無機化學(xué)英語命名法

1、.Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds無機化合物的命名（ Prefix詞頭 , 前綴 Suffix詞尾 , 后綴 Stem 詞根）1.Trivial Names俗名H2O water 不說 dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia不說 nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone希臘文前綴Mon（o）一 di 二 tri 三 tetr （a）四 pent （ a）五 hex （a）六 hepta 七 octa 八 nona 九2.Systematic Nomenclature系統(tǒng)命名1)Oxide

2、 氧化物先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide注： peroxide過氧化物2)Hydroxide氫氧化物（ base 堿）Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid 酸Hydro acid 氫酸 General formula通式 :HnX 命名： hydro- + stem of X + -ic acidH2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphur

3、ic(美) 氫硫酸 S:sulfur(英) 、sulphur(美)HBr 氫溴酸 hydrobromic acidBr: bromineHCl 氫氯酸 ( 鹽酸 )hydrochloric acidCl: chlorineHF 氫氟酸 hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸 General formula通式 :HnXOm命名： Stem of X + -ic acid注： oxo- (oxy-)含氧 ,氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4

4、 phosphoric acidP: phosphorusH3BO3 boric acidB: boronHNO3 nitric acidN: nitrogenIf X has two oxidation states：-ic ： the higher oxidation state-ous ：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acid.H2SO3 sulfurous acidHNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation st

5、ates：halogen 鹵素per- (過，高 ) + -ic：the still higher oxidation statehypo- (次, 在下 ) + -ous： the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt鹽General formula通式 :MnXm 命名： Name of M stem of X + -ide（-ide 化物）Oxide 、chlor

6、ide、 nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt含氧酸鹽 Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitri

7、c acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt酸式鹽 Using “hydrogen ” to specify“ H”NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4

8、sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphateP: phosphorus phosphate磷酸鹽 ( 根)Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate.5)Metals （M） with more than one oxidation stateTwo methods:后綴法 :早期使用stem

9、 of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodideHg:mercuryCr2+ chromousCr3+ chromicCr: chromium注： In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from its Latin name.(mercury is an exception)Cu: cup

10、r um ( 拉丁 ),copper (英 )Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn: stann um ( 拉丁 ), tin (英 )SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe: ferrum ( 拉丁 ), iron (英 )Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide IUPAC Rule 1957 年開始使用 English name of metal(Roman numeral) CuBr copper(I) b

11、romideCuF2 copper(II) fluoride SnO tin(II) oxide SnS2 tin(IV) sulfide Fe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrate Fe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes希臘文前綴Mon（ o）一 di 二 tri 三 tetr （a）四 pent （a）五 hex （a）六 hepta 七 octa 八 nona 九1to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5

12、 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid縮酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acidH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42- 鉻酸鹽 ( 根) chromateCr2O72- 重鉻酸鹽 ( 根 )dichr

13、omate3. to indicate extent of substitution PO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphatethio-硫代 , 硫的 , 含硫的注： The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differingin the “ content of water.”ortho- 希臘詞頭 正、原（無機酸用）鄰（位）（有機化合物命名）meta- 希臘詞頭 偏（無機酸用）間（位） （有機化合物命名）ortho-acid原酸； meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid