淺論中學(xué)英語教學(xué)中的思想品德教育.doc

淺論中學(xué)英語教學(xué)中的思想品德教育目前廣大英語教師都在想方設(shè)法如何培養(yǎng)好學(xué)生聽、說、讀、寫的能力。但在教學(xué)過程中如何運用好教材，把思想品德教育和語言教學(xué)有機地、緊密地結(jié)合起來，培養(yǎng)出思想健康、心靈純潔、品德高尚的優(yōu)秀人材，也是我們廣大中學(xué)英語教師在教學(xué)過程中值得認真探討的問題。 國家教委頒發(fā)的全日制中學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱明文規(guī)定了英語教學(xué)中要遵循的一條重要原則是：遵循語言規(guī)律，寓思想教育于語言教學(xué)之中。所以，筆者在這十幾年中學(xué)英語教學(xué)中，使學(xué)生學(xué)好英語的同時，就如何使學(xué)生思想上也應(yīng)受到良好的熏陶這方面，做過一些摸索，現(xiàn)歸納如下，以求拋磚引玉。 一. 充分發(fā)掘教材中的積極思想因素 現(xiàn)行統(tǒng)編教材是進行語言教學(xué)的主要內(nèi)容，也是進行思想教育的主要依據(jù)，其中不少課文含有豐富的思想教育內(nèi)容，在備課時，首先要掌握和熟悉各篇課文的思想內(nèi)容，然后將其滲透到語言教學(xué)中去。下面以高中第二冊為例，列出其中部分課文思想教育內(nèi)容的簡單分析表（劃線部分為該課中必須掌握的語言知識點） 課文 思想教育內(nèi)容要點L1 1. Otherwise he would still be working, because his heart and soul were still in the classroom with his students.2. I want you to show me with your heart that here we are all part of one big family.L3-4 1. The boy told him his story and also that of the girl upstairs, who was his sister, and of the terrible wrongs that had been done them by the two noblemen.2. He lay on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast, and his glaring eyes looking straight upward.3. our father told us it was a dreadful thing to bring a child into the world.4. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.L6-7 1. By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.2. He wanted to be a physicist and devoted himself to abstract research.3. With the pay that he received and saved, he was later able to go on with his education4. Einstein cared little for money, though he could have been very rich.L8 1. The right men were coming from London, but their car was stopped by two men.2. When I saw the men, I didnt trust them. They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to leave.L9 1. Sports and games build our bodies, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy.2. If each of them learns to go all out for his team and not for himself on the sports, he will later find it natural to work for the good of the society, for the good of his country.L10-11 1. I had hoped to be able to take my seat in all this noise without being seen.2. But what surprised me most was to see most of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.3. How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods and fields, the days when I had played and should have studied.4. On the roof of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing and I said to myself, Will they, too, be obliged to sing in German?5. He returned to the blackboard, took a piece of chalk, and wrote in large letters,VIVE LA FRANCE! 二. 寓思想教育于語言教學(xué)之中時應(yīng)遵循的原則思想教育是活的教育，切忌空洞說教、貼政治標(biāo)簽、以思想教育代替語言教學(xué)，而要通過具體、形象、多樣和生動活潑的形式進行以涓涓細流來滋潤學(xué)生的心靈。具體來說，筆者認為應(yīng)遵循以下原則： 1 高遠立意 其實，除筆者在文中所列高中第二冊有關(guān)課文的思想教育內(nèi)容外，有些課文遠遠不止這些教育內(nèi)容，只要認真考慮，還能挖掘出更有說服力的東西。所以，首先在思想教育的指導(dǎo)思想上必須立意要高：眼光要遠、方向要明。要從兩個文明、三個面向、四化建設(shè)和民族未來的高度認識和把握德育的正確方向，樹立起具有戰(zhàn)略遠見的德育觀。值得一提的是，一切為升學(xué)服務(wù)的育人觀是片面的、短命的。 2 持之以恒 英語課是學(xué)生普遍感到難學(xué)的一門課，所以學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過程中思想的波動性大，這就決定了教學(xué)的艱巨性。例如，對于進行學(xué)習(xí)的目的性教育，不僅在于學(xué)習(xí)英語的入門階段，而要貫穿整個英語教學(xué)過程的始終，以縮小兩極分化，防止差生面的擴大。另一方面，從課內(nèi)四十五分鐘到課外活動，從教師的備課、上課、批改作業(yè)、課外輔導(dǎo)到學(xué)生的聽、說、讀、寫等各個教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)，都不能忽視和放松思想教育。 3 寓德于樂 思想教育是塑造人的靈魂的工程，它是一項藝術(shù)性、創(chuàng)造性的勞動，那么，德育的實效性就取決于實施德育的方法和手段了。只有協(xié)調(diào)各種因素，才能在學(xué)生心靈這架鋼琴上彈出美妙、和諧、動聽的樂曲來。實踐證明，開展豐富多彩的英語課外活動，寓思想教育于娛樂之中，是行之有效的。例如，舉辦以愛國主義為題材的英語演講會，開展就如何學(xué)好英語的講座會交流會等等，這些都是寓于語言學(xué)習(xí)、寓于娛樂之中的有效辦法。 4 以身立德 從某種意義上講，教師是一本活的德育教材，教師自身的師德示范，在所有的方法手段中，是最有效、最有影響力的教育手段。大家知道，有不少學(xué)生之所以喜歡英語，往往是因為他（她）喜歡那個英語老師，而之所以喜歡那個英語老師又是與老師的為人師表密切相關(guān)的。由此看來，教師要時時、事事、處處以身作則，以身立德，要熱愛外語教育事業(yè)，有強烈的責(zé)任制，要真誠關(guān)心和愛護學(xué)生，有無私奉獻精神。另外，樹立學(xué)習(xí)標(biāo)兵，或請一些學(xué)英語專業(yè)的校友給學(xué)生演講、作報告，這也是一種直接的具體的示范教育。 三寓思想教育于語言教學(xué)之中的教例 盡管語言教學(xué)中的思想教育要遵循以上四個原則，但遵循語言教學(xué)規(guī)律，是寓思想教育于語言教學(xué)之中的根本原則。對于不同的語言材料要施以不同的教學(xué)方法或形式。下面以高一第一冊第十七課為例，來說明一下常采用的教學(xué)方法和形式。 1教師講敘 對于那些有關(guān)于世界名著、歷史故事和歷史人物的課文，根據(jù)課文的主題思想，教師在介紹背景知識的同時（有時可安排在總結(jié)課文內(nèi)容時進行）恰當(dāng)?shù)伢w現(xiàn)思想教育的主題。 該篇課文是通過瑞士民族英雄威廉-泰爾勇斗侵略者的故事，歌頌了弱者戰(zhàn)勝強者、正義戰(zhàn)勝邪惡、受壓迫者戰(zhàn)勝壓迫者的真理。教師介紹課文內(nèi)容時，可進行愛國主義教育。這一教學(xué)步驟的教學(xué)過程大致如下：用英語介紹內(nèi)容概要（板書出中心句，即下面文中的劃線部分）William Tell was said to be a national hero of Switzerland in the first of the 14th century. At that time, Switzerland was ruled by Austria. The emperor of Austria sent a governor named Gesslor to the town of Altorf to rule over the freedom-loving Swiss people. He put his hat on a pole and ordered Altorfers to bow before it whenever they passed.William Tell showed his hatred for the invaders. He was caught and forced to shoot from one hundred paces away at an apple on his sons head. He was calm and brave and ready to shoot Gesslor with the second arrow if he missed the apple or hurt his son. Tell was such a fine hunter that his arrow split the apple in half. And the people raised a shout of joy. His bravery inspired the whole country to rise up and drive the Austrian soldiers from Switzerland. 造句練習(xí) 在介紹課文概要后，對板書在黑板上的要點句型進行分析、操練是很有必要的。教師可向?qū)W生提供例句，學(xué)生也可進行造句練習(xí)。教師的例句要特別注意思想性，好的例句能激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情或?qū)W(xué)生起到積極的教育作用。例 如在操練whenever時，教師可提供如下的例子：Im always ready to answer your questions whenever you ask me.Whenever he follows the teachers advice, he will be successful.?you should knock at the door whenever you want to enter others rooms.顯然，例有利于鼓勵學(xué)生積極主動地學(xué)習(xí)，不懂時多問老師；例?是一種禮貌教育。反之，造句不當(dāng)會挫傷學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性或產(chǎn)生不良的影響。如有位學(xué)生用force造出了這樣的句子：The teacher often forces us to do a lot of homework.此時，教師要指出這句話話語不錯，但立意不當(dāng)，宜改為：The teacher is strict with us. He often asks