過去分詞作狀語.doc

過去分詞作狀語 過去分詞和-ing分詞作狀語一樣，也可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。 表時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個時(shí)間狀語從句，有時(shí)過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念。如： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 從山頂上看，這個城市就像一個大花園。 Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 入黨以后，他決定獻(xiàn)身于黨的事業(yè)。 表原因，相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。如： Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激動的人們被那個故事深深地感動了，停止了爭吵。 Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 受到了講演的鼓舞，年輕人決定起來從事斗爭。 表?xiàng)l件，相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句，有時(shí)過去分詞前可用if等詞。如： Given another chance, he will do better.再給他一次機(jī)會，他會做得更好。 Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English. 和你哥哥相比，你應(yīng)該更加努力學(xué)習(xí)英語。 If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加熱，會變成水蒸氣。 表讓步，相當(dāng)于一個though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。如： Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 盡管已經(jīng)跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個強(qiáng)盜。 Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。 表方式或伴隨情況。如： The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那個老人在他的妻子的攙扶下走進(jìn)了房間。 Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父親坐在桌子旁邊討論著我的工作問題。 過去分詞作狀語應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)。一、過去分詞與句子主語之間的關(guān)系(1) 過去分詞作狀語表示被動或完成的動作。過去分詞與句子主語之間通常存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長得很快?！靖呖兼溄?】_ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009福建卷)A. Reminding B. RemindedC. To remind D. Having reminded【答題指導(dǎo)】分詞在句子中作狀語，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。使用何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語之間的關(guān)系：主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，動賓或被動關(guān)系用過去分詞。比較：Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful. (our city與see之間是被動關(guān)系)Seeing from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful. ( we與see之間是主謂關(guān)系)(2) 有些過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時(shí)不表被動而表主語的狀態(tài)。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost in(沉迷于)；dressed in(穿著)。由某些動詞后面加-ed轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞也具有此用法，如frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed等。如：Surprised at what had happened, Tom didnt know what to do. 湯姆對發(fā)生的一切非常驚訝，以至于不知如何是好。【高考鏈接2】_and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. (2009浙江卷)A. To be tried B. TiredC. Tiring D. Being tired 二、過去分詞作狀語所表示的意義過去分詞作狀語時(shí)表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的狀語從句；表示方式、結(jié)果和伴隨時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)化為并列分句。如：Looked (=If it is looked) at a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful. 隔著一段距離看，這幅畫似乎要漂亮得多。The cup fell down to the ground, broken. = The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken.茶杯掉到了地上，碎了?！靖呖兼溄?】_the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. (2009江西卷)A. Giving B. Having givenC. To give D. Given 【高考鏈接4】Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _with his old one. (2009重慶卷)A. comparing B. comparesC. to compare D. compared 三、“連詞+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)根據(jù)主句主語和從句主語一致且從句含有動詞be時(shí)可省略從句主語和動詞be的原則，可把狀語從句變換為“連詞+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。常用的連詞有if, unless, when, as, once, even if/ even though, as if, though/ although等。如：I wont attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited). 除非被邀請，否則我不去參加他的生日晚會?！靖呖兼溄?】Every evening after dinner, if not _from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.(2009湖南卷)A. being tired B. tiringC. tired D. to be tired 四、 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 由一個名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語,加上一個分詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞不定式或介詞短語作為邏輯謂語構(gòu)成,這種結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上與主句沒有關(guān)系,通常被稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 （一）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成： 名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞 名詞(代詞)+形容詞 名詞(代詞)+副詞 名詞(代詞)+不定式 名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要起狀語作用,相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句,多用來表示行為、方式、伴隨等情況,有時(shí)也可用來表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等情況。 1、名詞或代詞主格 + 分詞 The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 實(shí)驗(yàn)做完了,同學(xué)們繼續(xù)在實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告上做記錄。 Time permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper. 如果時(shí)間允許,晚飯后我們可以到操場上散步。 2、名詞或代詞主格 + 形容詞 Computers very small, we can use them widely. 電腦雖小,我們卻能廣泛地利用它們。 The clothes very dirty, youd better wash them quickly. 衣服很臟,你快點(diǎn)兒洗洗吧! 3、名詞或代詞主格 + 不定式 The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了,我們的晚會就開始了。 4、名詞或代詞主格 + 介詞短語 Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. 我們的英語老師走進(jìn)了教室,手里拿著試卷。 There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks. 山谷中有一條河,河兩岸長滿了鮮花。 5、名詞或代詞主格 + 副詞 The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. 散會了,校長很快就離開了會議室。 The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 燈熄了,我們不能繼續(xù)工作了。 三、提高練習(xí) 1. Im going to have my car _ . A. to be fixed B. to fixC. fixed D. to fix 2. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 3. _ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by 4. He had his leg _ in the match yesterday. A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking 5. Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 6. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 8. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 9. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lostC. Lost D. To lose 10. The Olympic Games, _ in 776BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first played 11. Dont get _ in the rain. A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught 12. I found a car _ in a pool by the side of the road. A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick 13. -By the way, when did you get your bedroom _ ? -Last week. A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted 14. The children were found _ in the cave. A. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. be trapped 15. They found a _ old woman _ on the ground when the door was broken down. A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain 16. On a _ morning the little girl was found _ at the corner of the street. A. freezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen, frozen D. frozen, freezing 17. No one enjoys _ fun of in public. A. making B. being made C. to be made D. to make 18. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word _. A. speaking B. spoken C. to be spoken D. speak 19. _ from space, the earth, with water _ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball. A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered 20. An _ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star. A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitedly 21. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _for the day.(2007重慶卷)A. finishin