2018_2019學(xué)年高中英語Unit16StoriesSectionⅧGrammar學(xué)案（含解析）北師大版.docx

Section Grammar單元語法項(xiàng)目(一)過去完成時語法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)A Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he had witnessed as a young man.By 1748, they had found an awesome historical site.He had worked in the factory for five years before we moved here.The film had begun when they arrived at the cinema.I had hoped to meet you at the airport, but I was caught in a traffic jam.That dinner was the most expensive meal we had ever had.There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.I had meant to come, but it occurred to me that I had some work to do.我的發(fā)現(xiàn)(1)過去完成時與特定的時間狀語連用，如句。(2)句中過去完成時用于主從復(fù)合句，主從句動作都發(fā)生于過去，且有先后關(guān)系。(3)句、句中過去完成時用于擁有序數(shù)詞或最高級的句型。(4)過去完成時表示一種未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或想法，如句、句。一、概念過去完成時的基本用法與現(xiàn)在完成時相似，所不同的是：現(xiàn)在完成時的動作須在現(xiàn)在以前完成，過去完成時的動作須在過去某一時間以前完成，也就是說動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。二、構(gòu)成主語had動詞的過去分詞You abandoned the map because you had learned how to get home.你丟掉地圖，因?yàn)槟阋呀?jīng)知道如何回家。三、基本用法1表示過去的過去表示在過去的某一時間或某一動作之前完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也就是“過去的過去”?？梢杂胋y, before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句、用一個表示過去的動作以及通過上下文來表示。By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200張從宇宙飛船發(fā)來的圖片。How long had Mr. Wang taught in the middle school before he came here?王老師來這里之前，在中學(xué)教了多長時間的書？I was very sad at his death. We had been good friends since our childhood.他的去世使我很悲傷。我們自童年時代起就是好朋友。即時演練1用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空By the end of last month he had_worked (work) in Shanghai for twenty years.When I got to school, I realized I had_left (leave) my bag at home.She had_worked (work) on the farm for three years before she became a teacher.I had_wanted (want) to help you but couldnt get here in time.The pen I thought I had_lost (lose) is on my desk, right under my nose.2用于定語從句、賓語從句或間接引語中。I wondered who had worked out the maths problem in the end.我想知道誰最后做出了那道數(shù)學(xué)題。She returned the book that she had borrowed.她已歸還了她借的那本書。She said that she had finished her work.她說她已完成工作了。3表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或打算，主要用于hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等動詞。I had meant to come, but something happened.我本想來，但有事發(fā)生了。He had intended that he would come to see you himself, but he was too busy.他本來打算親自來看你，但他太忙了。即時演練2完成句子She said that she_had_seen_the_film_before.她說她在那之前看過那部電影。The moment he handed in his exam paper, he realized he_had_forgotten_to_write_down_his_name.他剛一交上考卷就意識到忘了寫名字了。I_had_intended_I_would_go_to_pick_you_up at the airport, but I was too busy.我本來打算去機(jī)場接你們，但我太忙了。4用于狀語從句。在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，若主從句的動作都發(fā)生在過去，且有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。After he had finished his homework, he watched the TV.完成作業(yè)后，他才看電視的。If you had come yesterday, you would have seen the wonderful performance.如果你昨天來的話，你就會看到那場精彩的演出。5過去完成時常用于某些固定句型(1)主語had hardly/scarcely (no sooner)過去分詞when (than)從句(從句用一般過去時)(hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句首時，主句要倒裝)I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.我剛到家就開始下雨了。(2)It was一段時間since從句(從句用過去完成時)It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我離開北京至少有3個月了。(3)It was the first/second .time(that)從句(從句用過去完成時)It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.這是我第一次用英語在網(wǎng)上聊天。(4)主句(過去完成時)by the time .(表示過去的從句)By the time I got to the station, the train had already gone.我趕到車站時，火車已經(jīng)離開了。(5)句子(過去完成時)by the end of .(表示過去的時間)By the end of last term we had learned 12 units.到上學(xué)期期末為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了12個單元。名師點(diǎn)津有時before, after引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，時間先后不明顯，則主、從句都用一般過去時。After he closed the door, he left the classroom.關(guān)上門后，他離開了教室。即時演練3(1)單句改錯It was the third time that he have been out of work that year.havehadBefore I arrived he has worked twelve hours.hashad(2)完成句子It was three years since we had_left the city.自從我們離開那座城市已有三年。We had_no_sooner_set_out than a thunderstorm broke.我們剛出發(fā)就遇到了雷雨。(3)句型轉(zhuǎn)換As soon as we got to New York, we entered a different world.We had no sooner got to New York than we entered a different world.She had hardly finished her homework when she went to bed.Hardly had she finished her homework when she went to bed.四、過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別雖然這兩種時態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1時間狀語不同：過去完成時在時間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時間。They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.昨天到10點(diǎn)為止他們才到達(dá)車站。They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.昨天10點(diǎn)他們到達(dá)車站。2在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標(biāo)志時，謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時。She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first prize in the composition competition.她很高興。她的所有家人對她也很滿意。在作文比賽中她剛拿了第一名。名師點(diǎn)津當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上連接發(fā)生的動作用and或but連接時，按時間順序，只需用一般過去時來代替過去完成時。He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.他走進(jìn)房間，打開燈，讀起晚報(bào)來。五、過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時表示的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或同現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的動作，句中不可有表示過去特定時間的狀語；而過去完成時表示的是過去某時之前已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過去某時的動作，句中可有表示過去特定時間的狀語。She had been ill for a week before she came back.在回來之前，她病了一周了。She has been ill for a week.她已經(jīng)病了一周了。即時演練4完成句子Marx wrote back telling Engels that his_praise_had_greatly_encouraged_him (他的表揚(yáng)極大地鼓勵了他)I havent_heard_from_her (沒收到她的來信) till now.By the time I got_up (起床), my sister had_already_washed_all_the_clothes (已洗完了所有衣服)She said that she had_learned_English (學(xué)英語) for years since she came to our school.We reached_the_cinema_late (到電影院晚了). The film had_already_been_on_for_ten_minutes (已經(jīng)開始十分鐘了)I wonder what makes you a successful manager.I served_as_a_waiter_for_five_years (做了五年的服務(wù)生), which contributes a lot to my todays work.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1(2017浙江高考)Pahlsson and her husband searched (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.2(2016北京高考改編)I have_read (read) half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.3(2016浙江高考改編)Silk had_become (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.4(2015安徽高考改編)Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I had_left (leave) my book in the cafe.5(2015北京高考改編)In the last few years, China has_made (make) great achievements in environmental protection.6(2015北京高考改編)Did you have difficulty finding Anns house?Not really.She had_given (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.7She had_learnt (learn) 2,000 English words by the end of last month.8I had_meant (mean) to help you, but I was too busy at the moment.完成句子1My father asked me if I had_finished_reading_that_book.爸爸問我是否已讀完那本書了。2I_had_learnt_1,000_English_words till then.到那時為止，我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了1 000個英語單詞。3Li Ming went to London last year, which was the first time that he_had_gone_abroad.李明去年去了倫敦，那是他第一次出國旅行。4My parents had_lived_in_this_city before 1990.在1990年以前我父母在這個城市居住很長時間了。5It was eleven years since I_had_graduated_from_university.自從我大學(xué)畢業(yè)已經(jīng)十一年了。6We_had_thought_to_return_early but they didnt let us go.我們本想早回來的，但他們不讓我們走。7If_you_had_come_yesterday,_you would have met him.你如果昨天來的話，你就會見到他了。8His brother is a teacher now, but he_worked_in_a_company_for_3_years.他的哥哥現(xiàn)在是一位老師。但他在公司工作過三年。單元語法項(xiàng)目(二)have/get sth. done語法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)I had my hair cut last week, but it looks horrible.Next month Im going to get my bike repaired.I had my pocket picked on the subway.I got my leg injured while playing football.I should like to have you meet Mr. Davis.Can you get us to do the experiment?I wont have you smoking in the sitting room.Let me try now; Ill get the car starting.我的發(fā)現(xiàn)(1)例句均為過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但例句表示主語遭受到意外的不幸或損失。(2)例句均為不定式(短語)作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但have后的不定式不帶to，而get后的不定式帶to。(3)例均為現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作賓語補(bǔ)足語。一、“have/get sth. done”結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用1用法(1)done所表示的動作可以是主語發(fā)出的，也可以是主語要求別人發(fā)出的；(2)賓語sth.與過去分詞所表示的動作之間是動賓關(guān)系。2含義(1)讓(請)別人為自己做某事I had/got my TV set repaired yesterday.昨天我叫人把我的電視機(jī)修理了一下。(2)遭遇某種不好或不幸的事情Be careful, or youll have/get your hands hurt.當(dāng)心，否則你會弄傷手的。Tom had his leg broken while playing football.湯姆踢足球時，一條腿摔斷了。(3)使某事被完成(自己也有可能參加)He had/got the job done before the end of the month.他在月底前完成了那項(xiàng)工作。即時演練1(1)單句語法填空I had/got that door painted (paint) last week.She is going to have her new clothes made (make) by a young tailor.He had his house burnt (burn) down in the fire.(2)完成句子Mr.Smith had/got_his_farm_destroyed in the flood.史密斯先生的農(nóng)場在這次洪水中被沖毀了。I had/got_my_wallet_stolen on the bus.我的錢包在公交車上被偷了。He wants to have/get_his_eyes_examined tomorrow.他明天想去檢查眼睛。二、“have/get sb./sth./doing/(to) do”結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用1have sb./sth. doing sth.表示“讓一直做某事”，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動和正在進(jìn)行。get sb./sth. doing sth.表示“讓開始做某事”。前者側(cè)重持續(xù)做某事，后者側(cè)重開始做某事。The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.農(nóng)忙時，農(nóng)民們讓拖拉機(jī)白天黑夜不停地干活。The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線繼續(xù)行進(jìn)。名師點(diǎn)津“have sb. doing”若用于否定句，have有“容忍；容許”之意。I wont have you doing nothing all day at all.我完全不能容許你整天無所事事。2have sb. do sth.或get sb. to do sth.都表示“使/讓某人做某事”Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.母親讓我去商店買些鹽。I cant get him to stop smoking.我無法讓他戒煙。名師點(diǎn)津have sth. to do表示“有某事要做”，動詞不定式表示將來動作，作定語修飾sth.，其邏輯主語為句子主語。I still have a lot of homework to finish tonight.我今晚仍有很多作業(yè)要完成。即時演練2(1)單句語法填空The novelist had the victim talk (talk) about the volcanic eruption.I will not have you talking (talk) to your mother like that.If you did such a tiresome thing, you would get everybody teasing (tease) you.Ill not go out because I have lots of work to_do (do)Dont worry. Ill get Tom to_help (help) you soon.(2)單句改錯He always has his workers work all night.workworkingOur teacher often has us to do much ho