高考英語(yǔ)分詞語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)

1、高三英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法系列訓(xùn)練,分 詞,河北望都中學(xué) 鄭長(zhǎng)年,現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞,1 構(gòu)成,2 功能,3 時(shí)態(tài),4 語(yǔ)態(tài),5 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),6 區(qū)別,一、構(gòu)成形式, 過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式(v+ed)。, 現(xiàn)在分詞（否定式not +分詞）：,二、 語(yǔ)法功 能,1作表語(yǔ) 2作定語(yǔ) 3作狀語(yǔ) 4作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征或?qū)傩?；過(guò)去分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人的”，過(guò)去分詞表示“感到”, 如： The news was exciting. He appeared satisfied with my answer.,表語(yǔ),注：已經(jīng)成為形容詞的分詞，可以用 very 修飾；沒(méi)有

2、完全成為形容詞的分詞宜用 much 或 quite，有時(shí)也可用very much，如： Im very much pleased. Hes very much worried about his health.,注意,注意,注：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)注 意與被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別。,系表結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或具有的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)；,被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作，指主語(yǔ)所承受的動(dòng)作。,The small village is surrounded by trees. (狀態(tài)) The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers. (動(dòng)作),系表結(jié)構(gòu)：a. 常用

3、一般現(xiàn)在或一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；b. 一般不帶狀語(yǔ)；c. 可以有不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。,被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：a. 有多種時(shí)態(tài)，常與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)一致；b. 可以帶時(shí)間、方式或 by 短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)；c. 必須是及物動(dòng)詞。,Im interested in chess. I was interested by what you told me.,定語(yǔ), 單獨(dú)作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)放在被修飾的名詞之前，,1.Barking dogs seldom bite. 2.Soon our respected and beloved leaders entered the banquet hall., 在更多情況下，可以用分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，這

4、時(shí)分詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)放在被修飾的名詞之后，在意義上也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，如：,They built a highway leading into the mountains. They are problems left over by history.,注意,分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，意義上接近于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，如：,developing countries = countries that are developing a growing city = a city that is growing liberated areas = areas that have been liberated Who is t

5、he man standing (= that is standing) by the door? Have you read any short stories written(who was written) by Lu Xun?,注意,能夠作后置定語(yǔ)的單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞是非 常有限的，它們是concerned(有關(guān)的)used (用過(guò)的)，given(給予的)，involved(所涉及的)等。這些詞也可作前置定語(yǔ)，但所表達(dá)的意思有所不同。,a concerned look 關(guān)切的神情 the comrade concerned 有關(guān)的 同志 a used car 舊車 the textbook

6、s used 用過(guò)的教科書 the given time 特定的時(shí)間 the time given 給予的時(shí)間 the involved problems 復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題 the problem involved 所涉及的問(wèn)題,b. 表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作, 或現(xiàn)在 (或當(dāng)時(shí)) 的狀態(tài), (變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí), 用一般時(shí)態(tài)), 如： They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south. The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built in 1955., 作定語(yǔ)的

7、現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間有兩種情況：,a. 表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, (變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí)要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)), 如： Tell the children playing there (who are playing there) not to make so much noise., 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作可以在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，也可以是沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性，如：,1.Is this the book recommended by our teacher? 2.The meeting held last week is very important. 3.He is a man lo

8、ved by all. 4.I hate to see letters written in pencil.,注意,注：如果所表示的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)刻正在發(fā)生，或是與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可以用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示,The meeting being held is very important. We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.,注：如果所表示的是一個(gè)未來(lái)的動(dòng)作，可以用一個(gè)不定式的被動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示,The meeting to be held next week is very important. Please

9、tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting., 分詞還可以作非限制性定語(yǔ)（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句），這時(shí)，它和句子的其他部分用逗號(hào)隔開,試比較： All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists. All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists. All the letters in the drawer written in pencil are from my sister. All the letters in

10、 the drawer, written in pencil, are from my sister., 本節(jié)值得注意的問(wèn)題：現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，所表示的動(dòng)作不能先于謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作，也不可以表示將來(lái)。另外，一般不用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作定語(yǔ),下列句子都是錯(cuò)的： Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. (應(yīng)改為who has come from Beijing) Those having finished their work can go home now. (應(yīng)改為who have finished) The man giving us a lecture l

11、ast week left for Shenzhen this morning. (應(yīng)改為who gave us), 系動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式不可用作后置定語(yǔ)，此時(shí)要用從句來(lái)表示，如： Those being busy dont have to go. (應(yīng)改為Those who are busy dont have to go.) His brother being a PLA man is 18 years old. (應(yīng)改為who is), 不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞不可用作后置定語(yǔ)，若要表示這個(gè)意思要用從句，如： The lion died in this zoo the other day w

12、as a mother lion. (應(yīng)改為which/that died),狀語(yǔ),1、分詞作狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨情況、行為方式或?qū)χ^語(yǔ)加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明等。,2、作狀語(yǔ)的分詞(短語(yǔ))通常放在句首或句尾，有時(shí)也可插在句子的主謂語(yǔ)之間。,3、分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。,4、有時(shí)為了明確時(shí)間、條件或結(jié)果，分詞前可加when, while, if, thus等連詞。,(一) 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ), 現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，表示陪襯性的動(dòng)作或伴隨情況,例如： The children ran out of the room, laughing and

13、talking merrily. They stood there for an hour watching the game. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.,注意,a. 分詞表示的必須是主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作；,b. 分詞表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作（或狀態(tài)）是同時(shí)發(fā)生的；,c. 分詞表示的是比較次要的動(dòng)作，對(duì)謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)加以說(shuō)明；,d. 大部分放在謂語(yǔ)之后；,e. 分詞有時(shí)可以與句子的其他部分用逗號(hào)隔開。,作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)：, 現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語(yǔ)，表示行為方式或手段（這類狀語(yǔ)可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，有時(shí)還可以放在句中。其他參考上述a-c

14、），如：,Following the guide, they started to climb. Working this way, they greatly reduced the cost. Travelling by jeep, we visited a number of cities., 現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)，表示原因或理由,如： Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. Being so poor

15、 in those days, we couldnt afford to send the boy to hospital.,注意,如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，則要用完成形式,Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter. Having lived in Berlin many years, he knew the city well., 現(xiàn)在分詞

16、作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（相當(dāng)于 when 引導(dǎo)的從句），如：,Turning around, she saw a police car driving up. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Seeing those pictures, he couldnt help thinking of those days in Yanan.,注意,注：這里分詞表示的是一個(gè)極短暫的動(dòng)作，這動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作立即發(fā)生。這類分詞一般放在句首。如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是完全同時(shí)發(fā)生的，多用 when 或 while + 分詞這種結(jié)構(gòu),如： Be careful w

17、hen crossing the street. Dont mention this while talking to him.,注意,注：如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，分詞的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，這個(gè)分詞要用完成形式(having done),如： Having arrived at a decision, they immediately set to work. Having heard this, the woman astronaut expressed her satisfaction.,如： Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five

18、 children. (結(jié)果) The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay. (結(jié)果) Working hard, you will succeed. (條件) Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the site. (條件) Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. (讓步), 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)還可以表示結(jié)果、條件和讓步,(二) 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ), 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作

19、狀語(yǔ)，可以修飾謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況,Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old. Led by the party, the people have improved their living conditions greatly. Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the room. The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs., 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)表示原因（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句）,The c

20、hildren, exhausted, fell asleep at once. He soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey. (= as he was exhausted), 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以表示時(shí)間（相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）和條件（相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句）,United, we stand; divided, we fall. (=When / If we are united ) Heated, water changes into steam. (=When / If water is heated ) Seen from the hill,

21、 the park looks very beautiful.,過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面有時(shí)可以加上when, if, while, though, as if 等連詞，這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以看作是一種省略的狀語(yǔ)從句（省略部分多為 “主語(yǔ) + be 的多種形式”）。需要注意的是，省略的主語(yǔ)必須和主句的主語(yǔ)相同,If / When heated, water changes into steam. Even if invited, I wont go. We will not attack unless attacked. The girl is very shy, and never speaks u

22、ntil spoken to.,賓補(bǔ),1.要求分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的多是一些“感覺(jué)”和“使役”動(dòng)詞。包括：feel, see, hear, notice, watch, smell, let, get, have, make, want, find, keep, imagine, 等。,2.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。, 現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如： Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. I could feel the cold wind bl

23、owing on my face. He tried to start the engine running. The words immediately set us all laughing. 注意：現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)同時(shí)發(fā)生或正在進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作過(guò)程。, 過(guò)去分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) He watched the TV set carried out of the room. Last year they had the house rebuilt. When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. Youd

24、better have your shoes mended. 注意：過(guò)去分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作完成結(jié)果，并有被動(dòng)意義。, 現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，與賓語(yǔ)有著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一般為賓語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作；過(guò)去分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，與賓語(yǔ)有著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者， He saw an old man getting on the bus. (was getting on ) I once heard this song sung in Japanese. (was once sung ) I dont want the children taken out in suc

25、h weather. (were taken out), 以上句子可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，這時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，與謂語(yǔ)一起稱為“復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)”，如： We were kept waiting for quite a long time. She was never heard singing that song again. One of the glasses was found broken., 有些動(dòng)詞既可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，又可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，有些動(dòng)詞只能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這些動(dòng)詞是：catch, keep, mind, prevent, remember, st

26、op, start, smell, excuse, spy, send 等，,She caught her son smoking a cigarette. I dont mind you joking. I like it. The heavy rain prevented us coming here on time. I dont remember him ever saying anything like that.,6. have/get 后面要求賓補(bǔ)的兩種情況,1. have sb. doing sth.讓人（老是）做某事,She had us working day after

27、day. I dont have you speaking so rudely to me.,2. Have sth.(sb.) done 使某事發(fā)生（被做），請(qǐng)或讓別人做,Youd better have/get your hair cut. They should have him examined by a good doctor. They two had a wedding picture taken yesterday.,三、現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài),現(xiàn)在分詞的一般形式(doing) 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。,1.When I ent

28、ered the room, I found him reading. 2.The teacher came in ,holding a flower in her left hand. 3. Examining the patient carefully, the doctor paid special attention to the pain in his chest.,2.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(having done) 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生 在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。 完成時(shí)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在分詞在句中經(jīng)常作狀語(yǔ)。,Not having made adequate preparation, we

29、 postponed the sports meet. Having examined the patient carefully, the doctor went out of the ward to have a consultation with other doctors.,四、現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)形式, 在表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作時(shí)，如果這個(gè)動(dòng)作是現(xiàn)刻正在進(jìn)行的，或是與謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的，就可以用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式。這種形式可以作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),That building being repaired is our library. （定語(yǔ)） He asked who was th

30、e man being operated on. （定語(yǔ)） Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere. （賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)） As we entered the village, we saw new houses being built. （賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）, 有時(shí)還有完成被動(dòng)形式，如： Having been examined carefully, the patient was sent to the operation room.,Being asked to give a performance, she couldnt very well

31、 refuse.（狀語(yǔ)） Being examined by the doctor, the patient felt a pain in the chest. （狀語(yǔ)）,五、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),在用分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 它邏輯上的主語(yǔ)一般必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致, 否則它必須有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的主語(yǔ), 這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為:獨(dú) 立 結(jié) 構(gòu),獨(dú) 立 結(jié) 構(gòu),獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示伴隨動(dòng)作或情況, 表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等, 例如： He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. (伴隨情況) The shower being over, we continued t

32、o march. (時(shí)間) So many students being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. (原因) Weather permitting, well have an outing tomorrow. (條件) All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. The job done, we went home. The composition written, he handed it to the teacher.,六、分詞的用法比較、區(qū)別,

33、過(guò)去分詞在時(shí)態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上側(cè)重于被動(dòng)； 而現(xiàn)在分詞在時(shí)態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上側(cè)重于主動(dòng)。 這種根本的區(qū)別具體體現(xiàn)在兩種分詞分別充當(dāng)?shù)母鞣N句子成份中。細(xì)述如下：,定語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓補(bǔ),狀語(yǔ),五,六,七,（一）、分詞作定語(yǔ),共同點(diǎn)：分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果分詞只是一個(gè)單詞，那么，該分詞就位于其所修飾的名詞之前；如果是分詞短語(yǔ)，那么，該短語(yǔ)就位于其所修飾的名詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。 不同點(diǎn)：分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，被分詞所修飾的名詞就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。但現(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；而過(guò)去分詞則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所示動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在

34、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或同時(shí)發(fā)生。,1.There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 2.The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing 3.Whats the language _ in G

35、ermany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak,簡(jiǎn)析：首先，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知，句子后半部分是一個(gè)作定語(yǔ)、修飾 noise 的分詞短語(yǔ)；再根據(jù)句意“一陣閃電之后，接著就是一聲巨響?！笨芍?，巨響應(yīng)是主動(dòng)，緊接在閃電之后的。因此，該題應(yīng)選B。,簡(jiǎn)析：首先，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知，待選部分是一個(gè)作定語(yǔ)、修飾 The Olympic Games 的后置分詞短語(yǔ)；再根據(jù) The Olympic Games 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞 play 來(lái)說(shuō)只能是被動(dòng)承受，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此，該題應(yīng)選C。,簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選B。測(cè)試過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)表達(dá)被

36、動(dòng)，等于定語(yǔ)從句 which is spoken,4.Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選A。測(cè)試過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)表達(dá)被動(dòng)，等于定語(yǔ)從句 who were invited 5.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been

37、 invited 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選A。測(cè)試過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)表達(dá)被動(dòng)，等于定語(yǔ)從句who were invited 6.The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選D。測(cè)試過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)放在所修飾的名詞后，可以用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句“which was opened last year”代替 7.The first textbooks _ for teaching E

38、nglish as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選D。測(cè)試過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)表達(dá)被動(dòng)，等于定語(yǔ)從句which were written,（二）、分詞作表語(yǔ),共同點(diǎn)：分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，它起著形容詞的作用。 不同點(diǎn)：分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。但現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作的一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；而過(guò)去分詞則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所示動(dòng)作一

39、般發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或同時(shí)發(fā)生。,1.This news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 簡(jiǎn)析：首先，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知，待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語(yǔ)，因?yàn)?sounds 在此句中用作連系動(dòng)詞；再根據(jù) The news 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞 encourage 來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，即這個(gè)消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，該題應(yīng)選A。 2. -How did Bob do in the exams this time? -Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleas

40、ing B. please C. pleased D. to please 簡(jiǎn)析：首先, 根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知, 待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語(yǔ)。因?yàn)?seems 在此句中用作連系動(dòng)詞; 再根據(jù) his father 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞 please 來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 即這個(gè)結(jié)果使他的父親高興; 換言之, 他的父親因?yàn)槭艿竭@個(gè)結(jié)果的刺激而感到高興。因此, 該題應(yīng)選C。 3. -How did the audience receive the new play? -They got very _. A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選B。

41、測(cè)試他們被那出新戲所打動(dòng)。,（三）、分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),共同點(diǎn)：分詞在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中可作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，對(duì)句子的賓語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充或說(shuō)明作用。 不同點(diǎn)：分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的賓語(yǔ)就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。但現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；而過(guò)去分詞則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所示動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或同時(shí)發(fā)生。,1.The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 簡(jiǎn)析: 首先, 根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知, 待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補(bǔ), 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ) the

42、 man; 再根據(jù)賓語(yǔ) the man 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞 lie 來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 而且, lie 這個(gè)動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 found 同時(shí)進(jìn)行。因此, 該題應(yīng)選A。 2. -Good morning. Can I help you? -Id like to have the package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 簡(jiǎn)析: 首先, 根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知, 待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補(bǔ), 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ) the package; 再根據(jù) the package 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞 weigh 來(lái)說(shuō), 只能是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。因此，該

43、題應(yīng)選D。,3. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. sailing C. to sail D. to have sailed 簡(jiǎn)析: 該題應(yīng)選B。測(cè)試動(dòng)詞 imagine 后要求跟動(dòng)名詞, Peter 是動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。 4.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to mo

44、ve 簡(jiǎn)析: 該題應(yīng)選B。測(cè)試使役動(dòng)詞后用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示賓語(yǔ)正發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。,（四）、分詞作狀語(yǔ),共同點(diǎn)：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般在句子中作時(shí)間、原因、方式或伴隨等狀語(yǔ)。 不同點(diǎn)：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。但現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；而過(guò)去分詞則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所示動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或同時(shí)發(fā)生。,1.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. mak

45、es C. made D. to make 簡(jiǎn)析：首先，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知，待選部分在整個(gè)句中應(yīng)作狀語(yǔ)；再根據(jù) European football 對(duì)于 make 來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，即歐洲足球使之本身成為一項(xiàng)最受世人歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)。因此，該題應(yīng)選A。 2._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選C。 測(cè)試非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式是在其前直接加 not 。若動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前時(shí)用非謂語(yǔ)的完成式。

46、3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選C。測(cè)試現(xiàn)在分詞可以作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的狀語(yǔ)。,4. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily po

47、inting 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選A。測(cè)試現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，通過(guò)副詞 angrily 進(jìn)行干擾。若B 答案為 and pointed angrily 時(shí)也對(duì)。 另外，分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果其邏輯主語(yǔ)與整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，需要獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或 with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)替代。(此時(shí)，也可把該分詞看成介詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。) 例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 簡(jiǎn)析：很顯然，待選部分的邏輯主語(yǔ)是 his hands，而

48、不是句子的主語(yǔ) The murderer , 而 his hands 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞 tie 來(lái)說(shuō)，只能是被動(dòng)承受。因此，該題應(yīng)選D。,（五）、作表語(yǔ)的分詞與時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)中的分詞區(qū)別,作表語(yǔ)的分詞表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或特征； 構(gòu)成進(jìn)行、完成時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作。,The weather this summer is disappointing. （表語(yǔ)） The present situation is encouraging us to continue our research. （進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)） The window was broken. （表語(yǔ)） The window was brok

49、en by Tom. （被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）,（六）、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別,過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念； 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式強(qiáng)調(diào)某一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。,The building repaired is our library. （完成） The building being repaired is our library. （進(jìn)行）,（七）、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞在時(shí)間含義上的區(qū)別,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的分詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的從句；而終止性動(dòng)詞的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的從句。,Walking in the street the other day (=While I

50、 was walking in the street the other day), I came across an old friend of mine. Arriving at the airport (=When I arrived at the airport), I found my flight had taken off.,練習(xí)題,1.I cannot understand _ such a well-paid job. A. him to give up B. him to have given up C. his giving up D. his being given u

51、p 2.Janes summer vacation in England led to _ an Englishman. A. her marry B. her to marry C. her being married D. her marrying 3.She was sad because of _ any chance left. A. there being not B. there not being C. not there being D. there was not 4.If you think a letter is too slow, why not _ a telegr

52、am? A. try to have sent B. trying to send C. to try to send D. try sending 5.There is no chance _ him today. A. in seeing B. to seeing C. of seeing D. about seeing,6.I know you like _ . Would you like _ with me now? A. to swim, to swim B. swimming, swimming C. swimming, to swim D. to swim, swimming

53、7.Before _, the machine must be checked. A. being used B. using it C. being used to D. using 8.To give up _ means _ . A. smoking, stopping smoking B. smoking, to stop smoking C. to smoke, to stop to smoke D. to smoke, stopping to smoke 9. What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a s

54、econd time. A. to read B. reading C. to be read D. being read 10. “What has made you so upset?” “_ my new bike.” A. Lost B. Because of losing C. Since I lost D. Losing,11. I still remember _ to Beijing when I was six. A. to take B. taking C. having taking D. having been taken 12. Some foreigner used

55、 to _ on the left in their own countries, but now they have got used to _ on the right in our country. A. driving, drive B. drive, drive C. drive, driving D. driving, driving 13. He remained _ there, for he grew _ in many things there. A. staying, interesting B. staying, interested C. to stay, inter

56、est D. stayed, interested 14. It is important for parents and young people to learn how to get through to each other and develop skill in understanding and _. A. being understood B. to be understood C. understand D. understood 15. _ more trees is good for health and it is also important to stop wast

57、e from factories _ our surroundings. A. To plant, pollute B. Planting, to pollute C. Plant, polluting D. Planting, polluting,16. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling 17. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 18. “The light in the office is still on.” “Oh, I forgot _ .” A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 19. “I must apologize for _ ahead of time.” “Thats all right.” A. letting you not know B. not letti