圖表類作文寫作方法.ppt

圖表類作文寫作方法,基礎(chǔ)寫作,Basic writing,此類題目基本不要求考生對寫作內(nèi)容進(jìn)行發(fā)揮，主要將所給信息用個句子完整準(zhǔn)確連貫的表達(dá)出來. 實(shí)際上就是翻譯，連詞成句，擴(kuò)句成文主要考查同學(xué)們?nèi)矫娴哪芰? 信息處理或整理的能力; 如信息之間能否合并為邏輯 關(guān)系或處理先后順序等 B. 組詞造句能力; 如內(nèi)容和語言表達(dá)的準(zhǔn) 確性和合適性 C. 連句成文能力; 信息內(nèi)容的完整性和連貫性,基礎(chǔ)寫作的特點(diǎn)：,審題 列要點(diǎn) 依要點(diǎn), 擬草綱, 組織成句. 構(gòu)篇章,擴(kuò)句成文. 檢查潤色 書寫,基礎(chǔ)寫作解題步驟：,2004 2007年人民飲食習(xí)慣變化表,1) 是以表格形式,將統(tǒng)計的數(shù)據(jù)或被說明的事物直接用表格形式體現(xiàn)出來.,側(cè)重于數(shù)據(jù)的排序。,圖表類作文的形式及特點(diǎn):,%,20,40,60,80,100,1995,2000,2005,State-owned,private,美國近年住房產(chǎn)權(quán)的變化情況,2)表示數(shù)據(jù)的大小或數(shù)量之間的差異的柱狀圖,側(cè)重于數(shù)據(jù)的對比.,近年來看電影與看電視的人數(shù)變化情況。,(a): Number of TV watchers (b): Number of film goers,Number of People (in thousands),A,B,3) 表示數(shù)據(jù)變化的曲線圖,側(cè)重數(shù)據(jù)的變化過程.,A Percentage of Average Family Expense in 2000,B Percentage of Average Family Expense in2007,Housing 25%,other 57%,Housing 32%,other 46%,Food drink 22%,Food drink 18%,4) 表示總體內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)變化的扇形圖。,2000與2007年平均家庭開支情況變化表.,側(cè)重內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)的變化.,第一、 開門見山地點(diǎn)明本圖表所反映的主題(1句) 第二、 分析描寫數(shù)據(jù)間的主要差異及趨勢(3句) 第三、 歸納總結(jié)或發(fā)表評論(1句),圖表作文的一般結(jié)構(gòu)：,前提: 結(jié)合寫作內(nèi)容.,1.The graph/chart/table above the above graph/chart, it can be seen that. 3. (正如) is shown in the graph, . 4. has been shown from the table that,第一步：,shows,From,As,It,圖表類說明文的寫作步驟,開門見山地點(diǎn)明本圖表所反映的主題, 即conclusion.,常使用的詞匯有:,（圖表/數(shù)據(jù)）：,table, chart, graph，figure（數(shù)據(jù)） ；,動詞：,describe， tell, show, represent ,常用句型：,第二步：分析數(shù)據(jù)間的主要差異及趨勢，然后描寫（在描寫數(shù)據(jù)間變化及總趨勢特征時，可采用分類式或?qū)Ρ仁揭灾С种黝}，并闡明必要的理由）。注意層次。 即 facts and reasons,增長/減少的表達(dá):,表示上升的動詞:,rise，increase，climb，go up , ；,表示上升的名詞:,rise，increase, ;,表示下降的動詞:,fall，decline，decrease，drop，go down, ;,表示下降的名詞:,fall，decline，decrease，drop, ；,表示平穩(wěn):,remain steady/unchanged,常用句型：（ Facts） 1.There was a great /slight increase /rise in 2.There has been a sudden/slow/rapid fall/drop in 3.The rate dropped slightly from 38%into 31% in 4. By comparison with,it decreased/increased/fell fromto 5. Statistics show a 20% rise/reduction in traffic accidents compared with last year. 6. The population owning mobile phones increased by 10% in 1999.,倍數(shù)的表達(dá):,five times as many as,doubled,four,more,1.The number /rate has nearly _ （是的兩倍）, as against that of last year. 2.The number is that of.（是的5倍) =The number is times than in(比多倍),Reasons: 1. The reason is that 2. One may think of the change as a of 3. The change in largely results _ the fact that .This brings the important fact that . .is the key (因素)in . It is because of _ ,result,why/for,from,out,factor,that,常用表達(dá)： in a ,/ in short,（簡而言之） / _ speaking（總的來說） 2. summary, it is important 3. From what has been discussed above, we can (得出結(jié)論）that 4. _（很明顯地）, if we want to, it is necessary _(毫無疑問) attention must be paid to I _(建議)the government take effective measures to _, I think(就我來看) the “golden week” should remain, for,Obviously/Apparently,draw the conclusion,In,word,generally,There is no doubt that,第三步：,suggest,Personally,歸納總結(jié)或發(fā)表評論。,2007年廣東高考基礎(chǔ)寫作真題回放,上周, 我們以 “誰是你的偶像” 為題, 在2600名學(xué)生的中進(jìn)行了一次調(diào)查( survey). 以下是調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù):,根據(jù)以上數(shù)據(jù), 寫一篇短文, 包括以下內(nèi)容; 調(diào)查時間, 調(diào)查問題以及調(diào)查對象 男女生在以明星為偶像方面的差異; “父母” 在男女生偶像中的排序差異; 男女聲在以偉人為偶像方面的異同; 你的偶像及理由 只能使用5個句子表達(dá)全部內(nèi)容; 文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確; 信息內(nèi)容完整; 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)連貫.,寫作內(nèi)容:,寫作要求:,評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):,確定類型 2. 確定體裁 3. 確定主體時態(tài) 4. 確定主體人稱,一、審題:(四確定),第三人稱,一般現(xiàn)在時,說明文,圖表型,我的偶像是, 因為.(選擇其中的一種的代表),二 列要點(diǎn),調(diào)查時間, 調(diào)查問題以及調(diào)查對象 2.男女生在以明星為偶像方面的差異; 3.“父母” 在男女生偶像中的排序差異; 4.男女生在以偉人為偶像方面的異同; 5.你的偶像及理由,上周, “誰是你的偶像”, 2600名學(xué)生,48%男生以體育明星為偶像, 50%女生以影視明星為偶像,“父母”在男生中排第4, 在女生中排第2.,18%男生以偉人為偶像, 18%女生以偉人為偶像.,三 依要點(diǎn), 擬草綱, 組織成句.,1. 上周,我們在2600名學(xué)生中做了個關(guān)于 “誰是你的偶像” 的調(diào)查. 2. 50%女生以影視明星為偶像, 而48%男生以體育明星為偶像. 3. “父母”在女生偶像中排列第二, 而在男生偶像中卻排列倒數(shù)第二. 4. 男生在選擇以偉人為偶像的百分比跟女生選擇的百分比一樣. 5. 我的偶像是, 因為.,1. 上周,我們在2600名學(xué)生中做了個關(guān)于 “誰是你的 偶像” 的調(diào)查. 2. 50%女生以影視明星為偶像, 而48%男生以體育明星為偶像. 3. “父母”在女生偶像列表中排列第二, 而在男生偶像列表中卻排列倒數(shù)第二. 4. 男生在選擇以偉人為偶像的百分比跟女生選擇的百分比的一樣. 5. 我的偶像是, 因為,Last week, we did a survey among 2,600 students on “Who is your idol”.,50% of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, but 48% of the boys choose sports stars.,“Parents” is the second in the girls list, but the second from the bottom in the boys list.,The percentage of the boys who choose “great figures” is the same as the percentage of the girls.,My idol is , because .,四 構(gòu)篇章,擴(kuò)句成文.,Last week, we did a survey among 2,600 students on “Who is your idol”. 50% of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, but 48% of the boys choose sports stars. “Parents” is the second in the girls list, but the second from the bottom in the boys list. The percentage of the boys who choose “great figures” is the same as the percentage of the girls. My idol is , because .,注意: 文章的結(jié)構(gòu),句子的連貫性.,Last week, we did a survey among 2,600 students on “Who is your idol”. 50% of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, but 48% of the boys choose sports stars. “Parents” is the second in the girls list, but the second from the bottom in the boys list. The percentage of the boys who choose “great figures” is the same as the percentage of the girls. My idol is , because .,指文章語意的通順和語言形式的緊密銜接并符合一定的邏輯關(guān)系。 要使文章前后銜接緊密，可采用以下方法：,1.恰當(dāng)使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞. 2.巧妙使用意思有聯(lián)系的詞或語句 3.適當(dāng)使用過渡性語句,文章的連貫性,1.恰當(dāng)使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞, 如:but, when，so，if，because，so that等。,1) People have found mobile phones very convenient _they can get in touch with each other whenever and wherever they like. 2) This village used to be very small and poor _it has changed a lot since 1978 . 3) Id like to know _we are allowed to cancel our tickets booking _we can not make the tour for our personal reason.,if/ whether,if,because,but,2.巧妙使用意思有聯(lián)系的詞或語句 如:First, Second, Third, Soon, most excitingly, Whats more, whats worse, As a result等。,All the school-age children can study here._, they enjoy free education in it. The birds dodo were killed for food on a large number. _, they died out at last. Eating sugar is bad for our teeth. _, it may make us fat.,As a result,Whats worse,Whats more,3.適當(dāng)使用過渡性語句 如:The reasons are as follows. Every coin has two sides. All roads lead to Rome. As the result/survey shows. We can draw an conclusion.等,Now in the country areas, there are many children out of school. _. First，most families are too poor to send their children to school . Second, some parents think there is no need for their daughters to go to school. Third, ,The reasons are as follows,Television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a comparatively cheap one. But_, television also has disadvantages, such as its effects on young people.,every coin has two sides,3.適當(dāng)使用過渡性語句 如:The reasons are as follows. Every coin has two sides. All roads lea to Rome. As the result/survey shows. We can draw an conclusion.等,四 構(gòu)篇章,擴(kuò)句成文.,Last week, we did a survey among 2,600 students on “Who is your idol”. _50% of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, but 48% of the boys choose sports stars. _ “Parents” is the second in the girls list, but the second from the bottom in the boys list. _the percentage of the boys who choose “great figures” is the same as the percentage of the girls. _My idol is , because .,The result shows that,Furthermore,However,As for myself,五 檢查潤色,Last week, we did a survey among 2,600 students on “Who is your idol”. _50% of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, but 48% of the boys choose sports stars. _ “parents” is the second in the girls list, but the second from the bottom in the boys list. _the percentage of the boys who choose “great figures” is the same as the percentage of the girls. _my idol is , because .,prefer/ favor,The result shows that,Whats more,while,However,As for myself,that,Last week, we did a survey among 2,600 students on “Who is your idol”. The result shows that 50% of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, while 48% of the boys favor sports stars. Whats more, “parents” is the second in the girls list, but the second from the bottom in the boys list. However, the percentage of the boys who choose “great figures” is the same as that of the girls. As for myself, my idol is , because .,六 書寫,Last week, we did a survey among 2,600 students on “Who is your idol”. The survey shows that 50% of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, while 48% of the boys favor sports stars. As the data shows, “parents” ranks the second for the girls, but the fourth for the bys. However, the percentage of the boys choosing “great figures” is the same as that of the girls. As for myself, My idol is Thomas Edison, because his inventions has greatly changed our life.,Possible version:,基礎(chǔ)寫作 星期一, 我們開了個班會討論 “上大學(xué)是高中生唯一的出路嗎?” 以下圖表是討論結(jié)果.,Percentage,實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練,Is it the only way out to go to college?,寫作內(nèi)容:,寫作要求:,評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):,只能使用5個句子表達(dá)全部內(nèi)容; 文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確; 信息內(nèi)容完整; 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)連貫.,根據(jù)以上圖表數(shù)據(jù), 寫一篇短文, 包括以下內(nèi)容; 1. 增長知識,提高素養(yǎng)(quality), 利于擇業(yè) 2. 成功的路不只一條. 3. 學(xué)費(fèi)(tuition)高,就業(yè)難. 4. 你的觀點(diǎn)及原因.,確定類型 2. 確定體裁 3. 確定主體時態(tài) 4. 確定主體人稱,一、審題:(四確定),第一人稱/第三人稱,一般現(xiàn)在時,說明文,圖表型,二 列要點(diǎn),討論時間,討論問題以及討論地點(diǎn). 星期一, 上大學(xué)是否是高中生唯一的出路, 班會課上. 2. 增長知識,提高素養(yǎng)(qualities), 利于擇業(yè) 60%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為要上大學(xué), 3. 成功的路不只一條. 30%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為上不上大學(xué)無所謂, 4. 學(xué)費(fèi)(tuition)高, 就業(yè)難. 10%的同學(xué)不上大學(xué), 5. 你的觀點(diǎn)及原因. 就我來說, 因為,三 依要點(diǎn), 擬草綱, 組織成句.,四 構(gòu)篇章,擴(kuò)句成文. 五 檢查潤色 六 書寫,星期一我們在班會課上就 “上大學(xué)是不是高中生唯一的出路” 展開了討論. 2.60%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為高中生畢業(yè)后應(yīng)上大學(xué), 因為上大學(xué)不僅可以增長我們的知識, 提高我們的素養(yǎng), 還有利于我們選擇職業(yè). 3.30%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為, 成功的路不只一條, 我們不一定要上大學(xué). 4.10%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為, 大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)高, 畢業(yè)后就業(yè)難度大, 不想要上大學(xué). 5.在我看來, ,三 依要點(diǎn), 擬草綱, 組織成句.,We had a discussion on “is it the only way out for senior students to go to college?” at our class meeting on Monday.,There are 30% of the students think that “All roads lead to Rome”, and think it is not important whether they go to college or not.,10% students think that they dont go to college for its high tuition and the difficulty of finding jobs after graduated.,60% of us consider it very necessary to go to college because it can help us to improve our knowledge as well as our quality, which will be an advantage to find a good job.,On Monday, we had a discussion about whether it is the only way out for senior students to go to college at the class meeting. 60% of us consider it very necessary to go to college because it can help us to improve our knowledge as well as our quality, which will be an advantage to find a good job. 30% of the students hold the view of “all roads lead to Rome”, thinking it doesnt make any difference whether they will go to college or not. However, the others confirm they dont go to college for its high tuition and it is hard for college graduates to find jobs. In my opinion, we can receive a better education at college so that we can make greater contributions in the future.,現(xiàn)在越來越多的人們開始意識到受到好的教育是很重要的.,Now people in growing numbers are beginning to realize that,Now people in growing numbers are beginning to realize that its important to be well educated.,2) With the rapid growth of, have become increasingly important in our daily life.,With the rapid growth of intelligence technology, computer has become increasingly important in our daily life.,3)One of the hottest topics many people talk about now is,One of the hottest topics many people talk about now is the 2008 Olympic Games to be held in Beijing.,2) 隨著信息技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展, 電腦在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪幸呀?jīng)變得越來越重要了.,3) 現(xiàn)在人們熱烈討論的話題之一是將在北京舉行的2008年奧運(yùn).,4) 至于說到我，我贊成前一種觀點(diǎn)。所以，我的結(jié)論是，只要我們堅持正確的東西，改正錯誤的東西，我們就一定能成功。 As far as Im concerned , Im in favour of the former view. Therefore, my conclusion is that we are certain to succeed as long as we stick to what is right and correct what is wrong. 5) 毫無疑問我們應(yīng)當(dāng)馬上關(guān)注人口的快速增長問題. T