自考英語二筆記.doc.doc

交流學(xué)習(xí) 共同進(jìn)步 更多資料索取請(qǐng) QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 樣本與筆記說明 1、本文檔僅為前兩章樣本，完整版共 32 頁 半 如需完整版 請(qǐng) QQ： 67460666 手機(jī)： 137 8381 6366 聯(lián)系 官方網(wǎng)址： www.ZiKaoBJ.com 2、樣本和完整版筆記均嚴(yán)格按最新制定教材目錄順序整理，每個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)既可以作為選擇填空又可用在簡答論述，而不是絕對(duì)按照考試題型總結(jié)的，因此更利于全面把握知識(shí)點(diǎn)或者考試時(shí)臨時(shí)翻閱。 關(guān)于站長： 本站長目前于西南政法大學(xué)攻讀研究生，參與了西政開辦的各類考試輔導(dǎo)班（自考、司考、公務(wù)員、考研、成教、專升本等）。本站所有筆記均為最新自考核心班內(nèi)部權(quán)威資料，經(jīng)過細(xì)心整理成了 WORD 版本，便于打印、攜帶和查找。 關(guān)于筆記： 我們 的每一份資料都凝結(jié)著開班八年專業(yè)授課老師辛勤的心血，每一份資料都是他們智慧的結(jié)晶，每一份資料都是有生命的知識(shí)系統(tǒng)，我們求抓使筆記覆蓋到每個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，抓住最核心的題目，盡我們最大之力保證通過率。 筆記特點(diǎn)： 本站所有自考成考筆記是我們輔導(dǎo)班經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的老師的授課筆記精心整理而成，是一套完整復(fù)習(xí)資料，內(nèi)容全面，或按不同題型分類整理，或按章節(jié)順序整理，便于打印、攜帶和查找。 鄭重承諾： （ 1）每部筆記的整理嚴(yán)格依據(jù)最新教材和考綱； （ 2）力求涵蓋到每個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)； （ 3）知識(shí)點(diǎn)覆蓋率 80%，輕松過關(guān)。 省錢省力： （ 1）省時(shí)： A4 紙分欄，排版精美，無需再整理； （ 2）省力：可直接看筆記，無需再看教材； （ 3）省錢：省下購買教材的費(fèi)用，也免去了補(bǔ)考費(fèi) 聯(lián)系方式： QQ： 67460666 旺旺： fsweetie 官方網(wǎng)址： www.ZiKaoBJ.com 五 鉆信譽(yù)自考筆記淘寶店： / 00015 英語（二）（樣本，完整版 32 頁半） 筆記依據(jù)教材 大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程 (下冊(cè) ) 1998 年版 高遠(yuǎn) 主編 高等教育出版社 筆記依據(jù)目錄 Unit 1 Text A What Is a Decision? Text B Secrets of Success at an Interview Unit 2 Text A Black Holes Text B Worlds within Worlds Unit 3 Text A Euthanasia: For and Against Text B Advantage Unfair Unit 4 Text A Slavery on Our Dcorstep Text B Return of The Chain Gang Unit 5 Text A The New Music Text B Different Types of Composers Unit 6 Text A Improving Industrial Efficiency through Robotics Text B Predicting Earthquakes Unit 7 Text A Leisure and Leadership Text B The Time Message Unit 8 Text A Jet Lag: Prevention and Cure Text B Controlling Your Concentration Unit 9 Text A Aging in European Countries Text B Childrens Self-esteem Unit 10 Text A The Campaign for Election Text B The American Two-party System Unit 11 Text A Sacrificed to Science? Text B Lets Stop Keeping Pets Unit 12 Text A Let Your Mind Wander Text B To Sleep, Perchance to Dream Unit 13 Text A Work, Labor, and Play Text B The Workmans Compensation Unit 14 Text A The Teachers Last Shocking Lesson Text B The Seeds of Wrath Unit 15 Text A The Computer and The Poet Text B Changes to Come in U. S . Education 一、單詞表 （ 完整版 共 3 頁 ） organizational :gnaizeinl a.組織（上）的 goal gul n.1.目的，目標(biāo)； 2.得分進(jìn)球，球門 objective bdektiv n.目標(biāo)，目的； a.1.客觀的，真實(shí)的；2.如實(shí)的，無偏見的 accomplish kmpli vt.完成（任務(wù)等） predict pridikt vt./vi.預(yù)言；預(yù)示 accompany kmpni vt.1.伴隨，陪同； 2.為 伴奏 implement implimnt vt.實(shí)現(xiàn)；完成（任務(wù)等）；履行（協(xié)定、諾言等） constraint knstreint n.1.強(qiáng)制； 2.強(qiáng)制因素，制約條件 precedent presidnt n.先例，前例 simplify simplifai vt.簡化 tendency tendnsi n.趨勢，傾向 managerial mndiril a.1.經(jīng)理的，管理人的； 2.管理上的，經(jīng)營上的 maker meik n.制造者；制造商 achievement ti:vmnt n.1.完成，達(dá)到； 2.成就，成績 attain tein vt.達(dá)到；完成 optimal ptiml a.最適宜的；最理想的 suboptimization sbptimaizein n.局部最優(yōu)化（指使整體目標(biāo)中的某個(gè)選定目標(biāo)圓滿實(shí)現(xiàn)） trade-off treid f n.1.（對(duì)不能同時(shí)兼顧的因素）權(quán)衡；2.物物交換 argue :gju: vt./vi.爭辨，爭論，辯論； vt.1.說服； 2.用辯論 證明 budget bdit n.預(yù)算； vt.1.把 編入預(yù)算； 2.安排，預(yù)定 scheme ski:m n.計(jì)劃；方案； vt./vi.計(jì)劃，策劃 define difain vt.1.解釋，給 下定義； 2.限定，規(guī)定 multiple mltipl a.多樣的，復(fù)合的； n.倍數(shù) profitability prfitbiliti n.賺錢，獲利 correctness krektnis n.正確，正確性 unintended nintendid a.非計(jì)劃中的，非故意的 ongoing ngui a.進(jìn)行中的，前進(jìn)的 entity entiti n.1.存在，實(shí)體； 2.統(tǒng)一性 skilled skild a.熟練的；有技能的 in the way 擋路；礙事 make a guess at 猜測 and the like 等等，諸如此類 seek to 追求，爭取 (中間部分略 ) 完整版請(qǐng) QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 索取 demand for 對(duì) 的要求 go to law against 俗 控告某人 go along with 和 一起 shy away from 1.躲開，回避； 2.贊成 learn by rote 由熟記而學(xué)某事 disagree about 對(duì) 意見不一 二、 重點(diǎn)短語 （ 完整版 共 4 頁 ） Unit 1-A 1 course of action 行動(dòng)步驟，辦事程序，做事方案 what is the best course of action we can take?我們采取什么辦法最好 ? Your best course of action is to forget about the whole unfortunate matter你最好的方法是忘掉這一切不幸。 2 in the way 擋路，阻礙，妨礙 Im afraid your car is in the way看來你的汽車擋著道了。 I left them alone as I felt I was in the way我覺得自己礙他們的事，就走了。 3 to make a guess at 對(duì) 進(jìn)行猜測 Make a guess at an answer， please!請(qǐng)猜 一下答案 ! If I might make a guess(at her age)， Id say she was about 30要讓我猜 (她年齡 )的話，我看她大概三十歲。 4 to blind sb to sth 使某人看不到某物，使某人對(duì)某物喪失判斷力 His desire to do it blinded him to all the difficulties他急于做事的愿望讓他對(duì)困難一無所知。 Her lore for him blinded her to his faults她非常愛他，這讓 她對(duì)他的缺點(diǎn)喪失了判斷力。 5 to contribute to sth 1)促成，導(dǎo)致 Does smoking contribute to lung cancer? 吸 煙 會(huì) 導(dǎo) 致 肺 癌 嗎 ? Carelessness contributed to his errors粗心大意造成了他的錯(cuò)誤。 2)有助于，增添 Her work has contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject她的著作非常有助于我們對(duì)這個(gè)難題的了解 。 We hope your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem我們希望你的建議將有助于解決這個(gè)問題。，3)捐助，捐贈(zèng)，貢獻(xiàn) to contribute aid to refugeescontribute to the Red Cross 向難民提供援助捐助紅十字會(huì) Everyone should contribute what he can afford to it人人都應(yīng)該盡自己的能力做貢獻(xiàn)。 4)撰稿，投稿 She has contributed to literary magazines她給幾家文學(xué)刊物投了稿。 6 a state of affairs 情況，局勢 What a shocking state of affairs!局勢真驚人哪 ! That was the state of affairs before the election選舉前的情況就是那樣。 7 to seek to do sth 設(shè)法做某事 They are seeking to mislead他們竭力進(jìn)行誤導(dǎo)。 They sought to bring their conflict to an end他們?cè)噲D結(jié)束沖突。 8 the scheme of things 事物的規(guī)律，安排 In the scheme of things， it is hard for small businesses to succeed一般來說 (按事物的規(guī)律 )，小本生意難做。 9 in part 部分地；在某種程度上 His success was due in part to luck在某種程度上，他成功靠的是運(yùn)氣。 Were losing money-in part because ， with our ancient computers， we cant stay competitive我們?cè)谫r錢 -在某種程度上是因?yàn)槲覀內(nèi)杂门f的計(jì)算機(jī)，缺乏競爭力。 10 vary fromto 從 變?yōu)?；在 與 之間變化 Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression她的情緒一下子由樂觀變?yōu)闃O度消沉。 These fish vary in weight from 31b to 5lb這些魚的重量從三磅到五磅不等。 Unit 1-B 1 to apply for 申請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)求 to apply for a job postpassport visa scholarship 申請(qǐng)工作職位護(hù)照簽證獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金 to apply to the publishers for the permission to reprint an extract 向出版者請(qǐng)求準(zhǔn)予轉(zhuǎn)印節(jié)錄 2 day-to-day 1)日常的，每日常規(guī)工作的 She has been looking after the day-to day administration她一直做日常的管理工作。 2)逐日的 I have organized the cleaning on a day-to-day basis， until the usual cleaner returns我已經(jīng)安排了清潔工回來前的逐日清潔工作。 3 to have no idea 不知道；無能力 He has no idea how to manage people他根本不知道如何做人事工作。 You have no idea how worried I was!你根本不知道我有多么擔(dān)心 ！ 4 to take the trouble to do sth 費(fèi)力做某事，不辭勞苦做某事 Decent journalists should take the trouble to check the facts責(zé)任心強(qiáng)的新聞工作者應(yīng)該不厭其煩地核實(shí)報(bào)導(dǎo)內(nèi)容。 Nobody took the trouble to comfort the angry woman沒有人費(fèi)力去勸勸那位憤怒的女人， 5 to put oneself in sbs place 設(shè)身處地替某人著想 If you put yourself in my place you would understand it設(shè)身處地替我想一下，你就會(huì)理解的。 cf in sbs place 處于某人的境地 What would you do in my place?你要是我會(huì)怎樣做 ? In her place Id sell the lot我要是她的話就全部賣掉。 6 to ones advantage 對(duì)某人有利，對(duì)某人有幫助 You will find it to your advantage to learn some German before you visit Switzerland你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)去瑞士前學(xué)一點(diǎn)德語將對(duì)你有好處。 It would be to our mutual advantage to continue the training centre把培訓(xùn)中心繼續(xù)辦下去對(duì)我們雙方都有好處。 cf to ones disadvantage 對(duì)某人不利，有損某人的聲譽(yù) It would be to your disadvantage to invest in the project在這個(gè)工程上投資對(duì)你會(huì)十分不利。 Have you heard of the turnouts to his disadvantage?你聽說那些對(duì)他不利的謠言了嗎 ? 7 at a disadvantage 處于不利地位 His inability to speak English put him at a disadvantage他不會(huì)說英語，這使他很吃虧。 They are working at a great disadvantage他們正在非常不利的情況下工作。 8 to ask for 要求，請(qǐng)求 Did you ask(your boss)for a pay increase?你請(qǐng)求 (老板 )加薪了嗎 ? Driving after drinking alcohol is asking for trouble酒后開車是自討苦吃。 9 in hand 1)在手中 (持有 )；在手頭 (隨時(shí)可用 ) I still have some money in hand我手頭還有些錢。 2)在控制下 We have the situation well in hand我們完全控制住了局面。3)正在辦理、處理之中 The work is in hand and will soon be completed這項(xiàng)工作正在進(jìn)行之中，不久即可完成。 10 to make sure(of that)1)弄清楚，核實(shí)，查明 I think the doors locked but Id better go and make sure(of it that it is)我想門已經(jīng)鎖了，但我最好還是去查實(shí)一下。 2)設(shè)法確保 We have made arrangements to make sure that the visit goes well 為確保參觀順利進(jìn)行我 們已經(jīng)做了安排。 11 to turn down 1)to turn sb sth down 頂回，拒不理會(huì)，拒絕 He tried to join the army but was turned down because of poor health他想?yún)④?，但因身體欠佳而被斷然拒絕。 He asked Jane to marry him but she turned him down他請(qǐng)求簡嫁給他，可她拒絕了。 2)to turn sth down 調(diào)節(jié) (爐具、收音機(jī)等 )使熱量、音量、溫度等降低 Dont forget to turn down the gas after an hour or so別忘了過一小時(shí)左右把煤氣關(guān)小點(diǎn)兒。 Turn the taperecorder down-Im trying to get some sleep把錄音機(jī)關(guān)小點(diǎn)兒 -我想睡一會(huì)兒。 12 as soon as 一 就 ，不遲于 He left as soon as he heard the news他一聽到這消息就走了。 Ill tell him as soon as possible我會(huì)盡快告訴 他的。 (中間部分略 ) 完整版請(qǐng) QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 索取 Unit 15-A 1 But the question persists and indeed grows whether the computer will make it easier or harder for human beings to know who they really are， to identify their real problems， to respond more fully to beauty， to place adequate value on life， and to make their world safer than it now is但是對(duì)于以下問題，人們的疑問還存在著，而且有增無減。這些問題就是：對(duì)于人類真正認(rèn)識(shí)自己、辨清自己的問題、增強(qiáng)美的鑒賞力、賦予生命完全的價(jià)值以及使世界更加安全等，電腦起了什么樣的作用 ?使它們更難了，還是使它們更容易了 ? 在這個(gè)句子中， the question persists and indeed grows 是主句。 whether 以后的部分就是 question 的內(nèi)容。其中的 it 指的是后面的五個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式短語。 2 Facts are terrible things if left spreading and unexamined如果對(duì)事實(shí)材料不加整理研究，它們就會(huì)引起麻煩。 if 后面省略了 they are。 3 A genuine purpose may be served by turning loose the wonders of the creative imagination on the kinds of problems being put to electronic technology為達(dá)到真正目的，可以解開創(chuàng)造性的想像力的羈絆，使其神奇作用應(yīng)用于電子技術(shù)的各種難題。本句的結(jié)構(gòu)可做如下分析：主句為 A genuine purpose may be served，后面是by 引導(dǎo)的介詞短語做方式狀語。在這個(gè)狀語中， turn loose 后面是一個(gè)賓語加賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓語就是 the wonders of the creative imagination，補(bǔ)足語就是 on the kinds of problems being put to electronic technology。而在這個(gè)補(bǔ)足語中， being put to electronic technology 做problem 的定語。 (剩余 部分略 ) 完整版請(qǐng) QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 索取 三、 重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)句子詳解 （ 完整版 共 2.4 頁 ） Unit 1-A 1 A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available決策就是從可選的行動(dòng)方案中做出選擇。本句中 “course of action”是固定搭配，意為 “行動(dòng)步驟；辦事程序；做事方案 ”。 that 從句為定語從句，修飾 courses，介詞短語 amongavailable作 from 的賓語，另如： They were mostly elected from among the workers他們大多數(shù)是從工人中選出來的。He took his watch from under the pillow他從枕頭下把表拿了出來。 We didnt meet until after the show我們直到演出后才見面。 2 some suggest that the management process is decision making 有人認(rèn)為管理過程就是決策過程。當(dāng)suggest 意為 “建議 ”時(shí)，后面從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞使用虛擬語氣，即 “(should)+動(dòng)詞原形 ”形式，而當(dāng) suggest表達(dá) “認(rèn)為；提出；暗示 ” 時(shí)，則不用虛擬語氣。例如：It is suggested that the meeting(should)be held at some other time人們建議會(huì)議改期進(jìn)行。 She smiled， but her eyes suggested that she was not happy at all她笑了笑，但眼神卻顯示出她并不幸福。 Are you suggesting that I am too old for the job?你是說我老得干不了這份工作 ? 3.decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them 決策既包 括識(shí)別選項(xiàng)又包括縮小選項(xiàng)范圍。在 A as well as B 結(jié)構(gòu)中，語義側(cè)重點(diǎn)通常在 A 項(xiàng)，一般可理解為 “不僅 B，而且 A”或 “既 B 又 A”。例如： There are advantages as well as disadvantages of friction摩擦力既有消極作用，也有積極作用。 Unit 1-B 1 In fact I did have several questions， but you have already answered them all我剛才確實(shí)有些問題，但您已經(jīng)全部解答過了。 助動(dòng)詞 do 在肯定句中用在動(dòng)詞之前可以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，其形式只有現(xiàn)在時(shí) (do， does)和過去時(shí)(did)，這種用法叫做強(qiáng)調(diào)肯定式。例如： I do think you are a good cook我確實(shí)認(rèn)為你是個(gè)好廚師。 So you did come after all你畢竟還是來了。用在祈使句中，能使清求更加客氣而友好，或者更具有鼓勵(lì)作用一例如：Do have another cup of tea， please請(qǐng)?jiān)俸缺璋?! 但是，在表示制止意義的祁使句中，助動(dòng)詞又可以表示說話人不耐煩的情緒。例如： Do stop talking!別說話啦！ 2.but do not let it worry you too much 但不要為這種場面而忐忑不安。動(dòng)詞 let， make， have， hear， see，observe 等之后的賓語補(bǔ)足語為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，省略 to，又如： Let me go， will you? 讓我走，好不好 ? 3 There is little likelihood that 的可能性微乎其微；幾乎不可能 其他類似的表達(dá)方法還有： There is little likelihood of 幾乎沒有 的可能性。 There is a likelihood that of 有 的可能性。 There is every likelihood that of 完全有 的可能性。 There is no likelihood that of 絕無 的可能性。 There is a strong likelihood that of 的可能性很大。 (剩余 部分略 ) 完整版請(qǐng) QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 索取 四、課文譯文 （ 完整版 共 5 頁 ） Unit 1-A 什么是決策 ? 決策就是從現(xiàn)成的行動(dòng)方案中做出選擇，它旨在確立并實(shí)現(xiàn)組織機(jī)構(gòu)的目標(biāo)及指標(biāo)。之所以要決策，是因?yàn)橛袉栴}存在，目標(biāo)或指標(biāo)錯(cuò)誤，或者有某種東西妨礙了它們的實(shí)現(xiàn)。 因此，決策過程對(duì)于管理至關(guān)重要。管理者所做的一切幾乎都與決策有關(guān)。事實(shí)上，有人認(rèn)為管理過程就是決策過程。管理者雖然不能預(yù)測未來，但很多決策要求他們考慮未來可能發(fā)生的情況。通常，他們必須對(duì)未來事態(tài)做出最佳猜測，使偶然情況盡可能少交流學(xué)習(xí) 共同進(jìn)步 更多資料索取請(qǐng) QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 地發(fā)生。不過，由于未知情況總是存在，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與決策則往往相伴。有時(shí)，決策的疏漏不會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的后果，但有時(shí)后 果則不堪設(shè)想。 選擇就是從不同選項(xiàng)中進(jìn)行取舍。沒有選擇，就沒有決策。決策制訂就是選擇的過程，而且許多決策有著很廣的選擇范圍。例如，學(xué)生為了實(shí)現(xiàn)自己獲得學(xué)位的目標(biāo)，就可能從多門課程中進(jìn)行選擇。對(duì)管理者來說，每次決策都受到政策、程序、法律、慣例等因素的制約。這些制約存在于一個(gè)組織的方方面面。 選項(xiàng)就是可供選擇的種種行動(dòng)方案。沒有選項(xiàng)，就沒有選擇，當(dāng)然也談不上決策。如果看不到任何選項(xiàng)，通常表明對(duì)問題尚未進(jìn)行全面的分析研究。例如，管理者看待問題，有時(shí)采取兩者擇一 (非此即彼 )的方式，把復(fù)雜的問題簡單化。這種傾向使他們 難以看到某些選項(xiàng)。 在管理層次上，制訂決策包括識(shí)別選項(xiàng)及縮小選項(xiàng)范圍兩個(gè)方面，這個(gè)范圍可以從極為狹窄到近乎無限不等。 決策者必須掌握某種方法判定其中的最佳選項(xiàng)，也就是說，哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)組織目標(biāo)最為有利。組織目標(biāo)指該組織要努力完成或達(dá)到的目的或情形。由于個(gè)人 (和組織 )對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的方式常常見解不一，最佳選擇可能就取決于決策者了。有時(shí)，一個(gè)組織的下屬機(jī)構(gòu)做出的決策有利于自己的個(gè)體利益，但對(duì)上一級(jí)部門來說，卻并非最佳選擇，這種增加局部機(jī)構(gòu)的利益，同時(shí)減少其他機(jī)構(gòu)的利益，在不能兩全情況下做出的取舍，即所謂的局部最優(yōu)化 。例如，市場經(jīng)理為增加廣告預(yù)算，可能講得頭頭是道，然而，從全局方案來看，增加優(yōu)化產(chǎn)品的研究經(jīng)費(fèi)也許對(duì)整個(gè)組織有更多好處。 這種權(quán)衡利弊進(jìn)行取舍的做法之所以存在，是因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)組織想要同時(shí)達(dá)到的目標(biāo)很多。有些目標(biāo)雖然相比之下更為重要，但其重要性及緊迫性往往因人因部門而各不相同。不同的管理者對(duì)同一問題有著不同的看法，當(dāng)他們面對(duì)一件日常事例時(shí)，銷售經(jīng)理趨向于看銷售問題，生產(chǎn)經(jīng)理著眼于生產(chǎn)問題，如此等等。 一個(gè)組織多種目標(biāo)的緊迫性與重要性部分地取決于決策者的價(jià)值觀念。這種價(jià)值具有個(gè)人色彩，而且復(fù)雜多變，他們自己甚至也因 此難以捉摸。在很多商業(yè)場合，對(duì)于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與收益，不同的人有不同的接受標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這使他們對(duì)決策正確與否也看法各異。 人們常常認(rèn)為，決策是一個(gè)孤立的現(xiàn)象。但從系統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)看，問題的產(chǎn)生有多種原因，決策既有預(yù)期的結(jié)果，也有意料之外的結(jié)果。一個(gè)組織是一個(gè)在發(fā)展中的實(shí)體，今天所作的決策可能在很遠(yuǎn)的將來才會(huì)有結(jié)果，因此，老練的管理者決策時(shí)總是放眼未來。 Unit 1-B 面試成功的秘訣 我們今天談的主題是面試。 有兩條秘訣會(huì)讓你獲益匪淺：一是準(zhǔn)備，二是信心。 首先要做好面試前的準(zhǔn)備工作。 要盡可能多地了解自己所申請(qǐng)的這份工作以 及自己想去的這家單位的情況。 我所采訪過的許多雇主都對(duì)應(yīng)聘者作了同樣的批評(píng)： “ 應(yīng)聘者對(duì)申請(qǐng)崗位上的日常工作有什么意義 (會(huì)帶來什么結(jié)果 )一無所知，他們空具 改進(jìn)公司的前景 或 為公司服務(wù) 的模糊概念，卻從來不下功夫去了解他們將被要求去做的實(shí)際工作。 ” 不要讓這種事發(fā)生在自己身上。它表明你對(duì)雇主和工作毫不在意，當(dāng)然你也不會(huì)討人家喜歡。 花些時(shí)間設(shè)身處地替面試官想一想，他所需要的是踏實(shí)能干、性格隨和開朗、對(duì)工作確有熱情的人。 你所了解到的關(guān)于這位新雇主的情況，都可以在面試中為你所用，它表明你為了效力于意中的新雇主已經(jīng)下了番功夫，熟悉了其中的一些工作。 把想要詢問的問題寫下來 (并記在心里 )。這樣，當(dāng)面試官讓你發(fā)問時(shí)，就不至于無話可說。切記不要一上去就詢問假日及薪水問題。自己的所有問題得到解答后，你要說： “ 我剛才確實(shí)有些問題，但您已經(jīng)全部解答過了。 ” 你若要確信面試中對(duì)方話中的隱含之意，想請(qǐng)對(duì)方說明，不要畏縮，但一定要有禮貌。 前去面試之前，要把這家單位的招聘廣告原文、對(duì)方的回信、自己的求職信或申請(qǐng)表以及個(gè)人簡歷的復(fù)印件再看一遍。 這樣，你會(huì)記起自己曾說過什么，對(duì)方要求什么條件。如果你短時(shí)間內(nèi)應(yīng)聘過許多工作，這一點(diǎn)尤為重要，因?yàn)槟愫苋菀装阉鼈兓ハ嗷煜医o人留下效率不佳的印象。 要記清楚自己面試的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，若有必要，提前一兩天去看一下安排面試的樓房 (但不要走進(jìn)面試間 )，弄清楚路上花多少時(shí)間，面試地點(diǎn)的確切位置。 要爭取提前五至十分鐘到達(dá)面試地點(diǎn)，這樣，你手頭還有一點(diǎn)兒時(shí)間，不至于因遲到而慌恐不安。若是慌慌張張趕去面試，或者遲到了十分鐘，一開始你就處于不利的境地。 著裝要干凈、利落、保守一些?，F(xiàn)在絕不是你一身蓬克打扮、隨便一試的時(shí)候，也不是女孩子上身領(lǐng)口大開、下身超短裙裝束的時(shí)候。此外，鞋子、雙手和頭發(fā)也要整整潔潔。 要帶上約你前去面試的信函，以免出現(xiàn)交流方面的問題。 面試官也許只有一個(gè)，也許是幾人專門小組。后者自然更令人擔(dān)驚害怕，但不要因此過分怯場。 面試官和你之間很可能擺放著一張桌子，但你可不能把自己的東西或手臂放在上面。 你若帶有提包或提箱，就放在你座椅旁邊的地上，不要極不自然地緊抓不放，更不要把包扔到地上，將里邊的東西灑得滿地都是。 若對(duì)方先伸手過來，要跟人家握手。若是五個(gè)人的面試小組，逐個(gè)跟你握手的可能性微乎其微。所以，即使沒人與你握手，你也不必難過。 握手時(shí)要有力度 軟弱無力讓人感覺你意志薄弱，當(dāng)然用力過大 會(huì)讓人疼痛不已。不要?jiǎng)偽帐志婉R上松開，那樣會(huì)讓人覺得你對(duì)他沒有好感。 談吐要禮貌、自然，即便你很害羞。回答每個(gè)問題都要三思而后行。 你若是聽不懂，就問一下： “ 麻煩您再解釋一下剛才的問題好嗎 ?” 這樣，面試官就會(huì)換換字眼把問題重復(fù)一遍。 對(duì)方若是既未明確接受你，又未明確表示回絕，你就問： “ 請(qǐng)問我什么時(shí)候能知道面試結(jié)果 ?” 你若是真的收到了讓你前去工作的信件，你切記要盡快寫封回信 (要保留復(fù)印件 )。 祝大家好運(yùn) ! (剩余 部分略 ) 完整版請(qǐng) QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 索取 五、 課后答案 （ 完整版 共 4.4 頁 ） Unit 1-A Exercises for the Text 閱讀理解 1 d all of the above 2 C decision making also means risk taking 3 C Alternatives， choice， decision 4 a is good for a large organization 5 d personal beliefs 從課文中找出下列詞語的同義詞 1 alternative 2。fundamental 3 accompany 4 implement 5 precedent 6 attain 7 objectives 8 vary 9 multiple l0 isolate 詞義搭配 1 C make decisions 2 d design programs 3 i solve problems 4 j survive accidents 5 g seize opportunities 6 e pursue studies 7 h attain goals 8 a earn money 9 f consume time l0 b pay debts 完形填空 One evening while my wife and I were entertaining our dinnerguests， our five-year-old daughter Debbie helped her mother serve dessert(甜食 ) Debbie brought the first slice of pie from the kitchen andplaced the plate in front of me.I politely passed it to the woman next tome Debbie put another slice of pie before me and again watched as Ipassed it to another guest “You might as well keep it， ”my daughtersaid Theyre all the same size 漢譯英 1 Decision makers should make a best guess at what the future will be 2 Some people suggest that everything a manager does involves decisions 3 If there is no right choice there is no right decision to be made 4 Solutions vary because different people define the same problem in different terms 5 A decision maker is usually the key to business development of a company。 Vocabulary Exercises 用所紿單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1 a be organized b organizational C organization 2 a simple b simplified C simply d simplification 3 a profit b profitable c profitability 4 a intention b intended c unintended 用下列單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1 precedent 2 skilled 3 achievement 4 implement 5 optimal 6 goal 7 accomplish 8 accompanies 9 tendency l0 ongoing 漢譯英 1 He was accompanied to the concert by his friends 2 He has argued her out of her decision 3 His success was due in part to luck 4 In accordance with his suggestion the procedure has been remarkably simplified 5 The broadcast station predicted that it would be colder tomorrow 6 Movement is defined as a change in position or place Unit 1-B Exercises for the Text 根據(jù)課文判斷正誤 1 T 2 T 3 F 4 F 5 F 6 F 7 F 8 F 9 F l0 T 根據(jù)課文填入所缺內(nèi)容 1 preparation， confidence 2 idea 3 unattractive indifference 4 hardworking，personality， interest 5 speechless 6 holidays， pay 7 clean， neat， conservative 8 the floor beside your chair 9 politely， naturally 10 Would you mind rephrasing the question， please Vocabulary Exercises 從課文 B 中找出與下列各句中劃線部分意義最相近的詞語 1 at a disadvantage 2 conservative 3 indifference 4 make sure 5 vague 6 clutched 7 turned down 8 to your advantage 9 clean and neat l0 prospects 11 take the trouble to 12 place Grammar Exercises 指出下列句中 as 的詞性及語法功能，并把句子譯成漢語 1 as 作連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 約翰雖然努力了，但還是一個(gè)詞也想不起來。 2 as 作連詞，引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。 哈利和他幾個(gè)弟兄一樣，長得異乎尋常地高。 3 as 作連詞，引導(dǎo)比較狀語從旬。 這兒有塊兒大石頭沒人能搬起來。 4 as 作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句。 他們和我持同樣的觀點(diǎn)。 5 as 作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。 外語無用論是錯(cuò)誤的，過去相當(dāng)一部分人就持此觀點(diǎn)。 6 as 作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。 如前所述，語法不是一套一成不變的規(guī)則。 7 as 作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。 海倫精神有點(diǎn)失常，她的同學(xué)都看得出來。 8 as作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。 以后你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，所有的事情現(xiàn)在都已安排妥當(dāng)。 9第一個(gè) as 作副詞，表示程度；第二個(gè) as 作連詞，表示比較。 她和妹妹舞跳得一樣好。 10第一個(gè) as 作副詞，表示程度；第二個(gè) as 作連詞，表示比較。 他們愛他，她也同樣愛他。 11 as 作連詞，引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。 他還沒有她年齡大。 12 as 作介詞，構(gòu)成介詞短語作狀語。 他小時(shí)候就參了軍。 13習(xí)語 as long as 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。 既然你在這里，我們何不討論一下我們的計(jì)劃呢 ?t4 as作連詞，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。 他根據(jù)自己的理解撰寫關(guān)于中國的文章。 15習(xí)語 as if 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。 他總是努力工作，好像從不知疲倦似的。 16 as 作連詞，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。 你怎么對(duì)待我，我就怎么對(duì)待你。17 as 作副詞，構(gòu)成狀語成分。 他是部門領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，也確實(shí)得簽這 份文件。 18 as 作介詞，構(gòu)成介詞短語作定語。 你要對(duì)整個(gè)工作負(fù)責(zé)。 19 as 作介詞，構(gòu)成介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 他們認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)了不起的人。20 as 作介詞，構(gòu)成介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 這怎么能說成是缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)?? 把 as 插入下列各句。注意正確使用大小寫 1 Can you throw a stone as far as the tree?2 As regards that matter I have no objection 3 As to his mother I know nothing about her 4 As for you， I will never want to see you again 5 She does not own him as her own husband 6 He is a guest， and we should receive him as such 7 I as well as you dont lie 8 As is the teacher So is the pupil 9 Badly wounded as he was， he never lost hope 10 Child as he is， he can tell right from wrong 11 As he was ill I went there alone 12 He reached out his hand as though he were trying to catch something 13 You had better manage the business as before 14 We must study as long as we are alive 15 He has put his energy into literature - the same as his sisters have put theirs into music 16 They dont love him So much as she 17 He spoke so loudly as to be heard by all in the classroom 18 As is often the case the girl forgot to bring her dictionary 19 They are doing the same work as I did last year 20 We have never doubted the honesty of so good a man as you are 用 as 把下列句子譯成英語 1 I have the same opinion as he 2 He was ill as other passengers 3 As was reported the man was knocked over by a car 4 He is not so foolish as to fail to understand that 5 He is not as strong as John 6 Spell the word as in American English 7 As I was speaking， I saw a dog lying on the lawn 8 Hard as he worked， he was not good at mathematics.9 As is the father， so is the son 10 He works as a teacher of English in a high school (剩余 部分略 ) 完整版請(qǐng) QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 索取 六、 單元測試題 （ 完整版 共 10.6 頁， 18 套 ） Unit 1 Vocabulary and Structure 從下列各句四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。 1 Franklins ability to learn from observations and experience _ greatly to his success in public life A owed B contributed C related D attached 2 She did not go there with them， as she felt she was _ A by the way B in no way C in the way D in a way 3 His words and expression suggested that he _ satisfied with the answer A was B should C be D is 4 The handwriting is difficult to _ A read B be read C reading D being reading 5 The importance of multiple objectives is also based _ ， on the values of the decision maker A in ahead B in hand C in part D on the part 6 They wrote a letter of thanks to _ had helped them A who B whom C whomever D whoever 7 Toms fluent English gives him an advantage _ other boys for the job A above B with C than D over 8 He tried to join the army but was _ because of his poor health A turned over B turned on C turned down D turned back 9 We made plans for a visit but _ difficulties with the car prevented it A subordinate B subsequent C afterward D consequent 10 He has no word to say this matter A as for B as to C as since D as far as Word Spelling 將下列漢語單詞譯成英語。作為提示，每個(gè)單詞的詞類、首字母及用短線表示的其余字母數(shù)均已給出。 1完成，實(shí)現(xiàn) v. a _ 2后果，結(jié)果 n. c _ 3目標(biāo)，目的 n o _ 4定義，解釋 n d _ 5現(xiàn)象 n. P _ 6伴隨，陪同 v. a _ 7識(shí)別 v i _ 8趨勢 n. t _ 9社區(qū)；共同體 n c _ 10保守的；保存的 adj. e _ 11預(yù)言；預(yù)示 v. P _ 12計(jì)劃；方案 n s _ 13熟練的；有技能的 adj. s _ 14達(dá)到；完成 v. a _ 15當(dāng)前的 adj. c _ 16面試；面談 n i _ 17展望，景象 n P _ 18個(gè)性；人格 n P _ 19澄清；闡明 n e _ 20批評(píng)；評(píng)論 n c _ Word Form 將括號(hào)中的各詞變?yōu)檫m當(dāng)形式填入空白。 1 If he should fail， we _ (courage)him to try again 2 She stood up _ (see)better 3 He spent a _ (profit)afternoon in the library 4 For the sake of _ (simple)。 the tax form is divided into three sections 5 Her _ (cold)of manner and apparent aloofness distressed him greatly 6 When Bobs father died。 he、 received many peoples help and _ (sympathetic) 7 These people remain _ (isolate)from the outside society even nowadays 8 As the wages were low， there were few _ (apply)for this position 9 We _ (object)to accepting his advice 10 They filed downstairs with the job _ (accomplish) Cloze Test 卞面短文有 10 個(gè)空白。每個(gè)空白有四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)上下文要求選出最佳答案。 Your purpose，as a student， should be to master all your subjects To do 1 is necessary to work steadily throughout the year， not just in the last few weeks before your examinations Keep up-to-date with course work week 2 week so that you have time to think about each subject， to undertake background reading， and to learn as you go along. If your days and weeks are 3 organized， you should be up-to date with your studies at the end of each week and therefore at the end of each 4 You can then use each vacation， depending upon its 5 ， as an opportunity for a short break from your studies-for a few days in a short vacation or for two or three weeks in a long vacation But remember that college vacations are not intended to be holidays 6 should they be devoted entirely to paid employment Most full-time students spend a little more than half of each year at college In vacations， therefore， allocate many hours to active study to keep each subject 7 in your mind and to build upon the foundations laid at college Do not waste time Without planning at the start of each vacation， and 8 self-discipline every day， you may find that the time slips away and you achieve little or 9 You can easily lose an hour by getting up late， then lose another reading a newspaper or magazine after breakfast， and so on Instead， 10 positive： regard each vacation as an opportunity for revision， consolidation， and background reading， as well as for recreation， so that you comer to feel that you know your subjects and are well prepared for the next terms work 1 A this B it C this it D it this 2 A by B after C for D and 3 A full B well C high D such 4 A term B day C course D subject 5 A period B 1ength C shape D value 6 A No B Not C None D Nor 7 A 1ive B 1ived C alive D Nor 8 A exceeding B executing C exercising D exciting 9 A anything B everything C something D nothing 10 A be B being C been D to be Reading Comprehension 閱讀下面 短文。從短文的問題后所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。 If a business is to be started funds must first be obtained from some source The money may come from the would-be businessmans personal savings or it may be borrowed from a bank Whatever the source， the money has to be obtained and， when it has obtained， it must be properly handled When a business has been formed， a number of important decisions will have to be made， such as what premises are to be used and， for a manufacturing concern， what plant and machinery will be needed Then a supplier has to be found， from whom the materials needed for manufacturing the product-the raw materials-will be obtained， and the terms of credit will have to be agreed Then there are a number of other decisions to be made， such as how many people are to be employed and what equipment they will need， how many telephones are to be installed， etc. And all of these will require financing Once these decisions have been made，交流學(xué)習(xí) 共同進(jìn)步 更多資料索取請(qǐng) QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 it will be necessary to implement them and start the manufacturing process as soon as possible Until the business has a product for which there is a demand， and has succeeded in selling that product， there will be a continuous drain from the pool of money If the business finances are not properly managed， it may well disappear altogether The successful integration of people and materials requires good management and the more effectively this is done， the better for the business 1 In the authors opinion， what is the first thing you need if you want to start up a new business? A A manager B Money C A supplier D A market 2 A would-be businessman is one who _ A used to be a businessman B is engaged in business C intends to do business as his career D has saved a large amount of money for business 3 Mentioned in the second paragraph are _ examples of decisions to be made when a business has been formed A four B five C six D seven 4 Why is it good to start production as soon as possible? A In order to begin earning money B To meet the demand of the customers C To supply the market with the products D To have a continuous drain from the pool of money 5 The best title for the passage would be _ A How to Make Money B HOW to Make a Decision C How to Start Up a Business D A Guide to Good Management Translation from Chinese into English 將下面的句子譯成英語。 1這種事情因人而異。 2對(duì)管理者來說，每次決策都受到政策、程序、法律、慣例等因素的制約。 3我們想知道是誰把人定義為理性動(dòng)物的。 4從系統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)看，問題的產(chǎn)生有很多種原因，決策既有預(yù)期的結(jié)果，也有意料之外的結(jié)果。 5他們充分利用了旅館的設(shè)備。 Translation from English into Chinese 將下面短文譯成漢語。 Decision making is choosing But decision making requires you to think about what you are doing Decision making involves choosing from a number of alternatives what will be best for you Decision making is knowing when you need to make a choice Some choices are made frequently， and how they turn out does not make much difference Other choices can have very important results How they turn out can make a difference now and sometimes can even change the future For this kind of serious decision making， you will want to be as informed as possible You will want to be sure enough of your choice so that you will know what the consequences are likely to be for yourself arid for others involved Decisions are not made in a vacuum They are made within a frame work of values， goals， standards，resources， and priorities Values give meaning to your decisions Goals give them direction Standards offer you a basis for comparison and a guide for adjusting values and goals Resources make it possible to reach goals Priorities enable you to rank values， goals，standards， and resources in their order of importance to you Together they form your framework for decision making 參考答案 Vocabulary and Structure 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 C 6 D 7 D 8 C 9 B 10 B Word Spelling 1 accomplish 2 consequence 3 objective 4 definition 5 phenomenon 6 accompany 7 identify 8 tendency 9 community 10 conservative 11 predict l2 scheme 13 skilled l4 attain l5 current 16 interview l7 prospect l8 personality 19 clarification 20 criticism Word Form 1 would encourage 2 to be seen 3 profitable 4 simplicity 5 coldness 6 sympathies 7 isolated 8 applicants 9 object 10 accomplished Cloze Test 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 B 6 D 7 C 8 C 9 D 10 A V Reading Comprehension 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 C Translation from Chinese into English 1 This sort of thing varies from person to person 2 For managers，every decision has constrains based on policies ， procedures， laws， precedents， and the like 3 We wonder who defined man as a rational animal 4 From a systems point of view， problems have multiple causes and unintended consequences 5 They took full advantage of the hotels facilities Translation from English into Chinese 決策即選擇，但決策要求考慮人們的所作所為。決策是從若干可選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳方案。決策要了解何時(shí)需要選擇。有些選擇經(jīng)常發(fā)生，最后結(jié)果如何，無關(guān)緊要。但有些選擇的結(jié)果非常重要，可能影響到現(xiàn)在，甚至?xí)淖兾磥?。?duì)于后果嚴(yán)重的決策，要盡可能有清楚的了解。對(duì)自己的選擇要有充分把握，使其后果有利于自己和有關(guān)的他人。決策不是憑空做出的，它有一定的框架，其中包括價(jià)值觀、目標(biāo)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、資源和選擇的優(yōu)先次序等。價(jià)值觀賦于決策以意義， 目標(biāo)決定決策的方向。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是比較決策優(yōu)劣的依據(jù)，對(duì)調(diào)整價(jià)值觀和目標(biāo)起導(dǎo)向作用。資源使目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)成為可能。優(yōu)先次序使價(jià)值觀、目標(biāo)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和資源能按其重要性進(jìn)行排序。所有這些因素綜合起來形成決策的框架。 (中間部分略 ) 完整版請(qǐng) QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 索取 Unit 15 Vocabulary and Structure 從下列各旬四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。 1 The computer _ down the fences around the practical intelligence A turns B pulls C throws D gets 2 There may be a tendency to mistake data _ wisdom A with B for C to D into 3 Easy and convenient acres to facts can produce unlimited good only if it is matched by the desire and ability to find out _ they mean， and _ would lead A what，which B that， where C what， where D which， where 4 If we begin _ certainties we shall end _ doubts A from， in B with， with C in， in D with，in 5 The poet reminds men _ their uniqueness A with B of C up D for 6 There will be efforts to bring women into fields such as engineering that have traditionally been _ “male” A classified B considered C fixed D set 7 Instead， the battle cry for _ will be the demand for performance and accountability A the90s B the 90s C the 90s D the 90s 8 For 30 years， employers have been hiring graduates for their de grees _ their abilities A more than B other than C different than D rather than 9 _ English， he has to study Japanese as a foreign language A except B beside C in addition to D rather than 10 _ a few babies learn to walk by the age of two and to talk by the age of three A All but B Nothing but C None but D All of Word Spelling 將下列漢語單詞譯成英語。作為提示，每個(gè)單詞的詞類、首字母及用短線表示的其余字母數(shù)均已給出。 1單獨(dú)地 ad s _ 2跳躍 v l _ 3堅(jiān)持，固執(zhí) v P _ 4豐富 n P _ 5生命的 a v _ 6邏輯學(xué) n l _ 7估價(jià)，評(píng)價(jià) v e _ 8生的，未加工的 a r _ 9最后的 a u _ 10遮掩 v o _ 11過度的，過分的 a u _ 12具體的 a c _ 13征服 v c _ 14貧瘠的，無菌的 a s _ 15證據(jù) n P _ 16具有，擁有 v P _ 17缺乏的，稀有的 a s _ 18促進(jìn)，提升 n P _ 19畢業(yè)文憑 n d _ 20使結(jié)合 v i _ Word Form 將括號(hào)中的各詞變?yōu)檫m當(dāng)形式填入空白。 1 Electronic brains can reduce the profusion of dead ends _ (involve)in vital research 2 Facts are terrible things if _ (1eave)spreading and unexamined 3 The computer knows how _ (conquer)error 4 Men were challenged by error and would not stop _ (think)and exploring until they found better approaches 5 The _ (special)expresses only the particular 6 The poet can help to supply the subconscious with material to enhance its _ (sensitive) 7 Competition and _ (choose)are already beginning to infiltrate the school system 8 The examinations would test the knowledge and abilities of graduates _ (apply)for jobs 9 The greatest challenge to education is likely _ (come)from our new opportunities for diversity 10 The _ (continue)professional education of highly schooled adults may be the fastest growing industry Cloze Test 下面短文有 10 個(gè)空白。每個(gè)空白有四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)上下文要求選出最佳答案。 Early childhood education is a fairly new field， although it has old roots For a long time， people believed that 1 important happened in a childs early years and that young children were not ready to learn 2 they entered formal schooling at the age of six It was accepted that all children needed before they were of school age Was a home 3 their physical needs were met Even after Freud revealed that important emotional development occurs in the early years， society 4 in the idea that anyone who worked with children under six was “only babysitting”， a 5 that you occasionally still hear today Recent research on the importance of the early years has shown that early experience has a great impact 6 all areas of a childs development and has suggested that the childs 7 teacher is an extremely important person in the childs life 8 ，there is a gap between research and practice Programs for children under five are still privately 9 for the most part A few states provide some preschool programs， but federal support for early childhood education is largely 10 to programs for low-income families and even these programs have been subject to federal budget cuts 1 A something B anything C nothing D everything 2 A since B until C because D once 3 A that B which C when D in which 4 A neglected B suspected C insisted D Persisted 5 A proverb B statement C phrase D complaint 6 A on B of C for D at 7 A own B first C next D 1ast 8 A Yes B No C So D Yet 9 A run B 1eft C moved D sent 10 A 1imited B reduced C added D united Reading Comprehension 閱讀下面短文，從短文的問題后所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。 What can parents do if their son or daughter is obviously in a poor school but that is all there is available? This is a fairly standard problem， but there is no standard answer to it The first thing to say is that parents should be very sure of their ground before concluding that all their problems are located in the school For example， poor marks for a student with good ability do not necessarily denote a poor school All they really say is that the pupil is not responding to his teachers and that the teachers have said so in the marks they have given him， which is what would be expected in a standard school situation The trouble may be anywhere-the home， the maturity of the student，his health， his program， or in one or more of the teachers If it were centered entirely in the school， it might even be hard to detect， for a poor school may give good marks to all students good and bad But assuming that parents are sure of themselves， the first step is to see what can be done in the school itself It is rare that a school is all bad， and if some bright spots can be located，then there is the possibility of improvement， particularly if the community will support it Beyond this community approach， parents themselves might undertake to supply the needed extra instruction If they cant do this systematically， they can at least be sure that the student has all the home can provide him in the way of study materials reference works， and books to read， and they can encourage him to teach himself Still another method would be to take correspondence courses， which in nearly all states are available through one of the state universities or colleges There are also the courses now being offered on television Private tutoring is another possibility In other words， the parents can and must improve the situation， and should not just sit back and moan over the school The student can still study if he wants to， and the results will show up in his interest and preparation eyen if they dont show up in his marks 1 What is the authors attitude towards the “poor school” problem? A Where there are poor students， there may be a poor school B There is absolutely no such a concept whatsoever as “poor school” C There may be a so called poor school， but it needs to be justified D There are people who are poor but there are no schools which are really poor 2 What does the word “ground” refer to in this context (see Para graph 2)? A The family position B The reason for saying something C The area for a special purpose D The motivation for doing something 3 Why may a good student get poor marks? A He is not really a good student B It is the parents that are to blame C It is on the part of the teacher that accounts for D There is not a simple， straightforward answer 4 If there is some problem about the quality of the school，you may， as the author suggested， _ A shift your son to a better school B ask the community for help C encourage your son to stay home and teach himself D go to school undertaking the extra instruction 5 In addition to education at school， which of the following ways of extra instruction that seems popular in China but is not mentioned in the passage? A Courses are offered on television B Courses are taught through correspondence C Private tutors are employed D Children are tutored by their parents Translation from Chinese into English 將下面的句子譯成英語。 1人們會(huì)把電腦作為智力的替代物，麗不是智力的延伸。 2人們受到錯(cuò)誤的挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)，不愿停止思考和探索，直到發(fā)現(xiàn)好的解決辦法。 3詩人可以幫助我們?yōu)闈撘庾R(shí)提供材料，加強(qiáng)其敏銳度。 4現(xiàn)在，許多大的用人單位都要對(duì)求職畢業(yè)生進(jìn)行知識(shí)和能力兩方面的測試。 5競爭和選擇已開始滲透進(jìn)入學(xué)校系統(tǒng)。 Translation from English into Chinese 將下面短文譯成漢語。 What is a good education? Is it one that covers as much as possible of human history and achievements，past and present? Or one that gives graduates the ability to find employment promptly when they leave school? Is it a broad education or a specialized one? Should it provide students with a vast collection of facts， or merely train them to think? Should a future engineer gain only the knowledge that will enable him to do his job properly， or would a richer background improve his professional ability as well as his personal life? The debate goes on and on with good arguments on both sides In the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries， the question was not even worth asking A good education was， of course， a broad one based on the humanities(人文學(xué)科 ) An educated man knew “something about everything” He Was familiar with the great deeds and the great ideas of the past。 He had read extensively； he Was able to use his own language correctly and often elegantly He could join in any conversation about plants，planets， painters or politics He was at ease in the world，and he knew that his education would open to him any career that he might want to try Even if he was mostly interested in literature， he had some knowledge of the sciences and the techniques of his time 參考答案 Vocabulary and Structure 1 B 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 B 6 B 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 A Word Spelling 1 solely 2 1eap 3 persist 4 profusion 5 vital 6 logic 7 evaluate 8 raw 9 ultimate 10 obscure 11 undue l2 concrete 13 conquer l4 sterile l5 proof 16 Possess l7 scare l8 promotion 19 diploma 20 integrate Word Form 1 involve 2 1eft 3 to conquer 4 thinking 5 specialist 6 sensitivity 7 choice 8 applying 9 to come 10 continuing Cloze Test 1 C 2 B 3 D 4 D 5 C 6 A 7 B 8 D 9 A 10 A Reading Comprehension 1 C 2 B 3 D 4 B 5 D Translation from Chinese into English 1 The computer may be regarded as a substitute for intelligence instead of an extension of it 2 When men were challenged by error they would not stop thinking and exploring until they found better solutions 3 The poet can help to supply the subconscious with material to enhance its sensitivity 4 Now many major employers ale testing the knowledge and abilities of graduates applying for jobs 5 Competition and choice are already beginning to infiltrate the school system Translation from English into Chinese 什么是良好的教育 ?是不是一種盡可能包羅我們的歷史和今昔成就的教育 ?或是一種使畢業(yè)生在離校后能馬上找到職業(yè)的教育 ?那是一種一般的教育還是專門教育 ?它應(yīng)該給學(xué)生提供大量收集來的事實(shí)，還是訓(xùn)練他們思考 ? 一個(gè)未來的工程師是否只應(yīng)該獲得能使他干好本職工作的知識(shí) ?更廣博的知識(shí)是否不僅會(huì)改善他的個(gè)人生活而且也可提高他的業(yè)務(wù)能力 ?這個(gè)問題至今爭論不休，雙方都 有充分的論據(jù)。在 l8、 19 世紀(jì)，這個(gè)問題甚至不值得一提。良好的教育當(dāng)然是基于人文學(xué)科的一般性教育。一個(gè)受過教育的人 “凡事都懂一點(diǎn) ”。他熟悉古代的偉大業(yè)績和思想，他博覽群書，能正確地使用他的語言，而且常常用得很高雅。他能參加任何關(guān)于植物、行星、畫家或政治的談話。他日子過得自在舒暢，知道他所受的教育會(huì)給自己開辟任何他想從事的事業(yè)的道路。他雖然對(duì)文學(xué)深感興趣，但也懂得一些科學(xué)知識(shí)和他那個(gè)時(shí)代的技術(shù)。 單元綜合測試題 (一 )(Units l 5) Vocabulary and Structure 從下列各句四 個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。并寫在答題紙的相應(yīng)括號(hào)內(nèi)。 1 Find out all you can about the job you are applying _ and the organization you hope to work for A for B to C by D with 2 The white rock groups freely took _ elements from jazz ， from American country music ， and other sources A on B over C to D up 3 _ average， about 5000 a year is spent on each private school pupil， more than twice the amount spent on state school students A By B On C In D For 4 At the end of l994 the British Government introduced new measures to help _ domestic workers from abuse by their employers A inspect B expect C suspect D protect 5 Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space _ which matter has fallen and _ which nothing can escape A towardstowards B throught hrough C intofrom D out offrom 6 Often managers must make a best guess _ what the future will be A of B for C at D to 7 If you are not definitely accepted or turned _ on the spot， ask： “When may I expect to hear the results of this inter view?” A down B up C in D out 8 And in studio recordings， new techniques made possible effects that not even on electronic band could produce _ A 1ively B 1iving C 1ived D 1ive 9 We can see from his notebooks how he worked over his themes-how he would not let them _ until they were as perfect as he could make them A be B being C been 交流學(xué)習(xí) 共同進(jìn)步 更多資料索取請(qǐng) QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 D is 10 The maid was executed after being convicted _ murder， despite protests from various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established A for B with C of D by Cloze Test 下列短文中有十個(gè)空白，每個(gè)空白有四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)上下文要求選出最佳答案。并寫在答題紙的相應(yīng)括號(hào)內(nèi)。 The Deaf Musician When people treat you with love ， kindness ， and understanding ， you develop good feelings about yourself You have a 11 serf-image When people ignore，mistreat， or reject you， you tend to develop bad feelings about yourself At such times your self-image is negative No 12 how you feel about yourself， there is another “you” This is the person you show l3 your public image People react to what they see to your appearance and l4 They cannot react to your thoughts and feelings and how you really are inside There is also a third “you” You have l5 is called an ideal image An ideal image is the person you would like to be and would like other people to see Your self-image， your public image， and your ideal image are pieces of the complex puzzle of personality An integrated， or l6 ， personality is the result of the long and sometimes painful process of growing up At different stages of life peoples identifies change 17 ， you probably now aye putting your identity as a child behind you and developing the identity of a young adult All your previous identities will l8 to your new sense of serf You can fit all these pieces into a satisfying whole To do this inv(fives effort and decision making 19 on thinking and reasoning Remember，though， that this is not a one-time process As with your other needs， it is ongoing Everyone， 20 of age， is continually working toward becoming what her or his idea is of a stable， whole person 11 A standard B positive C negative D wrong 12 A interest B love C matter D problem 13 A friends B audiences C people D others 14 A behavior B thought C feeling D understanding 15 A seen B one C other D what 16 A all B whole C full D part 17 A In addition B In general C For example D On the average 18 A contribute B.introduce C affect D influence 19 A focused B depended C acted D based 20 A instead B independent C regardless D because Reading Comprehension 閱讀下列短文。并從下列每篇短文的問題后所給的四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，并寫在答題紙的相應(yīng)括號(hào)內(nèi)。 Passage One Hollywood is a suburb of the city of Los Angeles in California Until 1908 it was no more than a quiet village on the northern side of the city， but in that year William Selig， one of the first people to make films， set up a film-producing workshop in Los Angeles By l911 David and William Horsely had set up another one in Hollywood， and at about the same time oil was discovered in the neighborhood Thus Hollywood quickly became a big district given over to the film industry and to oil wells The early makers of films found Hollywood a good place for their work because of its clear， sunny，rain free Weather， which allowed pictures to be taken all the year round Also， it was known that every kind of scene needed for films， whether town， country， sea, desert or snowcapped mountains， could be found within the area of California Today when most films can be “shot” under cover by man-made lighting these advantages are not so important In spite of a drop in its importance，Hollywood remains a center of film production although now making more films for television than for the cinema 21 At the beginning of this century Hollywood A was famous for its film industry B became one of the biggest cities in California C had only a small population D became a suburb of Los Angeles 22 Films could be taken all the year round in Hollywood because _ . A of the fine weather and varied scenery there B there were snow-capped mountains and the sea C oil was discovered in California D it was in the suburbs 23 The main idea of this passage is that A Hollywood is becoming less advantageous than before B Hollywood makes more television films than cinema films C Hollywood is famous for both its oil industry and film industry D Hollywood has been the most important film production place since early this century Passage Two Football is， I believe， the most popular game in England：one has only to go to one of the important matches to see this Rich and poor， young and old， one can see them all there， shouting for one side or the other To a stranger，one of the most surprising things about football in England is the great knowledge of the game which even the smallest boy seems to have He can tell you the names of the players in most of the important teams He has pictures of them and knows the results of large numbers of matches He will tell you who he expects will win such and such a match， and his opinion is usually as good as that of men three or four times his age Most schools in England take football seriously-much more seriously than nearly all European schools， where lessons are all that are important， and games are left for the children themselves In England， it is believed that education is not only a matter of filling a boys mind with facts in the classroom ， education also means the training of characters； and one of the best ways of training character is by means of games， especially team games， where the child has to learn to work with others for his team， instead of working for himself alone The school therefore plans games and matches for its pupils Football is a good team game It is good both for the body and the mind That is why it is every schools game in England 24 At football matches， people often _ one team or the other by shouting A beat C win over B laugh at D support 25 In almost all European countries ， lessons are _ A left for the children themselves B what the children like the most C is important as football games D considered the most important 26 In England， education means _ A filling the boys mind with stories B more than the teaching of knowledge C the teaching of knowledge only D training character by means of football games Passage Three All that we really need to plot out the future of our universe are a few good measurements This does not mean that we can sit down today and outline the future course of the universe with anything like certainty There are still too many things we do not know about the way the universe is put together But we do knowledge， and we have a pretty good idea of how to go about getting it Perhaps the best way to think of our present situation is to imagine a train coming into a switchyard(調(diào)車場 ) All of the switches(轉(zhuǎn)轍器 )are set before the train arrives， so that its path is completely determined Some switches we can see， others we cannot There is not ambiguity if we can see the setting of a switch： we can say with confidence that some possible futures will not materialize and others will At the unseen switches， however， there is no such certainty We know the train will take one of the tracks leadingout， but we have no idea which one The unseen switches are the true decision points in the future， and what happens when we arrive at then determines the entire subsequent course of events When we think about the future of the universe， we can see out “track” many billions of years into the future， but after that there are decision points to be dealt with and possible fates to consider The goal of science is to reduce the ambiguity at the decision points and find the true road that will be followed 27 What does the author see as the function of the universes unseen “switches”? A They tell us which one of the tracks the universe will use B They enable us to alter the course of the universe C They give US information about the lunar surface D They determine which course the universe will take in the future 28 In Line 8 of Para 2 the word “track” could best be replaced by which of the following? A band B rails C path D sequence 29 For whom is the author probably writing this passage? A Train engineers B General audiences C Professors of statistics D Young children 30 Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the passage? A A statement illustrated by an analogy( 類比 ) B A hypothesis supported by documentation(引用文獻(xiàn) ) C A comparison of two contrasting theories D A critical analysis of a common assumption Word Spelling 將下列漢語單詞譯成英語。作為提示，每個(gè)單詞的詞類、首字母及字母數(shù)目均已給出。請(qǐng)將完整的單詞寫在答題紙上。 31交響曲 n s _ 32創(chuàng)造性的 a c _ 33音樂家 n m _ 34模仿者 n i _ 35馬戲團(tuán) n c _ 36發(fā)言人 n s _ 37統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué) n s _ 38移民的 a i _ 39任命，委任 v a _ 40安樂死 n e _ 41在全國范圍內(nèi) ad n _ 42議會(huì)，國會(huì) n P _ 43旋轉(zhuǎn) v r _ 44宇航員 n a _ 45使爆炸 v e _ 46密集度 n d _ 47投機(jī) v s _ 48個(gè)性 n P _ 49客觀的 a o _ 50伴隨 v a _ Word Form 將括號(hào)中的各詞變?yōu)檫m當(dāng)?shù)男问教钊肟瞻?。答案寫在答題紙 上。 51 What they will do is _ (make)prisoners more angry， more hostile 52 Almost everything a manager does _ (involve)decisions ， indeed ， some suggest that the management process is decision making 53 Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while the _ (simplify)edition is quite easy 54 Einsteins relativity theory is the only one which can explain such _ (phenomenon) 55 AU the parties _ (concern)will turn up at the meeting tomorrow 56 the committee demands that no members _ (be)absent 57 It is very _ (consider)of you to send me a birthday card 58 The secretary and headmaster of the school _ (be) present at the meeting 59 So if they do complain， they risk _ (deport) 60 The more we learn about other people， the _ (much) we understand their ideas Translation from Chinese into English 將下列各句譯成英語并將答案寫在答題紙上。 61決策者應(yīng)該能夠?qū)碜龀鲎詈玫耐茰y。 62如果我們認(rèn)識(shí)了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。 63安樂死的確能解除臨終病人的痛苦。 64據(jù)估計(jì)在英國工作的外籍家庭傭人有兩萬多人。 65現(xiàn)代音樂很注意觀眾和聽眾的參與。 Translation from English into Chinese 將下列短文譯成漢語并將答案寫在答題紙上。 Not a Gold Mine Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently A new machine called “The Revealer” has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground The machine was used in a cave near the sea-shore where-it is said-pirates used to hide gold The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it Armed with the new machine， a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground Very excited， the party dug a hole two feet deep They finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless the party then searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty tin trunk In spite of this many people are confident that “The Revealer” may reveal something of value fairly soon 參考答案 Vocabulary and Structure 1 A 2 B 3 B 4 D 5 C 6 C 7 A 8 D 9 A l0 C Cloze Test 11 B l2 C l3 D l4 A l5 D 16 B l7 C l8 A l9 D 20 C Reading Comprehension 21 C 22 A 23 C 24 D 25 D 26 B 27 D 28 C 29 B 30 C Word Spelling 31 symphony 32 creative 33 musician 34 imitator 35 circus 36 spokesman 37 statistics 38 immigrant 39 appoint 40 euthanasia 41 nationwide 42 parliament 43 revolve 44 astronaut 45 explode 46 density 47 speculation 48 personality 49 objective 50 accompany Word Form 51 make 52 involves 53 simplified 54 phenomena 55 concerned 56 (should)be 57 considerate 58 was 59 being deposed 60 more Translation from Chinese into English 61 Decision makers should make a best guess at what the future will be 62 Black holes wouldnt be so intimidating if we understand them 63 Euthanasia can really relieve dying patients from their suffering 64 There are estimated to be more than 20000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain 65 The modern music stresses the audiences participation in the performance Translation from English into Chinese 并非金礦 近來，找到了失去財(cái)寶的夢想幾乎成了 現(xiàn)實(shí)。一臺(tái)新的名叫 “顯寶器 ”的機(jī)器已被發(fā)明用來探尋埋在地下的黃金。這臺(tái)機(jī)器曾在海岸附近的一個(gè)山洞里用過，據(jù)說海盜過去常常在那里藏金子，海盜們總是在這個(gè)洞里埋金子，而后來又沒能拿走。帶著這臺(tái)新機(jī)器，一個(gè)探索隊(duì)開進(jìn)了山洞，希望能找到埋藏的金銀財(cái)寶。這個(gè)隊(duì)的領(lǐng)隊(duì)在檢查靠近洞口處的土壤時(shí)，機(jī)器顯示出地底下有黃金。他們十分興奮，挖了一個(gè)兩英尺深的坑。最后總算找到了一枚小金幣，但幾乎一文不值。接著他們徹底搜索了這個(gè)洞穴，但除了一個(gè)空鐵皮箱之外，什么都沒找到。盡管如此，許多人相信這臺(tái) “顯寶器 ”可能不久揭示一些有價(jià)值的東西 。 單元綜合測試題 (二 )(Units 6-10) (中間部分略 ) 完整版請(qǐng) QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 索取 單元綜合測試題 (三 )(Units 11-15) (中間部分略 ) 完整版請(qǐng) QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 索取 七、 模擬試卷 （ 完整版 共 4 頁， 4 套 ） 模擬試卷 (一 ) PART ONE Vocabulary and Structure(10 points 1 point for each item) 從下列各句四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，并在答題紙上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。 1 It is difficult to the implication between the lines A get to B get with C get at D get down 2 The volleyball match was televised _ on CCTV A alive B 1ire C 1ive D 1ively 3 The newspaper will have to close down if it cannot increase its _ considerably A distribution B contribution C presc6ption D circulation 4 The central theatre has a seating _ of more than 3000 people A capability B capacity C ability D facility 5 The furniture in her bedroom is quite different from in the living room A that B it C one D which 6 Because of the bad weather， me sports meet had to be _ A shut down B done away C taken off D called off 7 Jenny complained that the hospital _ her too much for the treatment A expended B paid C cost D charged 8 Having decided to rent a flat， we _ contacting housing agencies in the city A set about B set down C set out D set up 9 The book fair has received a positive _ from readers A result B response C settlement D solution 10 If the operation _ carefully prepared， it would not have been successful A was not B has not been C had not been D were not Cloze Test(10 points， 1 point each) 下列短文中有十個(gè)空白。每個(gè)空白有四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)上下文要求選出最佳答案，并在答題紙上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。 T he basic principle of radar is illustrated by what happens when one shouts in a cave The echo of the shouting 11 the walls helps a person determine the size of the cave With radar，however， the waves are radio waves instead of 12 waves Radio waves travel 13 the speed of light， about 300000 kilometers in a second A radar set 14 a short burst of radio waves Then it receives the echoes 15 when the waves bounce(反射 )off objects By determining the time it 16 for the echoes to return to the radar set a trained technician 17 determine the distance between the radar set and other objects T he word “radar”， 18 ， 9ets its name from the term “radio detection and ranging ”“Ranging” is the term for detection of the 19 between an object and the tadar set Besides being of critical importance to pilot radar is 20 for air traffic control， for tracking ships at sea， and for tracking weather systems and storms 11 A through B for C on D against 12 A sound B 1ight C heat D tide 13 A in B at C over D on 14 A sends out B works out C figures out D puts out 15 A producing B produced C produce D produces 16 A spends B takes C kills D makes 17 A can B must C ought to D has to 18 A in case B in turn C in short D in fact 19 A 1ength B width C distance D space 20 A eventual B internal C external D essential Reading Comprehension(30 points， 2 points for each item) 從下列每篇短文的問題后所給的四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。并在答題紙上將相應(yīng)的字母涂黑。 Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage Among the company was a lawyer， a young man of about twentyfive On being asked his opinion， he said， “Capital punishment and life imprisonment are equally immoral If I were to make a choice between them， I would rather choose the latter Anyway， its better to live than not to live at all ” A lively discussion followed A banker， who was then younger and more nervous than the lawyer，suddenly lost his temper and cried out， “Its a lie I bet you two millions You wouldnt stick in a cell even for five years ” “If you mean it， ”replied the young lawyer，“I bet Ill stay there longer： make it fifteen instead of five ” “Fifteen! Done!” cried the banker “Gentleman，I bet you two millions ” “Agreed Two millions for my freedom， ”said the lawyer S o this wild， ridiculous bet came to pass The banker could not hide his excitement During supper he said to the lawyer jokingly， “Come to your senses， young man， before its too late Two millions are nothing to me， but you stand to lose three or four of the best years of your life I say three or four because youll never stick it out any longer Dont forget that voluntary imprisonment is much harder to put up with than an enforced one The idea that you have the right to free yourself any moment will poison your life in 交流學(xué)習(xí) 共同進(jìn)步 更多資料索取請(qǐng) QQ： 67460666 TEL： 137 8381 6366 the cell I pity you ” And now the banker， pacing from comer to corner， recalled all this and asked himself，“Why did I make this bet? Whats the good7 The lawyer lost fifteen years of his life and I threw away two millions Will it convince people that capital punishment is worse or better than imprisonment for life? No， no! Rubbish I on my part， it was the caprice(心血來潮 )of a well fed millionaire： on the lawyers part， its the pure greed of gold ” 21 The lawyer would choose life imprisonment because _ A he was younger than the banker B capital punishment was immoral C it was better than capital punishment D the banker would give him $200000 22 The author considers the bet between the lawyer and the banker _ . A interesting B ridiculous C capricious D instructive 23 The word company in the first paragraph refers to _ . A companions B bankers C 1awyers D prisoners 24 The banker was extremely excited because _ A he was too rich to care for the money B he was sure of his winning the bet C the lawyer would give up in l5 years D the lawyer would give up before 5 years 25 In the end the banker considers his bet with the lawyer _ . A rational B reasonable C beneficial D unreasonable Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage Online learning is also called distance education， which helps students who take classes by computer over the Internet to learn certain courses and earn a degree And it has become more and more popular with both young people and educational institutions T he School of Continuing and professional Studies of New York University in Manhattan began online classes in l992 Its Virtual School has taught more than l0000 students from across the United States and other countries Last year the school launched NYU Online It offers NYUs first online programs for a bachelors degree Programs are offered in three areas： leadership and management，information systems management and social sciences The classes are highly interactive， where students communicate with each other and their teachers Some classes require students to log in at the same time so they can attend live lectures by a professor Students can also ask questions and work together on team projects T he cost to attend NYU Online depends on how many classes a student is to take It costs as much as fifteen thousand dollars a year N YU offers no financial aid for international students in this program If you are interested in the program， you can get more details at the website： M any other schools， too， offer online education Students should be especially careful of programs that offer a degree in return for little or no work These are known as diploma mills， and are illegal in the United States Educational advisers also say that before you enter any program， make sure the work will be recognized in your country You should also make sure the schools you are considering are officially approved 26 The third paragraph is mainly about the _ of the programs of the School A academic goal and system B Courses and learning mode C 1earning methods and classes D courses and requirements 27 It can be inferred from the passage that international students in the programs _ A get full scholarship B pay no tuition C get no financial support D earn more money 28 Many American schools offer online programs， and international students _ A should be careful of being cheated B are certain to earn a degree C should know about programming D are faced with many difficulties 29 The word work in the second line of the last paragraph most probably means _ A what a student has written at school B what a student has Learned at school C what a student has read at school D what a student has achieved academically 30 The payment for online programs of NYU is based on _ . A the number of classes a student attends B the number of students a professor instructs C the number of semesters a student spends D the number of presentations a student makes Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage An understanding of mans effect on the balance of nature is crucial (關(guān)鍵的 )to being able to find the appropriate remedial action It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction This is not true The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature Developing countries do have an effect on their environment ， but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole F or example， tropical forests are known to be essential to the balance of nature，yet we are destroying them at a great rate They are being cleared not to benefit the natives of that country， but to satisfy the needs of rich countries Central American forests are being destroyed for grassland to make pet food in the United States cheaper； in Papua New Guinea，forests are destro