英國文學(xué)史PART TWO---Chapter 3 The Flowering of English Literature.doc

Chapter 3 The Flowering of English LiteratureAdela Class B Lanzhou UniversityI. The Flourishing of LiteratureII. Sidney and RaleighA. Sir Philip Sidney(1554-1586)-a well-known poet and critic of poetry His main works: 1) Astrophel and Stella( love sonnets)愛星者和星星2) Apology for Poetry詩辯 ( according to Sidney, poetry has a superiority over philosophy and history)l n Platos “ Republic”:1, Idea理念；相 2, Experienced world 3, Art B. Walter Raleigh(1552?-1618) -another versatile man of action, thought and letters. His works:1) Discovery of Guiana ( literary history)2) History of the World3) His handful of lyricsIII. Edmund Spenser( 1552-1599)- the Poets Poet of the period 埃德蒙斯賓塞 （Edmund Spenser，15521599），英國文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期偉大詩人，代表作有長篇史詩仙后、田園詩集牧人月歷、組詩情詩小唱十四行詩集、婚前曲、祝婚曲等。斯賓塞早在1569年就翻譯過法國詩人杜倍雷的詩歌，并通過法文轉(zhuǎn)譯了意大利詩人彼特拉克的詩歌。他最早的詩作牧人月歷是仿照羅馬詩人維吉爾等古代牧歌寫成的。斯賓塞的主要作品是仙后。他的詩用詞典麗、情感細(xì)膩、格律嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、優(yōu)美動(dòng)聽，對(duì)后世的英國詩人，包括彌爾頓、馬洛、雪萊、濟(jì)慈等都有很深遠(yuǎn)的影響，被后人稱之為“詩人的詩人”。他在長詩仙后中他探索出了一種新的適用于長詩的格律形式，后被稱作“斯賓塞詩節(jié)”。 His work:1) The Shepherds Calendar牧人月歷 -a pastoral 田園的poem in twelve books卷, one for each month of the year. The Shepherds in the poem represent the poet himself and his frirnds2) Epithalamian?；榍?a beautiful sonnet sequence and marriage ode celebrating his successful love affair.3) Amoretti愛情小詩-consisting 88 sonnets 4) The Faerie Queene仙后 - l a long poem planned in 12 books, of which he finished only 6, which can be interpreted as an allegorical work寓言. ( it tells that the Queen holds a feast of 12 days, and on each day a stranger in distress appears, claiming help against a dragon or giant or tyrant. A knight is assigned to each guest and then comes their advenyures, during which each knight represents a virtue, as Holiness, Temperance節(jié)欲, Chastity貞潔純潔, Friendship, Justice and Courtesy禮貌恩惠)l The work was dedicated to Queen Elizabethl The end of the work is to fashion a gentleman or noble person in virtuous and gentle disciplinel The dominating thoughts of the poem are nationalism（Queen), humanism(its opposition to Roman Catholicism), and puritanism( shown in its moral teaching道德說教） The Spenserian Stanza: A special verse form that consists of eight iambic pentameter 五步格詩lines followed by a ninth line of six iambic feet, with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc.Spensers position in English Literature: (p43)略IV. John Lyly（1554？-1606） His work；1) Euphues-a representative of the romance written for the “ gentle reader, which was written in a peculiar style known as “ Euphuism”綺麗體 “ Euphuism”綺麗體：jufjz()m夸飾文體；華麗詞藻；尤弗伊斯體-Euphuismis a peculiar mannered style of Englishprose， which consists in the use of balanced sentences and words alliterating, riming or identical. In other words, it consists of a preciously ornate華麗的 and sophisticated 精致做作的style, employing in deliberate excess a wide range of literary devices such asantitheses,alliterations, repetitions andrhetorical questions. 2） Thomas Deloney -written in simple , artless language and written for ordinary people and everyday life instead of the court.V. Francis Bacon-the founder of Engllish materialist philosophy and the intellectual energy of the Renaissance.( once Lord Chancellor大法官）His works: 1) Advancement of Learning學(xué)術(shù)的進(jìn)展（ fragments)2) New Instrument新工具：l Inductive methods歸納法l Deductive methods演繹法3）Essays:(58 essays included) l They cover a wide variety of subjects, such