British-education-systemPPT課件

1、BritishEducationSystem,1,-,Keypoints,1.ThepurposeoftheBritisheducationsystem2.Therelationshipbetweeneducationandsocialclass3.TheinfluenceoftheChurchonschooling4.The1944EducationAct5.Comprehensiveschool6.Grammarschool,2,-,7.TheNationalCurriculum8.Publicschools9.GCSE10.GCE-A11.GNVQs12.Thepresenteducat

2、ionsystem13.Highereducation,3,-,ThepurposeoftheBritisheducationsystem,providechildrenwithliteracyandtheotherbasicskillssocializechildrenchildrenaretaughtpracticalskillslearntherulesandvaluesparticipateinthecommunitycontributetotheeconomicprosperityofanadvancedindustrialeconomy.,4,-,Therelationshipbe

3、tweeneducationandsocialclass,1.InequalityinBritisheducation(1)ThoughthesplitofBritishmiddleandworkingclassareabouthalfandhalf,theopportunitiesofeducationareratherdifferent.(2)Theschooltieisaclearmakerofsocialclass2.GoodeducationGuaranteesacareer(1)TherightschoolsParticularlythefamousboyspublicschool

4、slikeEtonand(伊頓公學),Winchester(溫切斯特公學).(2)TherightuniversitiesOxfordUniversityandCambridgeUniversity.,5,-,(3)TheoldboysnetworkAnelitegroupofmenwhowenttofamousschoolanduniversitytogether.Notonlydotheydominantgovernmentbuttheyarealsoveryinfluentialinbanking,themedia,theartsandeducation.OxfordUniversity

5、CambridgeUniversity,6,-,Theinfluenceofthechurchonschooling,Educationwasvoluntaryandmanyoftheschoolsthatexistedweresetupbychurches.Religiouseducationwastheonlysubject.Dailyprayersandsinginghymnsisstillaregularpartofschoollife.,7,-,The1944EducationAct,1.DuringWorldWar,schoolswereclosedorusedforwarpurp

6、oseandeducationcontinuedinthecountrysideonanashocbasis.2.Asaresultofthedisruptionoftheoldsystem,thegovernment,withtheassistanceoftheChurchandnewlypowerfultradeunionsbeganplanningtoreconstructtheeducationsystemwhichemphasizesequality.3.Theresultwasthe1944EducationActmadeentrytosecondary(middle)school

7、sanduniversities“meritocratic”.,8,-,Comprehensiveschool,Entranceexamswereabolished.Suchschoolsprovideageneraleducation.Pupilscanstudyeverythingfromacademicsubjectslikeliteratureandsciences,tomorepracticalsubjectslikecookingandcarpentry.,Grammarschool,Thosewhoshowacademicpotentialareadmittedtothegram

8、marschoolswheretheemphasisisonadvancedacademicworkratherthanthemoregeneralcurriculumofthecomprehensiveschools.,9,-,TheNationalCurriculum,1.Allchildrenthroughoutthecountrymuststudythefollowingsubjects:English,mathematics,science,religiouseducation,history,geography,technology,music,art,physicaleducat

9、ion,andamodernforeignlanguage.2.Allchildrenthroughoutthecountrymustpassnationaltestsandschools.3.Allteachersaretoldwhattoteachandtheirschoolsarenowrankedaccordingtohowwelltheyperformthistask,10,-,Publicschools,Intheprivatesectorthereareindependentschoolswhicharecommonly,butconfusingly,calledpublicsc

10、hool.(私立學校).Theyarecalledpublicschoolsbecausetheywereoriginallyseenas“public”alternativestohavingprivatetutorsinaristocratichouseholds.Eton(伊頓公學)Harrow(哈羅公學),11,-,GCSE：GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducationGCEA：GeneralCertificateofEducation-AdvancedGNVQs：GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications,12,-,

11、Thepresenteducationsystem,1.EducationintheUKiscompulsoryChildrenarelegallyobligedtoattendschoolfromtheagesof5(4inNorthernIreland)to16.2.Statesectorandprivatesectorschools（1）Statesector:stateschoolsStateschoolarefundedbylocalandcentralgovernment.Theyprovidefreeeducationforstudentsandabout93%Britishch

12、ildrengotostateschools(2)Privatesector:independentschoolsIndependentschoolsarecommonlycalledpublicschoolswhichreceiveheirfundingthroughtheprivatesectorandtuitionrates,withsomegovernmentassistance.,13,-,Independentschoolsarenotpartofnationaleducationsystem,butthequalityofinstructionandstandardsaremai

13、ntainedthroughvisitsfromHerMajestysInspectorsofSchools.Theseschoolsarerestrictedtothestudentswhoseparentsarecomparativelyrich.(3)”leaguetables”Parentscanchoosebetweensendingtheirchildrentostateschoolsorprivateschoolsaccordingtoasystemof“l(fā)eaguetables”.“Leaguetables”:comparativetableswhichrankschoolsa

14、ccordingtopublicexamresults,truancyrates,destinationsofschoolleavers,andsoon.,14,-,3.Schoolingstatesandexams(1)Pre-primaryschoolingUptoage5,childrenmayhavesomepre-primaryschoolinginnurseryschools,daycareorplaygroups(2)PrimaryschoolBetween5to11,pupilsmainlyattendstatesectorprimaryschools.Theyarecalle

15、dco-educationalormixedschoolsbecausetheyadmitbothboysandgirls.(3)SecondaryschoolsFrom11to19,studentsattendsecondaryschoolsTwotypesofsecondaryschools:ComprehensiveschoolsGrammarschools,15,-,Highereducation,1.Fund(1)Britishuniversitiesarepublicbodieswhichreceivefundsfromcentralgovernment.(2)Theonlypri

16、vatelyfundeduniversityinBritainistheUniversityofBuckingham.2.FoundingTime(1)OxfordandCambridgedatefromthe12thand13thcenturies.Thetwouniversitiesarecollectivelycalled“Oxbridge”.(2)ScottishuniversitiesofStAndrews,Glasgow,EdinburghandAberdeenarefromthe14thand15thcenturies.(3)Therestwerefoundedinthe19th

17、and20thcentury.Inthe1960s,manynewuniversitieswerebuilt.In1992,polytechnicsandotherhighereducationestablishmentsweregiventherighttobecomeuniversities.By1994,Britainhad83universities.,16,-,3.Openuniversity(1)TargetstudentsTheOpenUniversitywasfoundedinBritaininthe1960sforpeoplewhomightnotgettheopportun

18、ityforhighereducationforeconomicandsocialreasons.(2)EntranceItsopentoeverybodyanddoesnotdemandthesameformaleducationalqualificationsastheotheruniversities.(3)MethodsofteachingUniversitycoursesarefollowedthroughTV,radio,correspondence,videoandanetworkofstudycenters.(4)CertificateAttheendoftheirstudiesattheOpenUniversity,successfulstudentsareawardedauniversitydegree.,17,-,4.Degreetitles(1)FirstdegreeCoursesaremainlyfulltimeand3years,exceptinSc