. Cold, 2000 (12) 2 Dong Yuming. Yang Hongyu. Fixture design in the common problems J. Mechanical workers. Cold, 2005 (1) 3 Liu Juncheng The machine clamps the clamping force in the design process calculations J. tool technology, 2007 (6) 附錄 B 車床夾具設(shè)計(jì)分析 馬 飛躍 （合肥學(xué)院機(jī)械工程系，安徽 合肥 230022） 摘 要：從車床夾具的主要類型著手，對(duì)花盤式車床夾具和角鐵式夾具進(jìn)行了介紹，并在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了車床夾具設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn)。 關(guān)鍵詞：車床夾具；設(shè)計(jì)；要點(diǎn) 車床主要用于加工零件上的回轉(zhuǎn)表面，如外圓柱面、內(nèi)圓柱面等。零件在加工時(shí)，可安裝在車床夾具上同機(jī)床主鈾一起回轉(zhuǎn)作主運(yùn)動(dòng)。但為擴(kuò)大車床的使用范圍，也可將工件安裝在車床的拖板上，刀具裝在主軸上。 1 車床夾具的主要類型 1.1 安裝在車床主軸上的車床夾具 安裝在車床主軸上的夾具除三爪卡盤、四爪卡盤、 花盤、前后頂針以及撥盤與雞心夾的組合通用車床夾具外（這些夾具現(xiàn)已標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化并作為機(jī)床附件，需用時(shí)可購買不必重新設(shè)計(jì) )，通常還需設(shè)計(jì)專用車床夾具。常見的專用車床夾具有以下幾種類型 1.1.1 花盤式車床夾具 這道工序若要在通用花盤上找正安裝是難以保證工件精度要求的，所以需要設(shè)計(jì)專用車床夾具。設(shè)計(jì)該工序的車床夾具，首先選定工件 5.5 6h 外圓柱面與端面 B、半精車的 22.5 圓弧面（精車第二個(gè)圓弧面時(shí)則用已經(jīng)車好的 0.023023 圓弧面）為定位基準(zhǔn)面、限制了 6個(gè)自由度，符合基準(zhǔn)重合原則。 該夾具保證工件加工精度的措施有： （ 1） 0.023023 靠工件相對(duì)于刀具的加工位置保證。 （ 2）尺寸 18 0.02 對(duì)稱度 0.02。依靠定位套孔與工件 5.5 6h 的配合精度與 定位的位置尺寸精度 0.0100.00220.5 來保證且工藝規(guī)程要求同一工件的 4 個(gè)圓弧面必須在同一定位銷上進(jìn)行加工。 （ 3）夾具的所有襯套孔的軸線與夾具體的端面 A 垂直度公差為 0.005mm 因?yàn)?A面是夾具與車床過渡盤安裝時(shí)的裝配基準(zhǔn)。 （ 4）夾具體上 20 7H 孔為與過渡盤上 20 銷的對(duì)定基準(zhǔn)，設(shè)計(jì)要求每批零件加工時(shí)都要在過渡盤上裝銷配作成較緊的配合 ,且就地加工過渡盤端面以減小夾具的對(duì)定誤差。 1.1.2 角鐵式夾具 若加工 0.0102.5 和 0.0110.00510 的 工藝為鉆、鏜、鉸的工藝方案。在鏜孔時(shí)需精車端面 A 端面 B （ 12 范圍內(nèi)） 且 A、 B 兩面與孔 10 軸線的端面跳動(dòng)量不超過 0.02mm 。此外，加工 2.5 孔時(shí)，還應(yīng)保證其軸線與 0.0110.00510 軸線的同鈾度允差為 0.01mm ； 10 的位置尺寸為 15.5 0.1 和 8 0.1mm ； 2.5 和 10 的軸線與17.5 的軸線位移度公差不得大于 0.02mm 。 根據(jù)以上對(duì)零件工序尺寸的分析，選工件上的 17.5 孔表面和 M、 N 兩個(gè)平面為定位基準(zhǔn)。 1.1.3 安裝在車床拖板上的夾具 在工廠設(shè)備有限時(shí)，類似箱體形狀的零件，其尺寸較小，不便于設(shè)計(jì)成安裝在車床主抽上的夾具，可以將拖板上的刀架拆除，夾具和工件安裝在拖板上 。加工時(shí)，裝在車床主鈾上的刀具作主運(yùn)動(dòng)，工件作進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)，這樣可以擴(kuò)大車床的應(yīng)用范圍。 2 車床夾具設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn) 2.1 定位裝置的設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn) 車床夾具在設(shè)計(jì)定位裝置時(shí)，除考慮應(yīng)限制的自由度外，最重要的是要使工件加工表面的軸線與機(jī)床主軸回轉(zhuǎn)軸線重合。這一點(diǎn)在前面介紹兩套車床夾具時(shí)已特別強(qiáng)調(diào)了。除此之外，定位裝置的元件在夾具體上的位置精