（貴陽(yáng)專版）中考英語(yǔ)命題研究 第二部分 語(yǔ)法專題突破篇 專題五 介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)（精講）試題.doc

專題五介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)貴陽(yáng)五年中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢(shì)考綱要求介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)考查點(diǎn)年份題號(hào)考查角度選項(xiàng)設(shè)置分值介詞辨析201534時(shí)間介詞in/on/at1分68時(shí)間介詞during/after/before1分201439時(shí)間介詞in/at/on1分201232with表達(dá)式with/under/without1分201157時(shí)間介詞 ago/before/later1分固定搭配201641固定搭配is in control of/is responsible for/is_known_for1分65固定搭配put up/turn down/cut_off1分92介詞短語(yǔ)are_thirsty_for1分95介詞短語(yǔ)according to1分201368固定搭配talk_with/talk about/talk aloud1分88固定搭配for/infor1分201238固定搭配turn on/turn down/turn_off1分42介詞短語(yǔ)fix_up/set up/put up1分58介詞短語(yǔ)fell off/fell_into/fell down1分70介詞短語(yǔ)got in/got on/got_out1分介詞是貴陽(yáng)中考單項(xiàng)選擇的必考點(diǎn)，主要考查介詞的固定搭配，如：write with(用寫)，at age數(shù)字(在歲時(shí))，be different from(不同于)。同時(shí)也注重on的基本用法，如：on表時(shí)間、方位、方向等，同時(shí)涉及on與其他介詞的辨析，如in，at，for，to，by，of等。設(shè)題形式多為簡(jiǎn)單句，以兩個(gè)分句居多，詞數(shù)為912。另外，完形填空中也會(huì)涉及介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)的辨析，如：with表伴隨，from表來(lái)源，like表列舉，同時(shí)涉及其他介詞的辨析，如above，under，for，into，of等。此外，也涉及到了介詞的固定搭配，如：on the right(在右邊)，think about(考慮)等。預(yù)測(cè)2017年貴陽(yáng)中考的單項(xiàng)選擇仍會(huì)與2016保持一致，對(duì)介詞考查不會(huì)有太大變化。貴陽(yáng)中考重難點(diǎn)突破介詞【滿分點(diǎn)撥】一、時(shí)間介詞的辨析和用法1at，on與in介詞用法舉例at時(shí)間的某一時(shí)刻，即：具體的“點(diǎn)”at half past ten在十點(diǎn)半at one oclock在一點(diǎn)某個(gè)節(jié)日期間(不僅僅是當(dāng)天)at christmas在圣誕節(jié)at the spring festival在春節(jié)習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配at last在最后at first起初at lunch在午飯時(shí)間at noon在中午at night在晚上at the age of在歲時(shí)at the end of在最后續(xù)表介詞用法舉例on表示具體的某日(月份或星期)on september 1st 在9月1號(hào)on mondays/weekdays在星期一/工作日表示某個(gè)特定的上午、下午、晚上on saturday morning/afternoon在周六早上/下午；on a cold morning在一個(gè)寒冷的早晨具體(限定)的日子或節(jié)日的當(dāng)天on national day在國(guó)慶節(jié)on christmas day在圣誕節(jié)續(xù)表介詞用法舉例in較長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間(如：世紀(jì)、年代、季節(jié)、月份等)in the 21 century在21世紀(jì)in 2009在2009年in summer在夏季in july of 2015在2015年7月泛指在上下午、傍晚、白天等in the morning/afternoon/evening/day在上午/下午/晚上/白天習(xí)慣搭配in the future在將來(lái)in the end最后in class在課堂上in a minute一分鐘后口訣記憶年月周前要用in，具體日子卻不行；遇到幾號(hào)要用on，上午下午又用in；要說(shuō)某日上下午，用on替換in才行；午夜黃昏和黎明，只用at不用in，at也在時(shí)分前。2in，after，before介詞用法舉例in“in時(shí)間段”表示“(將來(lái))以后”they will finish the work in an hour.他們一個(gè)小時(shí)后將完成工作。after與將來(lái)時(shí)連用表示“之后”，后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)hell come back after two oclock.他兩點(diǎn)后將回來(lái)。與過(guò)去時(shí)連用表示“之后”，后接時(shí)間段he got back from the us after two weeks.兩周后他從美國(guó)返回了。before表示“在之前”wash hands before dinner.飯前要洗手。二、地點(diǎn)、方位介詞的辨析和用法1at，in與on介詞用法例句at用于較小的場(chǎng)所前(如：建筑物，公共機(jī)關(guān)等)at home在家at the station在車站用于門牌號(hào)碼前at 403 avenue street在403林蔭街道in用于較大的地方前(如：國(guó)家、城市、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、地域等)in the city在城市in guilin在桂林in china在中國(guó)在周圍的環(huán)境是立體的地方(即：)in a forest在森林里in the classroom在教室里用于某些習(xí)語(yǔ)中in the sky在天空中in space在空間續(xù)表介詞用法例句on與表面相接觸(即：)on the floor在地板上在任何廣闊的面上on the farm/moon在農(nóng)場(chǎng)/在月亮上2.over，under，above，below介詞用法圖示例句over“在正上方”，表示兩者不接觸we can build a bridge over the river.我們可以在河上建一座橋。under“在正下方”，表示兩者不接觸my cat is lying under the chair.我的貓正躺在椅子下面。above“在的上方”，表示兩者不接觸，不一定垂直the plane is flying above the clouds.飛機(jī)在云層上飛行。below“在的下方”，表示兩者不接觸，不一定垂直the coat reaches below the knees.那件大衣蓋過(guò)膝蓋。三、方式、手段或工具介詞的辨析和用法介詞用法例句with后跟具體的工具，與后面的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，指“借助于，用”，后面跟人稱代詞時(shí)表示“和一起”，表示伴隨狀況，在句中做狀語(yǔ)。此外，with還可以表示“帶有，具有”i often do my homework with a pen.我經(jīng)常用鋼筆寫家庭作業(yè)。in表示使用某種語(yǔ)言，用墨水、顏色、顏料等原料，在名詞前不加冠詞can you say it in english？你能用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)嗎？please write it in ink.請(qǐng)用墨水把它寫下來(lái)。by表示某種方式或手段，在名詞前不加冠詞this pair of shoes is made by hand.這雙鞋是手工制作的。on表示借助、通過(guò)某一器械、機(jī)器，在名詞前一般加冠詞thei could do all my work on the computer.我能在電腦上完成所有的工作。四、其他常見(jiàn)介詞的用法1over “遍及；超過(guò)”如：there are over two hundred people in the park.公園里有兩百多人。my friends are over the world.我的朋友遍天下。2against “反對(duì)”如：we will play against them this afternoon.今天下午我們跟他們比賽。3into “在里”如：mr.white came into the classroom with a smile.懷特先生面帶笑容走進(jìn)教室。4from“從”如：we go to school from monday to friday.我們從星期一到星期五上學(xué)。5for“為，給”如：mother bought a pen for me.媽媽給我買了一支鋼筆。6of“的”如：a map of china一幅中國(guó)地圖7without“沒(méi)有”如：he often goes to work without breakfast.他經(jīng)常不吃早餐就去上班。8to“給，對(duì)，到，往”如：go to school上學(xué)；give a kite to me把風(fēng)箏給我；from here to the park從這里到公園【考點(diǎn)搶測(cè)】(a)1.could you tell me the way to the science museum，please?yes，walk along this street.youll see it _ your left.aon bin cfor(a)2.maybe you should call him up.but i dont want to talk with him _ the phone.aon bat cin(c)3.in america，people start celebrating the new year _ december 31st.ain bat con(b)4.lisa was born on may 1st，and my birthday is also _ that month.aover bin con(b)5.most of my classmates go to school _ bike.aat bby con(a)6._ the book，the teacher comes into the classroom.awith batcon介詞短語(yǔ)【滿分點(diǎn)撥】介詞名詞at home在家里；at school在學(xué)校；at noon在中午；at night在晚上；at work在工作；at sea在大海上；at the same time同時(shí)；at times有時(shí)；at breakfast早餐時(shí)；at midnight在午夜；at the moment在此刻；after a while過(guò)了一會(huì)兒by bus乘公共汽車；by the way順便說(shuō)；by the time到時(shí)候；by turns輪流；by mistake錯(cuò)誤地；by the door在門口in hospital住院；in the hospital在醫(yī)院；in the end最后；in order整整齊齊；in order to以便；in no time很快就；in the daytime在白天；in turn輪流in time及時(shí)；in front在前方；in english用英語(yǔ)；in the future將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)刻；in future(整個(gè))將來(lái)；in fact事實(shí)上on the way在路上；on sunday在星期天；on show展出；on display陳列；on fire著火；on duty值日；on the other hand另一方面on foot步行；on business出差；on board在船(飛機(jī))上；on holiday在休假；on the telephone在接(打)電話；on time準(zhǔn)時(shí)；on the left/right在左邊/右邊；on sale在出售；on watch值班；on the earth在地球上with pleasure很樂(lè)意；with ones help在某人的幫助下續(xù)表be形容詞介詞be amazed at對(duì)感到驚訝；be angry with生(某人的)氣；be afraid of害怕；be busy with忙于做；be good at擅長(zhǎng)于；be full of充滿be excited about對(duì)感到興奮；be kind to對(duì)和善；be interested in對(duì)感興趣be famous for因而著名；be late for遲到；be popular with受歡迎be pleased with對(duì)感到滿意；be proud of對(duì)感到驕傲；be ready for為準(zhǔn)備好be satisfied with對(duì)滿意；be worried about為擔(dān)心動(dòng)詞介詞agree with同意；ask for請(qǐng)求；begin with以開(kāi)始；come from出生，來(lái)自；call at探訪die of死于；get on/off上車/下車；fillwith用裝；fall off從落下hear from收到(某人)的信；hear of聽(tīng)說(shuō)；look at看；go to bed去睡覺(jué)；go to school去上學(xué)；look for尋找；look after照顧listen to聽(tīng)講話；pay for付錢；point to指向；point at指著；send for派人去叫；run across碰到；talk about談?wù)摚籺hink about考慮；wait for等候；write to寫信給；worry about擔(dān)心laugh at嘲笑；fall behind落在后面；knock at敲介詞名詞介詞at the foot of在腳下；on the top of在頂端；in the middle of在中間；in the front of