人教版八年級英語下冊unit 2 i'll help to clean up the city parks.短語、語法知識點匯總

一、必背短語Section A 部分1.清潔、打掃clean up2.使振奮、高興cheer up3.分發(fā)、散發(fā)give/ hand out4.過去、曾經(jīng)used to5.志愿去做某事volunteer to do6.提出，相出come up with7.推遲put off8.張貼；搭建put up9.打電話call up10.照顧，照料care for/look after/take care of11.在歲at the age of12.參與選拔；試用try out13.同時at the same time14.一個強烈的滿足感a strong feeling of satisfaction15.為而籌錢raise money for16.為發(fā)愁be worried aboutSection B 部分1.修理、裝飾fix up2.用光，用盡run out (of)3.（外貌/行為）像take after4.捐贈、贈送give away5.與相似be similar to6.建立；設立set up7.殘疾人disabled people 8.對有影響/作用make a difference to9.幫助某人擺脫困境help sb. out10.對感到興奮be excited about【教材內(nèi)容解析】Section A1. You could help to clean up the city parks. (P. 9)(1) help sb. with sth. 幫助某人某事翻譯：你能在家庭作業(yè)方面幫助我嗎？_ help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事翻譯：他常常幫助他媽媽做家務。_(2) clean up意為“打掃干凈”翻譯：Nancy, please clean up your room. _2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. (P. 9)cheer up意為“使開心, 使振作、振奮”，代詞用作賓語時，要當在cheer和up之間。翻譯：Cheer up! Everything will be OK. _ 3. The boy could give out food at the food bank. (P. 9)give out意為“分發(fā)、散發(fā)”，相當于hand out。翻譯：這有一些書。請把它們分發(fā)給同學們。 _4. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids. (P. 9)volunteer用作動詞，表示“義務做、自愿做”，后接不定式作賓語，volunteer to do sth.“志愿做某事”；作名詞，表示“志愿者”，為可數(shù)名詞。翻譯：Tom volunteered to help us. _5. Lets make some notices, too. (P. 10)also, too, as well與either都可以表示“也”，但是用法不同。also放在句中行為動詞前，be動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞之后。He also wants to go.too用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗號隔開。He wants to go, too.as well用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗號隔開。He wants to go as well.either用于否定句句末，句前不用逗號隔開。He doesnt want to go either6. We need to come up with a plan for the City park Clean-Up Day. (P. 10)come up with表示“相出、提出（主意或者想法）”。翻譯：或許他會提出一個好的主意。_7. Oh, what did they ask you to help out with? (P. 10)help out意為“幫忙分擔、幫某人擺脫困境”。翻譯：Bill helped me out when I was in trouble. _8. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. (P. 10)辨析：be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.與be used to do sth.辨析： used to do sth；be used to do sth；與 be /get used to doing sthused to do sth.過去常常做某事記憶口訣：used to do 常常過； be used to do 被用做； be used to doing 習慣做be used to do sth.被用來做某事be /get used to doing sth.習慣于做某事9. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. (P. 10)lonely作形容詞表示“孤獨的、荒涼的、偏僻的”；alone既可以作形容詞也可以作副詞，作形容詞時只能作表語，不能作定語。翻譯：He feels lonely at home himself. _翻譯：His grandfather was alone. _；alone是_詞。翻譯：Mr. Smith lives alone. _；alone是_詞。10. We should listen to them and care for them. (P. 10)care for意為“照顧、照料”，后接名詞或者代詞作賓語，相當于look after或者take care of。翻譯：她每天放學后照顧她的弟弟。 _11. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners faces. (P. 11)such用作形容詞，表示“這樣、如此”，用來修飾名詞，可以修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞。翻譯：Its such a nice day. _翻譯：I hope to have such delicious food every day. _12. She could read by herself at the age of four. (P. 11)at the age of表示“在歲時”，表示年齡。翻譯：He started school at the age of six. _13. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. (P. 11)try out for意為“參加選拔、爭取成為”。翻譯：Many boys tried out for the football team. _14. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time. (P. 12)at the same time意為“同時”。翻譯：你不能同時寫作業(yè)和看電視。_15. Our class is trying to.(P. 12) try to do sth. “盡力做某事”翻譯：醫(yī)生盡力挽救（save）生病的女孩。_ try doing sth. “嘗試做某事”翻譯：男孩嘗試彈鋼琴。_Section B1. I take after my mother. (P. 13)take after意為“長得像”。翻譯：Mary長得像她爸爸. _2. I fixed it up. (P. 13)fix up意為“修理”，代詞作賓語時，放在fix和up中間。翻譯：My computer doesnt work. Can you fix it up for me? _3. I gave it away. (P. 13)give away意為“捐贈、贈送”，還可以表示“泄露（秘密）”。翻譯：我的妹妹把她的衣服捐贈給了窮孩子們。 _4. Im similar to her. (P. 13)be similar to意為“與相似”，be similar in“在方面類似”。翻譯：Her ideas are similar to mine. _翻譯：The twins are similar in appearances. _5. I didnt keep it. (P. 13) keep sth. 保留某物翻譯：You can keep the book until the next weekend. _ keep doing sth. 一直做某事翻譯：The thief still kept stealing things after he went out of the prison（監(jiān)獄）. _ keep+adj. 保持翻譯：The girl eats a little to keep slim（苗條的）. _ keep sb./sth.+adj./介詞短語 保持某人/某物翻譯：We should keep the window open while we are asleep. _ keep sb. doing sth. 保持某人做某事翻譯：The mother kept the baby crying on the bed. _6. Who wrote the letter to Miss Li? (P. 14)write a letter to sb.=write sb. a letter=write to sb. “給某人寫信”翻譯：她正在給她父母寫信。_7. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. (P. 14)有些動詞后面接復合賓語時，常用it作形式賓語，而真正的賓語則由動詞不定式來擔當，并位于賓語補足語之后。常見的這樣的動詞有find，think，feel，make等。翻譯：I find it interesting to play computer games _翻譯：We all think it very difficult to finish the work in an hour. _8. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. (P. 14)make a difference to意為“對有影響、對起作用”，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞作賓語。翻譯：Changing schools made a difference to my life. _翻譯：The rain made no difference to the game. _9. Or imagine you cant walk or use your hands easily. (P. 14)imagine表示“想象”時，后常接動名詞或者從句作賓語。翻譯：You cant imagine how fast the player ran. _10. I cant use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me. (P. 14) bring表示“帶來”，強調(diào)從別的地方帶到說話的地方，常與副詞here連用；take表示“帶走”，強調(diào)從說話的地方帶去別的地方，常與副詞there連用；carry表示“搬、抬”，沒有方向性。翻譯：The students brought their homework to school in the morning and take them home after school. _11. She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog. (P. 14) train用作及物動詞，表示“訓練、培訓”，train sb./sth. to do sth.“訓練某人/某物做某事”。翻譯：They train the dogs to open the door. _12. After six months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers, I was able to bring him home. (P. 14) be able to意為“能，會”，表示能力，與can同義。In the future, students will be able to study at home with the help of computers.【拓展】辨析：be able to與canbe able to強調(diào)通過努力而獲得的能力，而can強調(diào)自身已具有的能力。She can sing the song in English.He will be able to sing this song in English, too.【語法講解】動詞不定式一、 作主語為避免句子的頭重腳輕，常用it作為形式主語，而真正的主語動詞不定式后置。 常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth. 翻譯：_It takes sb. some time to do sth. 翻譯：_二、 作賓語動詞agree (同意)； offer (提出)； intend， plan (打算，計劃)； demand， ask (要求)； promise (答應)； help (幫忙)； prepare (準備)； decide (決定)； refuse (拒絕)；dare (敢于)； choose (選擇)； wish，hope，want， expect (希望，想要)； fail ；（不能；忘記）； pretend (假裝)； manage (設法)； determine