新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四Unit 1-10 課后翻譯.doc

Unit 1我認(rèn)為，選修第二專(zhuān)業(yè)并不合適每一位本科生。我大學(xué)本科主修英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)，大一時(shí)就開(kāi)始輔修經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)了。無(wú)疑，我是班里最用功的學(xué)生。我竭盡全力想同時(shí)達(dá)到兩個(gè)不同專(zhuān)業(yè)的要求，但還是有不及格的時(shí)候。因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)需要良好的數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，我不得不花大量時(shí)間鉆研數(shù)學(xué)，因而忽略了英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)。 第二學(xué)期，英國(guó)文學(xué)及宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)兩門(mén)課不及格給我敲響了警種，這可是我一生中第一次考試不及格，這大大打擊了我的自信心。雖然我不是一個(gè)容易向命運(yùn)低頭的人，在暑假結(jié)束的時(shí)候，我還是決定放棄經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，以免兩個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)都難以完成。當(dāng)我只需修一個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)的時(shí)候，一切似乎又回到了正軌。If you ask me, taking a second major isnt good for every undergraduate. In my freshman year as an English major, I took economics as my minor. By all odds, I was the most hardworking student in my class. But try as I might to meet the requirements of the two different subjects, I still couldnt do well enough to pass all the exams.Given that the study of economics required a good command of mathematics, I had to spend so much time on math that I neglected my English major. Failing English Literature and Macro-economics in the second term sounded the alarm for me. This was the first time I did not pass a course in my life, which had greatly sapped my confidence. Although I was not a man who would easily bow to fate, as the summer break came to a close, I decided to give up economics for fear that I would fail in both subjects. Now that I had only one subject to attend to, everything seemed to be on the right track again. Unit 2張磊是在畢業(yè)工作后才開(kāi)始意識(shí)到讀書(shū)的樂(lè)趣的。反思自己的大學(xué)教育時(shí)，他感慨不已：他的一些同學(xué)都沉浸于從圖書(shū)館或書(shū)店找到的各種有趣的書(shū)籍，而他卻只讀了一些教科書(shū)，其中連一本真正值得一讀、讓他愛(ài)不釋手的書(shū)都沒(méi)有。他可以說(shuō)是被剝奪了通過(guò)書(shū)了解作家奇妙世界的特權(quán)如今，他嗜書(shū)如命，廢寢忘食，好像要把大學(xué)期間沒(méi)機(jī)會(huì)讀的好書(shū)全都讀一遍。到目前為止他已經(jīng)利用業(yè)余時(shí)間讀了幾百本小說(shuō)、傳記和游記。他意識(shí)到書(shū)不僅能向他展示一個(gè)充滿(mǎn)希望的前景，幫他消除現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的壓力和疲勞，而且能夠幫他澄清一些誤解，找到生活的真諦。It was not until after he had graduated from university and started to work that Zhang Lei became aware of the pleasure of reading. Reflecting on his undergraduate studies, he lamented that he, unlike some of his classmates who had immersed themselves in various interesting books they were able to lay hands on from the library or bookshop, had only read textbooks, none of which was really worthwhile, or could be read in one sitting. He was deprived of the privilege of gaining access to the writers fantastic worlds through the windows their books have opened, so to speak.Now he has become an avid and omnivorous reader. It is as if he wants to read all those marvelous books he hadnt had a chance to read in his university days. By now, in his spare time, he has read several hundreds of books, including novels, biographies and travel notes. He realizes that books can not only reveal to him the vista of a hopeful future and help him withstand stresses and strains, they can also help him clear up some misconceptions and discover the true meaning of the life.unit3一個(gè)人的穿著似乎能影響他的行為方式。譬如，在校內(nèi)要穿校服是中小學(xué)生所必須嚴(yán)格遵守的規(guī)矩之一。倘若在學(xué)生著裝整齊劃一和行為的統(tǒng)一規(guī)范之間不存在一種象征性關(guān)聯(lián)的話(huà)，校服便不可能如此盛行。 然而，多年的學(xué)校生活讓學(xué)生在內(nèi)心里對(duì)隨處可見(jiàn)的校服產(chǎn)生了抵觸情緒，校服畢竟壓制了個(gè)性的表達(dá)。為了彌補(bǔ)這種損失，學(xué)生常常會(huì)在周末穿流行的休閑裝。直到上了大學(xué)，他們才會(huì)享受真正的著裝自由，而服裝上的無(wú)序與大學(xué)培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力、鼓勵(lì)自由表達(dá)思想及展露才華密切相關(guān)?？上н@樣的好景不會(huì)太長(zhǎng)，經(jīng)過(guò)一段相對(duì)短暫的自由之后，他們?cè)诋厴I(yè)工作之后將再次經(jīng)歷著裝規(guī)范的壓力。(hard and fast; there is no doubt that; currency; correlation; backlash; ubiquitous; compensate for; anarchy; obtain; revive)What you wear seems to dictate your behaviour. Take primary school and high school students for example. One of the hard and fast rules they have to observe is that they must wear uniforms at school.There is no doubt that school uniforms would not have achieved their currency without a symbolic correlation between the uniformity of clothes and the students conformity to some common code of conduct.However, after years of school life, there is always a backlash secretly nursed in the students mind against the ubiquitous uniform which suppresses the expression of individuality. To compensate for this loss, students usually wear more casual and popular clothes on weekends.It is not until they start university, however, that they can really enjoy the freedom of dress, an anarchy associated with the cultivation of creativity and the encouragement of free expression of ideas and talents.But this situation wont obtain for long. After a relatively short time of liberty, they may experience again the revived pressure of dress code as soon as they become professionals.unit4談及目前經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條所帶來(lái)的影響，學(xué)生活動(dòng)的減少就是一個(gè)很好的例證。為了活躍校園生活，大學(xué)愿意劃撥一部分資金來(lái)資助學(xué)生社團(tuán)活動(dòng)，但由于今年學(xué)校的預(yù)算大幅減少，對(duì)社團(tuán)的資助也相應(yīng)縮減了不少。顯然，學(xué)生社團(tuán)要恢復(fù)以前的活力就必須想辦法克服自身的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難。有人主張招募更多會(huì)員，因?yàn)闀?huì)員費(fèi)的增加可以幫助他們度過(guò)難關(guān)。 當(dāng)然，如果有更多的會(huì)員交年費(fèi)，而且縮減一些日常開(kāi)支，我們還是能省下一些錢(qián)來(lái)組織活動(dòng)的。但是，問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵在于社團(tuán)活動(dòng)的費(fèi)用與參加活動(dòng)的人數(shù)是成正比的，因此這種方法恐怕不太可行。要推進(jìn)社團(tuán)活動(dòng)，同時(shí)又不使經(jīng)費(fèi)超支，我們必須群策群力，拿出別的籌錢(qián)方法，而不是僅僅依賴(lài)學(xué)校撥款和會(huì)員費(fèi)。When it comes to the effects of the current economic downturn, the decrease of student activities is a good case in point. To enliven campus life, the university is always willing to carve out some money for activities organized by student clubs and societies, but such sponsorships have been pared down this year because of huge budget cut. Apparently, student organizations need to weather their own financial crisis if they want to recover from their current state of inactiveness. Some suggest enrolling more club members, on the ground that the consequent increase of membership fees may help them get out of the difficulty. No doubt, if we have more members paying the annual fee, and if we cut back on our daily expenses, we can spare some money for organizing activities.But the bottom line is that the expenses of these activities are in proportion to the number of participants. Im afraid this wont be of much help. To boost student activities and to avoid going into the red, we still need to pool our ideas and come up with some other ways of raising money, in lieu of relying only on university grants and membership feesunit5 我們對(duì)理想丈夫或理想妻子的假設(shè)顯示出我們的性別期待以及我們對(duì)性別期待的反應(yīng)。如果大多數(shù)年輕姑娘希望她們的未婚夫強(qiáng)悍、能干、可靠，那么小伙子們也就別無(wú)選擇，只能把自己訓(xùn)練得強(qiáng)悍、能干、可靠，這樣才能贏得女孩子的芳心如果他們的做法與性別期待背道而馳，那么他們很可能會(huì)在悲嘆自己的光棍生涯中度過(guò)下半輩子。根據(jù)同樣的不成文法則，如果多數(shù)年輕男子希望他們的未婚妻溫柔體貼、耐心、忠貞，認(rèn)為這些比什么都重要，那么姑娘即便不是這種人，也會(huì)假裝自己將來(lái)會(huì)成為賢妻良母。深入研究一下這種性別期待，我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這是受生理和社會(huì)因素制約的。無(wú)疑，女性為孕育嬰兒做好了生理準(zhǔn)備，而男人則完全不適合這項(xiàng)工作。男人只有努力掙錢(qián)養(yǎng)家，才能讓一家人過(guò)上好日子。Our presumptions about what ideal husbands or wives are like reveal a lot about our gender expectations as well as our responses to them. If most girls want their fiancs to be tough, capable and reliable, there is no option left for young men other than to be trained as tough, capable and reliable if they want to win girls heart.If they act to the contrary, they will most probably bemoan their bachelors status for the rest of their lives. Following the same unwritten rule, if most boys expect their fiances to be caring, patient and faithful more than anything else, girls are prone to let on that they will become faithful wives and loving mothers even if they are not the type. Looking into such gender expectations, we may find that they are based on both physiological and social factors. It goes without saying that women are physically prepared to bear children, whereas men are utterly unfit for the job. Therefore, a family is better-off when its male members devote their time to providing food and other necessities for it.unit6為保證校園的安全，校方最近發(fā)布了一項(xiàng)新的規(guī)定，禁止小商販進(jìn)入校園。校長(zhǎng)呼吁學(xué)生在這件事上與學(xué)校合作。學(xué)生們表示強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)，幾百名學(xué)生在學(xué)校的BBS上表達(dá)了他們的憤怒有些人提出，正是在這樣的事情上，學(xué)校應(yīng)該聽(tīng)取學(xué)生的意見(jiàn)和需求。有些學(xué)生認(rèn)為，這項(xiàng)規(guī)定能讓校園更安全的想法是錯(cuò)誤的。 學(xué)生的反應(yīng)讓校長(zhǎng)感到震驚，為彌補(bǔ)過(guò)失，他宣布學(xué)校將重新考慮這項(xiàng)規(guī)定。他對(duì)學(xué)生說(shuō)，他們完全有權(quán)力過(guò)上方便、舒適的生活，但校園的安全也同樣重要。他還提議在校園里建一個(gè)大超市，在宿舍樓附近開(kāi)一些便利店(convenience store)，這樣就能大大方便學(xué)生們的生活。(its for matters of this kind; get sth wrong; make amends; be entitled to)To make the campus safer, the university authorities recently released a new regulation that forbids any vendors from entering the campus, and the president called on the students to cooperate with the university on this matter. But the students opposition was strong, and hundreds of them expressed their anger on the university BBS. They said that to keep vendors off campus is like deserting students on an isolated island, as the university was far away from the downtown and the shops on the campus did not provide enough commodities. Some claimed that it was precisely for matters of this kind that university should listen to students opinions and needs. Some students thought the university had got it wrong in believing that this regulation will ensure safety on campus.Shocked by the students reaction, the president tried to make amends for his mistake by announcing that the university will look into this new regulation again. He told students that they were entitled to live a convenient and comfortable life, but safety is just as much an important concern as that. He proposed to build a big supermarket within the campus and some convenient stores near dormitory buildings, which would certainly make students life much easierunit7在畢業(yè)典禮上，一家知名IT公司的經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的 CTO托馬斯克拉克給140名渴望在IT行業(yè)干出一番事業(yè)的計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生提出了一些重要建議。在他看來(lái)，信息技術(shù)不僅僅是組裝機(jī)器和裝置。在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域，創(chuàng)新起著關(guān)鍵的作用。所以 IT 工作者自然要承受巨大的壓力，因?yàn)樗麄兠刻於家氤鲆恍┬曼c(diǎn)子。 但是克拉克也指出，IT 行業(yè)的最終目標(biāo)是利潤(rùn)。如果你想在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域獲得成功，你應(yīng)該牢記創(chuàng)新并不等同于個(gè)人主義。值得注意的是，很多有天賦的年輕人由于狂妄自大，交流能力差，沒(méi)能發(fā)揮他們的潛力，因此沒(méi)有取得成功?？死藦?qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)，你必須學(xué)會(huì)和不同部門(mén)的人合作，這樣你才能創(chuàng)造出能被市場(chǎng)接受的產(chǎn)品，你的才華才能綻放In the graduation ceremony, Thomas Clark, a veteran CTO of a renowned IT company, offers some important advice to 140 computer science majors who aspire to pursue a successful career in IT. In his opinion, information technology is not just about assembling machines and devices; it is a domain where innovation plays the key role. So naturally IT workers have to endure great pressure in their work as they need to come up with new ideas on a daily basis.But Clark also points out that the ultimate goal of IT business is profit. If you want to succeed in this business, you need to keep in mind that innovation is not synonymous with individualism. It is noticeable that because of arrogance and poor communication skill many gifted young men didnt realize their potential, thus failed to achieve success. Clark emphasizes that you must learn to cooperate with people from different departments, and only thus can your talent blossom by creating products that will be accepted by the market.unit8新的國(guó)家博物館建成之后，一些市民和建筑師對(duì)于在一群極其美麗精巧的古建筑中建造一座現(xiàn)代建筑感到憤怒。其高昂的維護(hù)費(fèi)用和古怪的形狀也引發(fā)了大量的批評(píng)。顯然，許多人對(duì)在這個(gè)古城中涌現(xiàn)的時(shí)髦的現(xiàn)代建筑感到不舒服。不過(guò)，也有不少藝術(shù)家和市民覺(jué)得這些批評(píng)沒(méi)有看到該建筑的美和藝術(shù)上的成熟。 在一個(gè)公眾日益崇拜西方技術(shù)和風(fēng)格的時(shí)代里，這座建筑所引發(fā)的爭(zhēng)論促使許多人開(kāi)始思考這座城市里古建筑的未來(lái)。古建筑復(fù)雜而奢華，大規(guī)模建造過(guò)于昂貴。而現(xiàn)代西方建筑常常很難跨越文化的障礙。或許應(yīng)該采取更為溫和的方式，事先制定一個(gè)總體的規(guī)劃，讓古建筑得到妥善保護(hù)，讓現(xiàn)代建 筑成為這個(gè)城市和諧的一部分。(indignant; exquisite; an outburst of; erect; do justice to; contemplate; worship; extravagance; transcend; moderate)When the new National Museum was completed, some citizens and architects were indignant at the appearance of a modern building amidst the most beautiful and exquisite ancient buildings of the city. There was also an outburst of criticism of its high cost of maintenance and its strange shape. Obviously, some people felt uncomfortable with such fashionable modern buildings being erected in the city. But on the other hand, many artists and citizens believed that these criticisms failed to do justice to the beauty and artistic maturity of the new museum.The debate caused by this museum forces many people to contemplate the future of those ancient buildings of the city in an age when the public increasingly worship the modern Western technology and styles. With their extravagance and complexity, it is costly to build ancient buildings on a large scale. At the same time, beautiful modern buildings of Western styles cannot always transcend the cultural barrier. Maybe a more moderate approach should be adopted. A careful overall plan should be made beforehand to ensure that the ancient buildings are properly preserved and the modern buildings become a harmonious part of the city.unit920年來(lái)，一直有人認(rèn)為簡(jiǎn)體字是激進(jìn)的漢語(yǔ)改革的產(chǎn)物，不能保留傳統(tǒng)文化的精華。在他們看來(lái)，那么多中國(guó)人讀不懂繁體字是一件可恥的事情。有些人甚至認(rèn)為簡(jiǎn)體字是一個(gè)有缺陷的語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)，用簡(jiǎn)體字使中國(guó)人變笨了，中華文明已經(jīng)到了緊要關(guān)頭，必須用繁體字才能拯救我們的民族文化。但是這些提倡恢復(fù)繁體字的人并不能提出足夠的理由來(lái)支持他們的觀點(diǎn)。他們還忘記了重要的一點(diǎn)：繁體字太復(fù)雜，在中國(guó)古代，這在受過(guò)良好教育和沒(méi)受過(guò)教育的人之間造成了巨大的鴻溝，而簡(jiǎn)體字則讓上億的中國(guó)人識(shí)了字，并在一定程度上模糊了受過(guò)教育的精英和普通大眾之間的界限。如果我們重新啟用繁體字, 可能會(huì)侵害到大多數(shù)人受教育的權(quán)利，破壞中國(guó)社會(huì)的團(tuán)結(jié)。(retain; disgraceful; defective; reach a / the stage where; rift; literate; blur; elite; infringe on)In the last couple of decades, there have always been people who believe that simplified characters, a product of the radical reform of Chinese language, fail to retain the essence of our traditional culture. From their point of view, its disgraceful that so many Chinese cannot read traditional characters. Some even argue that simplified characters are a defective system of language and using them makes Chinese people dumb, and that our civilization has reached a stage where we have to go back to traditional Chinese characters to save our national culture in decline.But those in favor of traditional characters are unable to provide sufficient evidence for their assertions. They also forget an important point: In ancient China the complexity of traditional characters created a rift between the educated and the uneducated, while the simplified characters have helped hundreds of millions of people become literate, and to a certain extent blurred the boundaries between the educated elite and the ordinary public. If we went back to traditional characters, it would be very likely to infringe on the majoritys right to education and damage the unit