2018_2019學年高中英語Unit21HumanBiology課下能力提升（十一）（含解析）.docx

Unit 21 Human Biology 課下能力提升（十一）.根據首字母或漢語意思寫出單詞1Your job here is only temporary,_for you will be removed from it when we have a proper post for you.2Due to bad management, company profits have been declining over the last three years.3The boy hasnt been seen for two days and there is growing concern for his safety.4All important problems must be submitted (提交) to the committee for discussion.5What he said is absurd (荒唐的); it goes against the general knowledge of science.6If an terminal (延期) isnt agreed on, this contract will no longer be in force from next month.單句語法填空1At any rate, the medicine and food will reach the farmers before the snowstorm.2On the one hand, theyd love to have kids, but on the other hand, they dont want to give up their freedom.3Tony is said to_have_gone (go) abroad for further study.4It was the first time I had_heard (hear) her sing, wasnt it?5This will be the second time that I have_gone (go) back to my hometown.6Dont worry. We can take you home in all cases.7Train services returned to normal again after the strike.8I fell into comas when the stone hit me on the head.閱讀理解ASport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find fault with themselves.Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In todays youth sport setting young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters performances. Positive support should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive support motivates (激發(fā)) and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.語篇解讀：教練和家長對于年輕運動員表現的評價是很重要的，應當給出正面鼓勵，而非一味指責。1An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is to _.Amake sports less competitiveBincrease their sense of successCreduce their mental stressDmake sports more challenging解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中的“Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.”可知，stress(緊張，壓力)會導致burnout(筋疲力盡，撒手不干)，所以阻止這種現象發(fā)生的有效方法就是減少他們的思想壓力。2Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes _.Abelieving that criticism is beneficial for their early developmentBwithout realizing criticism may destroy their selfconfidenceCin order to make them remember lifes lessonsDso as to put more pressure on them解析：選B推理判斷題。根據文章可知，教練和家長的注意力主要在結果上，希望運動員能贏得比賽，批評多是因為對其表現不滿，希望其能做得好些。他們的主觀愿望是好的，但是顯然沒有意識到批評可能使年輕的運動員對其從事的運動熱情盡失，再也提不起興趣。3According to the passage, parents and coaches should _.Apay more attention to letting children enjoy sportsBhelp children to win every gameCtrain children to cope with stressDenable children to understand the positive aspect of sports解析：選A推理判斷題。根據第三段可知，作者首先指出教練和家長不應讓運動成為孩子的工作， 那樣就會成為孩子的一種負擔。同時提到比賽的結果不如學習運動的過程重要，不管結果如何，教練和家長都要給孩子正面的鼓勵而不是批評。由此可知，作者認為教練和家長應當將更多的精力放在讓孩子享受運動的過程上。4The authors purpose of writing the passage is to _.Ateach young athletes how to avoid burnoutBpersuade young children not to worry about criticismCstress the importance of positive support to childrenDdiscuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement解析：選C寫作目的題。本文主要論述的是教練和家長對運動員的影響，指出批評可能會使孩子喪失興趣，應當多給運動員積極的評價，由此不難看出，本文的目的是強調正面鼓勵的重要性。BAbout 15 years ago, when my children were still in elementary school, I was very active in the Parent Teacher Association. At one of the monthly meetings the topic of discussion was the new curriculum (課程) that the state of Michigan was presenting. Many concerns were voiced at that meeting, and one of them was my own. My concern was that the children were being taught things that were once taught at a much later age.Lets face it: children today have to learn and adapt to (適應) a more technological society, one where if youre not a peak performer youre just not well received. Some say that the children of today have it so much easier than 1020 years ago. Theyre given so much more, not having to work for their toys and little extras. They sit all day long in front of a computer playing games . How hard can that be?I, for one, think that todays child is missing out on so many wonderful experiences because of technology. What type of people skills are they learning? They can thumbtype faster than any other generation before them, but they cant pick up the phone and have a really deep conversation.There is an elementary school not far behind my home and I used to see children on the playground every day. Weekdays and weekends, there would be children playing, shouting with joy. But now I dont see many children there after school, nor on the weekend. Has the playground gone from our childrens life?I know many teachers, some of whom are my friends, may throw_a_shoe_at me when I say play doesnt always need to have a purpose. And it doesnt always have to have a teaching module included. To compete in todays world, the children have to be experts at multitasking (多任務處理), and on top of their game at all times. I, for one, think this is a shame.語篇解讀：本文是議論文?，F在的孩子生活富足，卻缺少適當的體育鍛煉和玩耍；沉迷于各種科技產品，卻缺少跟人交流的能力。作者通過本文呼吁，還孩子以真正的童年。5Why was the author concerned?AThe children didnt learn much at school.BThe parents opinions were not valued by schools.CThe new curriculum was too advanced for the children.DThe children were not interested in the new curriculum.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。由第一段的“My concern was that the children were being taught things that were once taught at a much later age”可知，學校新引進的課程超出了孩子的水平，這是作者感到擔憂的原因。6What should children learn according to the author?AHow to adapt to a technological society.BHow to communicate with others.CHow to work for toys and extras.DHow to make a telephone call.解析：選B推理判斷題。由第三段的“What type of people skills are they learning? . but they cant pick up the phone and have a really deep conversation”可知，當今的孩子沉湎于各種科技產品，缺乏跟人深入交流的能力。7Which of the following would the author agree with?AChildrens play should be well designed.BPlay and learning should go hand in hand.CThe multitasking ability is more important than play.DChildren should be allowed to play purposelessly.解析：選D推理判斷題。分析最后一段可知，作者認為孩子應該多進行沒有目的性的玩耍。 8What does the underlined part “throw a shoe at” mean in the last paragraph?ADisagree with.BLaugh at.CReject. DHit.解析：選A詞義猜測題。由畫線部分之后的“And it doesnt always have to have a teaching module included. To compete in todays world, the children have to be experts at multitasking .”可知，在學校里玩耍都是跟教學任務聯系在一起的，所以作者提出孩子應該進行沒有目的性的玩耍，很多老師一定會“不贊成”她的觀點。 .語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)Does the early bird catch the worm? That is not necessarily so according to recent research _1_ (conduct) by an American professor.Research shows that when work schedules agree with peoples natural sleep patterns, they produce _2_ (high) quality and more creative work because they are more focused, less stressed and generally healthier. _3_ opposite is also true when employees do not have plenty of sleep, they are more likely _4_ (make) mistakes and suffer from workplace injuries._5_ (sad), for many of us, our work schedules do not agree with our natural body clocks. Many companies start the work day too early, _6_ (put) their work schedules in disagreement with their employees body clocks. That disagreement, along with the _7_ (press) from work at all hours of the day and night, means that many pople suffer _8_ “social jetlag (社會時差)”. In other words, their bodies are always