簡單英語被動語態(tài).ppt

,合肥師范學院 吳林 QQ754081226,How to describe the pictures,The river was seriously polluted.,Some trees have been cut down.,合肥師范學院 吳林 QQ754081226,合肥師范學院 吳林 QQ754081226,The Passive Voice (被動語態(tài)）,語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，表示主語和動詞之間的關系。英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)動詞的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，而被動語態(tài)動詞的主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。,英語語態(tài),被動語態(tài)的構成,worked,opened,closed,seen,taught,asked,work,close,open,ask,see,teach,e.g.,由助動詞be + 及物動詞的過去分詞（V-ed）構成。助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。,合肥師范學院 吳林 QQ754081226,英語的謂語動詞有兩種語態(tài),We speak English.,主語,謂語,賓語,English is spoken by us.,主語,謂語,賓語,賓變主,主變賓,前加by 動變被,看清be, 結構分別be+ pp,主動語態(tài),被動語態(tài),主變被解題步驟:,1. 找賓語 -即動作的承受者,They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,2. 判斷賓語的單復數(shù) -即be動詞的單復數(shù).,are were,3. 判斷動詞的時態(tài) -即be動詞的時態(tài).,4. 修改謂語的時態(tài) -即原句動詞改為過去分詞,made,5. 修改原句的主語 -即by+ 主語/ 賓語.,by them.,Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom.,Tom broke the windows. The windows were broken by Tom.,He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him.,Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the words given in the brackets.,The bridge ( build) last year. The Olympic Games (hold) every four years. The problem (discuss) at the meeting now. His new book (publish) next month. The classroom (not clean) yet.,was built,Is held,is being discussed,will be published,has not been cleaned,Read text-1,6. The machine (repair) at this time yesterday. 7. She said the report (type) by Li Mei for two weeks. 8. Miss Li said the book (give) to the students the next morning. 9. By the end of next term two thousand English words (learn). 10. He said the project . (finish) by 2010. 合肥師范學院 吳林 QQ754081226,was being repaired,had been typed,would be given,will have been learned,would have been finished,Read text-2,When can we use the passive voice?,不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，或沒有必要指出動 作的執(zhí)行者時。,My bike was stolen last night. 昨晚我的自行車被偷了。 Letters are collected at eight every morning. 信件每天早晨八點收取。,The desk was made by Master Wang. 這張課桌是王師傅做的。 The bag was taken away by his sister. 那個口袋是她姐姐提走的。合肥師范學院 吳林 QQ754081226,2. 為了強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時。,Article1_popwin_title,3. 為了更好地安排句子。,The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一個主語就夠了） 那個名人一上車就立刻被大家認出來了。,I have a new skirt. It was given to me as a birthday present by my aunt. 我有條新裙子。它是我阿姨送給我作為生日禮物的。,4. 在上下文中，為了使句子間連接緊密時。如：,Article1_popwin_head for,How to change the active voice into the passive voice ?,將主動結構中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構中的主 語，將主動結構中的謂語動詞變?yōu)椤癰e +過去分詞”形式，將主動結構中的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(若動作的執(zhí)行者沒有必要說明則可以省略該by短語)。,把SVO（主動賓）句型的主動句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動句，原句中的賓語作被動句的主語。,e.g. Li Lei planted the tree last year. The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. Workers made the machines in Changsha. The machines were made in Changsha.,基本方法,2. 把SVoO（主動間賓直賓）的主動句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動 句，常用原句中的間接賓語作被動句中的主語。,Article1_popwin_tap,e.g. They gave her a prize. She was given a prize. Xiao Lis brother taught him English. Xiao Li was taught English by his brother.,e.g. He painted the door green yesterday. The door was painted green yesterday. We called the student Clever Hans. The student was called Clever Hans.,3. SVOC（主動賓賓補）句型轉(zhuǎn)換為被 動句時，原句中的賓語補語就成為主語補語。,Article2_popwin_pull over,4. 短語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動態(tài)時，通常被看作是一個動詞，后面的介詞或副詞不能拆開或省略。,e.g.They looked after the children well. The children were well looked after. We has put off the meeting till next week. The meeting has been put off till next week.,e.g. Li Lei told us that the teacher praised him today. We were told that Li Lei was praised by the teacher today.,5.復合句的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時，復合句中的主句和從句都須同時變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。如：,Article2_popwin_radio,英語中用主動表被動的幾種特殊情況,2.某些“be+形容詞+to do”結構中的不定式通常要用主動形式表示被動意義：,連系動詞為不及物動詞，它們沒有被動語態(tài)形式。但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste 等)可用主動表被動：,The building looks very beautiful. 這座建筑看上去很美。 Her voice sounded quite sweet. 她的聲音聽起來非常甜美。,The book is difficult to understand. 這書很難懂。 The music isnt pleasant to listen to.合肥師范學院 吳林 QQ754081226 這音樂不好聽。,Article3_popwin_flight,3.不定式用于某些動詞(如have, have got, get等)的賓語后作定語時，如果不定式的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，通常用主動形式表示被動意義。,I have some clothes to wash. 我有一些衣服要洗。 Miss Green has some important letters to send. 格林小姐有一些重要的信件要寄。,注：若不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，則應用被 動式，比較：,I have something to type. 我有些東西要打(字)。(指自己打字) I have something to be typed. 我有些東西要打(字)。(指請人打字),4. 在 tooto do sth 和enough to do sth這兩個結構中，若句子主語與其后不定式to do sth為被動關系，則該不定式通常用主動形式表示被動意義(有時也可直接用被動式)。,The tea is too hot to drink. 茶太熱，不能喝。 These boxes are not strong enough to use to be used as a platform. 這些箱子不夠牢，不能用作站臺。,6. 在need, want, require等少數(shù)表示“需要”的 動詞后的動名詞用主動形式表被動意義。,5. be worth后的動名詞要用主動表被動。,The house needs cleaning. 房子需要打掃了。 These children require looking after. 這些孩子需要照看。,The house needs to be cleaned. These children require to be looked after.,This movie is worth seeing. 這部影片值得一看。 The problem is not worth discussing. 這個問題不值得討論。,幾種值得注意的被動語態(tài)變化,帶復合賓語的被動語態(tài)結構,（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.,Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.,Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.,watch let have hear see notice,(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.,I saw him playing football at that moment.,He was seen playing football at that moment.,hear / watch /.,合肥師范學院 吳林 QQ754081226,We often hear them sing this song.,They are often heard to sing this song (by us).,This song is often heard (by us) to be sung (by them).,Bob sent Kate a letter last year.,=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.,=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.,tell ask bring write give teach pass lend,to,He told Jim a story.,Mum made me a new dress.,I was made a new dress by Mum. A new dress was made for me by Mum.,make buy draw,for,I bought my brother a book.,注意:,約翰打開了收音機。,John turned on the radio.,The radio was turned on.,奶奶照看我姐姐。,Grandma takes care of my sister.,My sister is taken care of by Grandma.,注：千萬不要遺漏介詞或副詞。,We must speak to old people politely.,Old people must be spoken to politely.,合肥師范學院 吳林 QQ754081226,They said that he would come back soon.,It was said that he would come back soon.,類似的還有： It is reported / believed / hoped / supposed that ,1). 不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。,如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。,* Great changes have taken place in this city.,* That bike doesnt belong to Mike.,不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：,不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：,2) 表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài),have / fit,I have a TV set.,The coat fits me well.,3）祈使句一般沒有被動語態(tài)。 【正】Look at the blackboard，please 【誤】The blackboard is looked at by you,不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：,4.系動詞沒有被動態(tài)和進行時態(tài),這魚味道很好。,這條圍巾摸上去很軟。,The fish tastes good.,The scarf feels soft.,5.反身代詞在句中作賓語時，不能用被動語態(tài)。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself 【誤】Yourself must be looked after,4.某些動詞形式是主動，但含有被動的意思。,這書很好賣。,這種布很好洗。,The book sells well.,This kind of cloth washes very well.,這書賣完了。,The book is sold out.,這塊表需要修理一下。,The watch needs mending .,=The watch needs to be mended.,=We need to mend the watch.,want,合肥師范學院 吳林 QQ754081226,Did he finish the work yesterday?,Were the books taken away by the girl?,Did the girl take away the books?,Was the window broken by Tom? _ Tom_ the window?,Did break,Was the work finished by him yesterday？,Do they often talk about this question? _ this question often _ about _ _?,Is,talked,by them,Doesnt Bob clean the street every day? _ the street _ by Bob every day?,Isnt cleaned,He told us to get to school early.,Our parents ask us to stay at home at night.,We were told to get to school early by him.,We are asked to stay at home at night.,-Did you go to the party? -No, I _(invite),wasnt invited,The bridge _ in three weeks. (finish),You can go out if your homework _(do),will be finished,is done,This is one of the things that _(see) that day.,were seen,When was PRC _(found)?,was seen,This is the only one of the things that _(see) that day.,founded,You shoul