中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法梳理 第13節(jié) 句子的種類課件.ppt

第十三節(jié)句子的種類,考點(diǎn)梳理,按交際用途，可分為四類：陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、感嘆句和祈使句。,考點(diǎn)梳理,考點(diǎn)1陳述句,1.概念：陳述一件事或表述一種看法。有肯定和否定兩種形式。2.否定句的結(jié)構(gòu)有四類：be動(dòng)詞后加not；其他助動(dòng)詞后加not，有have,has,had,will,shall,would,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；動(dòng)詞原形前加dont；動(dòng)詞三單形式前加doesnt,動(dòng)詞用回原形。,考點(diǎn)梳理,3.不帶not的否定句，即句中含有no(沒(méi)有)，noone,nobody(沒(méi)人)，nothing(沒(méi)有什么)，never(從來(lái)不)，little(少到幾乎沒(méi)有)，few(少到幾乎沒(méi)有)，neither(兩者都沒(méi)有)，nor(兩者都沒(méi)有)，none(一個(gè)也沒(méi)有)，seldom(很少)，hardly(幾乎不)。,考點(diǎn)1陳述句,考點(diǎn)梳理,疑問(wèn)句：提出問(wèn)題。有以下四種：一般疑問(wèn)句，特殊疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句，反意疑問(wèn)句。一、一般疑問(wèn)句1.構(gòu)成：be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分。2.回答：以yes作肯定回答，以no作否定回答。二、特殊疑問(wèn)句1.構(gòu)成：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。2.回答：針對(duì)特殊疑問(wèn)詞作答。,考點(diǎn)2疑問(wèn)句,考點(diǎn)梳理,3.【辨析】howlong&howoften&howsoon&howfarHowlonghaveyoulivedinZhuhai?Foraboutfourteenyears.HowsoonwillyourauntcometoZhuhai?Intwoweeks.HowoftendoyouwatchTV？Twiceaweek（一周兩次）.Howfarisitfromheretothenearestsupermarket?Abouttenminuteswalk(十分鐘的路程).,考點(diǎn)2疑問(wèn)句,考點(diǎn)梳理,【結(jié)論】Howlong:“多久時(shí)間”，針對(duì)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度提問(wèn)，回答用for/about+一段時(shí)間。Howsoon：“多久之后”，問(wèn)句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，回答用in+一段時(shí)間。Howoften:“多久一次”，針對(duì)頻率提問(wèn)。Howfar:“多遠(yuǎn)”，針對(duì)距離提問(wèn)。,考點(diǎn)2疑問(wèn)句,考點(diǎn)梳理,4.易用錯(cuò)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞。Whatisyouremailaddress?12345678.(此處不能用where提問(wèn))Whatisthepriceofthecoat?（=Howmuchisthecoat?）Its200yuan.Whatsubjectdoyoulikebest?Math.Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?Itsgreat.Whatisyouropinionaboutthefilm?Itsinteresting.Howdoyoulikethefilm?Itsterrific.,考點(diǎn)2疑問(wèn)句,考點(diǎn)梳理,Whosebookisoverthere?Itshers.Whatsyoursisterlike?Sheistallandbeautiful.（Whats）like?問(wèn)人或物怎樣）三、選擇疑問(wèn)句1.構(gòu)成：疑問(wèn)句+or+選擇部分。2.回答：從所給的選項(xiàng)中擇一回答或全盤(pán)否定后給出新的選項(xiàng)。四、反意疑問(wèn)句1.構(gòu)成：陳述句+簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句；前肯后否，前否后肯。,考點(diǎn)2疑問(wèn)句,考點(diǎn)梳理,(1)在反意疑問(wèn)句中，little,few,hardly,seldom,nobody,nothing表否定意義，問(wèn)句部分用肯定形式。Thereislittlefoodinthefridge,isthere?(2)在反意疑問(wèn)句中，否定前綴(un-,in-,im-,il-,dis-)和否定后綴(-less)表肯定意義，問(wèn)句部分用否定形式。Helooksunhappy,doesnthe?,考點(diǎn)2疑問(wèn)句,考點(diǎn)梳理,2.回答：根據(jù)事實(shí)回答，情況是肯定的就用肯定回答，情況是否定的就用否定回答，不受陳述句部分的肯定或者否定影響。如針對(duì)Shedidnttakepartinthesportsmeeting提問(wèn)。Shetookpartinthesportsmeeting,didntshe?No,shedidnt.Shedidnttakepartinthesportsmeeting,didshe?No,shedidnt.,考點(diǎn)2疑問(wèn)句,考點(diǎn)梳理,3.一些須熟記的固定搭配：Letsdosomething,shallwe?Letusdosomething,willyou?Dontdosomething,willyou?Dosomething,willyou?/wontyou?,考點(diǎn)2疑問(wèn)句,考點(diǎn)梳理,感嘆句通常由what,how引導(dǎo)，表示贊美、驚嘆、喜悅等感情。What修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞、副詞或者整個(gè)句子。1.What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+(主+謂)?。~可以是單數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞）Whatagoodboy(heis)！Whatgoodboys(theyare)!Whatgoodweather(itis)!,考點(diǎn)3感嘆句,考點(diǎn)梳理,考點(diǎn)3感嘆句,2.How+adj./adv.+(主+謂)！Howgoodtheboyis!Howgoodtheweatheris!3.How+句子！Howtimeflies!時(shí)間過(guò)得真快?。?考點(diǎn)梳理,考點(diǎn)4祈使句,祈使句通常用來(lái)表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議、或勸告等，主語(yǔ)省略。1.構(gòu)成：肯定句：動(dòng)詞原形/be動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭。否定句：Dont+動(dòng)詞原形/be動(dòng)詞2.肯定祈使句和否定祈使句的答語(yǔ)。Remembertobringyourhomeworktoschooltomorrow.OK,Iwill.Dontforgettobringyourhomeworktoschooltomorrow.OK,Iwont.,考點(diǎn)梳理,考點(diǎn)4祈使句,3.?？嫉膸硎咕涞膬蓚€(gè)句型。Dosth.,andyoull做某事，你就會(huì)Dosth.,oryoull做某事，否則