不定式、動(dòng)名詞、過去分詞作定語的用法

1、不定式作定語的用法 不定式及其短語作定語，與其他短語作定語一樣，一般都放在被修飾的詞之后，通常表示一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)也可以表示某一過去的特定動(dòng)作。 一些名詞后常用不定式作定語，如：chance(機(jī)會），way(方法），time(時(shí)間）等；另外，the first,the second,the last,the only等作名詞或者它們作形容詞用來修飾代詞，它們或它們所修飾的代詞后，也常用不定式作定語。不定式作定語時(shí)，不定式與被修飾詞之間存在的關(guān)系復(fù)雜，有的是主謂關(guān)系；有的是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；有的是動(dòng)狀關(guān)系，還有的不存在主謂、動(dòng)賓、動(dòng)狀關(guān)系。1、主謂關(guān)系的 （1）We must find a pers

2、on to do the work. (2) There is no one to take care of her. (3) In my family, my mother is always the first one to get up. (4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave. (5) We need someone to go and get a doctor.2、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的 如果不定式與被修飾的詞在邏輯上存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式里的動(dòng)詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞。注意：是及物動(dòng)詞的，后面不要再加賓語，因?yàn)榍懊娴谋恍揎椩~是它的

3、賓語；是不及物動(dòng)詞的，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞讓它變成及物動(dòng)詞，只有這樣，它才能帶上前面的賓語。（1） He has a lot of books to read.(2) I would like a magazine to look at.(3) Here is some advice for you to follow.(4) Do you have anything else to say?(5) There is no one to take care of.(6) She has nothing to worry about.3、動(dòng)狀關(guān)系的 被修飾詞如果是不定式里動(dòng)詞的狀語，應(yīng)多用介詞

4、短語。由于被修飾詞前沒有介詞，所以只能在不定式里的動(dòng)詞后加介詞。 （1）Please give me some paper to write on. (2) Lets find a room to put these things in (3） I have no house to live in. (4) He has no pen to write with. (5) There are five pairs to choose from.4、不存在主謂、動(dòng)賓、動(dòng)狀關(guān)系的 被修飾詞與不定式里的動(dòng)詞不存在主謂、動(dòng)賓、動(dòng)狀關(guān)系的，被修飾詞多是些抽象名詞。（1）I have no time to

5、 go to the movie.（2）Theres no need to send for a doctor. (3) Wheres the best place to meet? (4) Is that the way to do it? (5） Im not sure about his ability to complete the task alone.練習(xí)1. He has no friend _(depend) on.2. He is not the kind of man (do) such things.3. I have a lot of work (finish) tod

6、ay.4. There is a good rule ( go ) by.5. Thank you for giving me the chance (make) the speech.6. She is always the first ( answer ) questions.7. Can you find a proper person ( finish) this job in time動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做定語動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做定語在句中通常有兩個(gè)位置，如果是單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做定語，常放在被修飾詞前做前置定語;如果是動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的短語做定語，常放在被修飾詞后做后置定語。

7、如：1.He is an attacking player.他是一個(gè)攻擊型的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。2.He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一個(gè)令人難堪的問題。3.A little child learning to walk often falls.學(xué)走路的小孩常常跌跤。4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party?你知道來參加晚會的人數(shù)嗎?注意：當(dāng)-ing形式做后置定語時(shí)，可以相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的定語從句。如：1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yes

8、terday.A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.一位寫小說的青年昨天來向我們作報(bào)告。2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁邊的姑娘是我表妹。-ing形式做定語通常從以下三方面考查，即： 1)說明被修飾詞的性質(zhì)，特征或用途。如：1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.他們將手術(shù)臺架設(shè)在一座小廟里

9、。2.He may be in the reading room，for all I know.他說不定在閱覽室里。3.Ladies and gentlemen，please go and wait in the meeting room.女士們先生們，請去會議室等待。2)與被修飾詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school.有大約二百個(gè)孩子在這所藝術(shù)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher? 正在和我們英語老師談話的

10、那位婦女是誰?練習(xí)： 1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.A.20 dollars remainedB.20 dollars to remainC.remained 20 dollarsD.remaining 20 dollars.2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert. A.covering B.covered C.cover D.to cover 3.I was told that there were a

11、bout 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school，most _ were from Germany. A.study;of whom B.study;of them C.studying;of them D.studying;of whom4.The question _ at present has something important to do with our daily life. A.to be discussing B.to discuss C.been discussed D.being discussed5.China is

12、a_country_to the third world. A.developed;belongs B.developing;belonging C.developing;belongs D.developed;belonged6.-Who is the man_to the teacher? -A model worker_our school. A.talks，visits B.is talking;is visitingC.talking;visiting D.talking;visited7.The flowers_sweet in the garden attract the vis

13、itors to the beauty of nature. A.to smell B.smellingC.smelt D.to be smelt 8. There are a few boys (swim) in the river. 9. There is a car ( wait ) outside. 10 .People (wait) for the bus often sheltered in my doorway. 11. The boy (sit)behind me is my brother. 12. The girl (swim) in the pool is my daug

14、hter過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語有前置和后置兩種情況. 1、前置定語 單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語,通常放在被修飾的名詞之前,表示被動(dòng)和完成意義. a) 被動(dòng)意義: an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. 受傷的工人現(xiàn)正在醫(yī)院受到良好的照料. b):完成意義: a retired teacher 一位退休的教師 They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他們正在打掃院子里的落葉.2、后置定語

15、過去分詞短語作定語時(shí),通常放在被修飾的名詞之后,它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句.如: This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written). 這將是這類小說中寫得最好的. The people caught =(who was caught)by the police was a thief. 被警察抓獲的那個(gè)人是個(gè)賊練習(xí)：1.-Who would you like to see at the moment? - The man_ John.A. called him B. we cal

16、l him C calling D. called 2. The _ glass cup was _ by John.A. breaking; broken B. breaking; breaking C. broken, broken D. broken; breaking3. English is different from English in many ways. A. Spoken, written B. Speaking, written C. Spoken, writing D. Speak, write4. Prices of goods, through a compute

17、r, can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay6. The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road. A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down7. With _ leaves _ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried8. She asked if there