初三英語語法大全

1、九年級英語復(fù)習(xí)-語法講解（1-7單元）Unit1By是個(gè)很常用的介詞（有時(shí)也用作副詞），在初中英語中的用法有以下幾種： 1.意為“在旁”、“靠近”。如： Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大樹下唱歌跳舞，有的在湖邊畫畫兒。 2.意為“不遲于”、“到時(shí)為止”。如： Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會(huì)好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the en

2、d of last term? 到上個(gè)學(xué)期末你們已經(jīng)學(xué)了多少首英語歌曲？ 3.表示方法、手段，可譯作“靠”、“用”、“憑借”、“通過”、“乘坐”等。如： The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.猴子用尾巴吊在樹上哈哈大笑。 The boys father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph. 孩子的父親是那么的感激，于是他教愛迪生怎樣通過鐵路電報(bào)來傳達(dá)信息。 4.表示“逐個(gè)”、“逐批”的意

3、思。如： One by one they went past the table in the dark. 他們一個(gè)一個(gè)得在黑暗中經(jīng)過這張桌子。5.表示“根據(jù)”、“按照”的意思。如：What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點(diǎn)了? 6.和take , hold等動(dòng)詞連用，說明接觸身體的某一部分。如： I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用于被動(dòng)句中，表示行為主體，常譯作“被”、“由”等。如： English is spoken by many people. 英語被許多人所說。（即“許多人講英語?！保?8.組成其它短語。 1) by

4、 the way : 意為“順便說”、“順便問一下”，常做插入語。如： By the way , wheres Li Ping , do you know? 順便問一下，李平在哪兒。你知道嗎？ 2) by oneself : 意為“單獨(dú)”、“自行”。如： I cant leave her by herself. 我不能把她單獨(dú)留下。 3) by and by : 意為“不久以后”、“不一會(huì)兒”。如： But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以后，越來越多的人開始學(xué)英語了。二、動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞后加動(dòng)名詞do

5、ing，相當(dāng)于名詞，在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語定語等。1）作主語（這種用法?？迹?Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方與北方開戰(zhàn)了。2）作賓語Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?請問你介意調(diào)小一點(diǎn)收音機(jī)的音量嗎？3）作表語Babysisters job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服，作飯和照看孩子。Unit2used to 的用法：（1）肯定句：used這

6、個(gè)詞沒有人稱的變化，to后面接動(dòng)詞原形。 否定句是didnt use to.When I was a child, I didnt use to like apples.當(dāng)我還是孩子的時(shí)候我不喜歡蘋果.疑問形式是Did you use to?Where did you use to live before you came here?當(dāng)你來這兒之前你住哪兒？（2）含有used to 的句子的反意疑問句不要usednt + 主語，而用didnt 主語。He used to smoke, didnt he? 他過去常常吸煙，是嗎？Yes, he did./ No, he didnt. 是的，他吸。

7、/ 不，他不吸。（3）used to 表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作， 而不是現(xiàn)在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于這里的天氣了。He is used to hard work. 他習(xí)慣于艱苦的工作。（4）used to 可以和be, have 以及其他狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，描寫過去的狀態(tài)。 I used to be a waiter, but now Im a taxi-driver.我過去是一個(gè)服務(wù)員，但現(xiàn)在我是出租車司機(jī)。 本單元的許多運(yùn)用used to 的句子屬于描述過去的狀態(tài)。Mario used to be short.馬力奧過去總是很矮。Amy used

8、to be outgoing.愛米過去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜過去有一頭直的長頭發(fā)。He used to wear black shoes. 他過去常穿黑鞋。Unit3本單元重點(diǎn)講到了被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法英語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be加及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)態(tài)，人稱和數(shù)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與連系動(dòng)詞be完全一樣。一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句式變化： 以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和動(dòng)詞invite為例，列表說明被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句式變化： 二、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)總結(jié)如下： 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)是由be的時(shí)態(tài)決定的，be是什么時(shí)態(tài)，全句就是什么時(shí)態(tài)，be動(dòng)

9、詞后面的過去分詞不變。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)為：主am / is / are （not）過去分詞一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)為：主was / were 過去分詞例如：我們學(xué)過的was / were born 生于，就是一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài).born是個(gè)過去分詞（bear）When were you born ? I was born in 1989. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為: 主語is / am / are + being 過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為: 主語have / has been 過去分詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài): 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過去分詞一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài): 主語will be 過去分詞過去將來時(shí)

10、的被動(dòng)語態(tài): 主語would / should + be 過去分詞過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài): 主語was / were + being 過去分詞過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài): 主語had + been +過去分詞三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰，不用by動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者短語 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都廣泛地踢足球。（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，這時(shí)應(yīng)用by短語。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午這家銀行遭到搶劫。（3）作客觀說明時(shí)，常采用一種被動(dòng)語態(tài)句型It

11、is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.據(jù)報(bào)道美國大約二十名兒童死于流感。四、主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的方法是：（1）把原句中的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z（2）動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)形式，即be+過去分詞（3）原來的主語，如果需要的話，放在by后面，如果沒必要，可省略。請看下表:主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)They make trains in Zhuzhou They use this key for locking the classroom doorMany people speak EnglishHe wrote a lett

12、erThey are building a roadTrains are made in ZhuzhouThis key is used for locking the classroom door(by them)English is spoken by many peopleA letter was written by himA road is being built (by them)Unit4虛擬語氣：如果我們所說的不是事實(shí)，也不是要求、命令、勸告等，而只是一種假設(shè)、愿望、建議或是一種實(shí)現(xiàn)不了的空想就用虛擬語氣注意：條件句分兩種，真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句。只有在虛擬（非真實(shí)）條件句中，

13、才用虛擬語氣，而在真實(shí)條件句中，要用陳述語氣。請比較：（1）If it is sunny tomorrow , well go to the zoo. 如果明天天氣好，我們將會(huì)去公園。在這句話中，明天天氣好是完全有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，并非虛擬、幻想，因此是真實(shí)條件句。在本句中，適用“主將從現(xiàn)。”（2）If I were you , I would go at once. （如果我是你的話，我立刻就走。）在這句話中，條件句，“如果我是你”，但事實(shí)上，我不可能成為你，這只是假設(shè)的情況，沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能。當(dāng)條件實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小，甚至可以說沒有時(shí)，就需要用虛擬語氣來表示，動(dòng)詞發(fā)生了變化。也就是說虛擬語氣表示和現(xiàn)

14、實(shí)的事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句用一般過時(shí)。主句用 “should/would/could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形。1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.知識點(diǎn)2. He doesnt know if he should bring a present.此處if表示“是否”，引導(dǎo)賓語從句。Should此處表示“應(yīng)該”。不

15、是虛擬語氣。E.g.1. I dont know if I should go to the party.2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .知識點(diǎn)3.If I were you , Id wear a shirt and tie. if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞只能用were，而不能用was。E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .知識點(diǎn)4. I dont have a present. What if everyone else brin

16、gs a present?What if “如果怎么辦？”相當(dāng)于 what would happen ifE.g. What shall I do if it snows?知識點(diǎn)5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.Trouble 麻煩事 ,名詞常用搭配 ：get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble whats the trouble “if”引導(dǎo)的條件句。Unit5It must be- (肯定是,100%)It might/could be (有可能,20-80%)It cant be (肯定不是,0%)程度肯定句否定

17、句疑問句must may might/could cantcan1. - Whose book is this? - It must be Marys. (肯定; 一定) It must belong to Mary.2. - Whose French book is this? - It could be Alis. She studies French. (可能)3. The hair band might belong to Linda. might be Lindas. (可能)4. The T-shirt cant be Johns. (不可能)Its much too small

18、for him.練習(xí)：1. - Whose pen is this? - It _ Liu Mei because I saw her use it the other day. A. cant be B. might be C. must belong to2. Thats a piece of good news. They _ glad to hear that. A. can be B. might be C. must be D. cant be3. Mary _ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. A. mu

19、stnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. may notUnit6定語從句1. who 指人,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2. whom指人,作賓語 (作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省) The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.3. which 指物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略, 如介

20、詞提前則不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books? 4. that 指人/物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）A plane is a machine. It can fly.A plane is a machine that can

21、fly.He is the man. I told you about him. He is the man (that) I told you about.The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.The scientist we met yesterday is very famous in the world. who whom thatThe dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing is new. which (3)

22、He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. He is the kind person that I have ever worked with. who whom This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.This is the best film that I have ever seen. 在選擇引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，有如下要點(diǎn)：1 由于關(guān)系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯(lián)系作用，又在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，因此， 要正確判斷關(guān)系代詞在從句中的功能，如作主語還是賓語等。2 當(dāng)先

23、行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用who（做主語，賓語），that（做主語，賓語），whom（作賓語），whose（作定語）3 當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用that（做主語，賓語），which（做主語，賓語）4 再定語從句中，作賓語的關(guān)系代詞長可省略，但在介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。指人時(shí)，介詞后只用whom，指物時(shí)，介詞后只用which。5 在非限制性定語從句中，指人時(shí)，只用who，指物時(shí)，只用which。1定語從句中that與who、which的區(qū)別2定語從句中關(guān)系詞的省略典型例題1. The first job _I found was to be a cleaner.A. where B. wh

24、y C. which D. that解析：指事物的先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，只能用關(guān)系代詞that。故本題的正確答案是D。2. I dont think history is as interesting as English.（改為同義詞）I think history is _ interesting _ English.解析：答案是：less; than。意思是“我認(rèn)為歷史不如英語有趣”。3. The woman who is wearing the hat is my mother.（改為同義句）The woman _ the hat is my mother.解析：讀題后可知：上句含義

25、是“戴帽子的那個(gè)婦女旭我的媽媽”，對應(yīng)下句，可知空格處應(yīng)填“戴”，故正確答案是in。選擇填空1. The poor boy _ lost both his parents last year is called MikeAwhich Bwhat Cwho D2. The bridge _ has been there for nearly fifty years still looks niceAwhich Bwhat C Dwho3. Im one of the students _well in English in my classAwho does Bwho do Cwhich doe

26、s Dwho did4. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday?Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dthe one5. All_ they have done is good for usAwhat Bwhich Cwhy DthatUnit7表達(dá)意愿的幾個(gè)基本句子a. _ _ _ go to France some day.b. _ _ _ go to France some day.c. _ _ _ go to France some day.d. _ _ _ go to France some day.答案：a. I hope to b. Id like to c. Id love to d. I want toShe would like to go to New York. （對劃線部分提問）答案：Where would she like to go?注意：where在本句中為副詞，go后面不能再加to，而Which city would she