主旨大意題（解題技巧）-2024年高考英語答題技巧與模板構(gòu)建 （原卷版）

題型03主旨大意題

需高=?常見題型解讀

1'命題特點(diǎn)

主旨大意題在高考中出現(xiàn)次數(shù)穩(wěn)定，通常1-2題，但題目具有一定難度。這類試題主要考查通過快

速瀏覽文章，獲得主旨大意，并對(duì)文章的標(biāo)題、主題、段落大意等進(jìn)行歸納、概括的能力。

廠’考查方向

主旨大意題題干關(guān)鍵詞besttitle,mainidea/theme/subject,mainlyabout等。題目類型包括標(biāo)題歸納

題、段落大意題、文章大意題。

n命題規(guī)律

1.段首、段尾處?？?/p>

2.轉(zhuǎn)折詞處?？?/p>

3.因果關(guān)系處?？?/p>

4.問題處?？?/p>

02

跟我學(xué)?解題思維剖析

主旨大意題解題思維

i.主題句必須能簡(jiǎn)潔明了地概括全文的主要內(nèi)容，具有高度的綜合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句

子都是對(duì)主題句的進(jìn)一步的解釋、說明、論證或拓展。

2.一般說來說明文和議論都有主題句，而且多位于文章的開頭，有時(shí)也位于文章的中間或末尾。

3.不能直接在文章中直接找到主題句，抓每一段的主旨句，一般在段首。理清楚段與段之間邏輯關(guān)系

然后自己歸納總結(jié)。

模板1標(biāo)題歸納題

1.簡(jiǎn)潔：短小精悍，多為短語，動(dòng)名詞短語或祈使句。

2.概括：概括全文、涵蓋性強(qiáng)、體現(xiàn)主旨；

標(biāo)題模板

3.針對(duì)：標(biāo)題外延與文章內(nèi)容相符，范圍一致，不會(huì)以偏概全；

4.醒目：新穎奇特，激發(fā)讀者的閱讀興趣；

1.正面思維肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，串聯(lián)細(xì)節(jié)共同點(diǎn)，斷定標(biāo)題。；

2.逆向思維否定法：拋開原文，設(shè)想各個(gè)選項(xiàng)為“標(biāo)題”用它們寫出來的“文章”會(huì)是什

答題規(guī)律么內(nèi)容，然后和原文章對(duì)照，依次排除不符選項(xiàng)；

3.研讀備選項(xiàng)差異：研讀四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里面的中心詞、修飾詞的變化、概括性等。

干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)斷章取義（僅為文中一細(xì)節(jié)）、以偏概全、物種生有、范圍過大。

模板2段落大意題

結(jié)構(gòu)法和關(guān)鍵詞法

L總分：主題句在段首；

2.分總：主題句在段尾；

3.總分總：主題句段首尾前后呼應(yīng)；

4.分總分：開頭拋磚引玉，主題在段總；

5.關(guān)鍵詞：抓住段落中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的關(guān)鍵詞，然后對(duì)其概括和歸納，確定段落大意。

答題規(guī)律主題句的判斷

段首1.主題句多為段首第一句（觀點(diǎn)或?qū)ο螅换虻谝痪鋻伌u引玉引出第二句。

段尾2.主題句也常為段尾句（結(jié)論或總結(jié)）。

段中前面的話是為引出主題而擺出問題或現(xiàn)象。

無主題句沒有主題句，需根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容自己概括。重點(diǎn)提煉各個(gè)段落首句，兼顧尾句。

模板3文章大意題

四種方法巧利用

1.文體法：新聞報(bào)道主旨在第一句；說明文主旨在第一段或第二段；議論文主旨在首段或尾段；記敘文主

旨一般在尾段或首尾呼應(yīng)。

2.主題句法：讀文章標(biāo)題；略讀各段首尾句；讀首段和尾端；讀邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)詞后的句子內(nèi)容。

3.高頻詞法：尋找文中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的關(guān)鍵詞。

4.概括法：中心主旨隱含在句子中，需要考生根據(jù)已知的細(xì)節(jié)歸納出文中的大意。

主題句特點(diǎn)

1.段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(如however,but,infact,actually等)時(shí)，該句很可能是主題句。

2.首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí)，對(duì)該問句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

3.作者有意識(shí)地重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。

4.表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等詞，通常是主旨。

命題點(diǎn)01標(biāo)題歸納題

【典例01]

（2023?浙江嘉興?統(tǒng)考一模）

Itwasaquietmorninginthelibrary,andwelibrarianswereenjoyingaratherloudchat.Suddenly,apatron

（?？停﹎archeduptous,gaveusanannoyed“Shush!”andwentbacktoherseat.Howstrangeforagroupof

librarianstobeshushedbyapatron!Shouldn'titbetheotherwayaround?

Well,ifscomplicated.Ifyou'relikeme,amiddle-agedwoman,youprobablyrememberlibrariesasplacesof

silentreading.Thesedays,however,librariesaremorelikeactivecommunitycenters.

Inthepast,mostlibrariesdidn'tfocusmuchonprogramsforkidswhoseagemadeitimpossibleforthemtobe

quietondemand.Butgrowingknowledgeabouttheimportanceofkidsandteenslearningthroughhands-on

experienceshassincecausedaseachangeinhowlibrariesconnectwithyoungreaders.Nowlibrariesbegin

offeringinteractiveprogramsforkids,includingcrafts,boardgames,andstorytimes.Thesetypesofprograms

certainlyaren'tdesignedtobesilent.

Alongwithmoreprogramsforever-youngerchildren,technologytodayhasplayedapartinthetransformation

oflibrariesintoplaceswherebothkidsandadultscanusecomputers,makesomethingona3Dprinterandmore.In

addition,manylibrariesnowofferprogramsforadults,whocanparticipateininbookdiscussion,learncalligraphy,

andeventakecollegeclasses.

Ofcourse,librariesstillneedpeacefulphones.Thesedays,manylibrarieshaveglassed-offstudyroomsor

quietareas.Theyarealsolessnoisyintheearlyafternoons,aftermorningchildren'sprogramsandbeforethe

after-schoolkidcrowdarrive.

IfscleartomenowthatonthedaymycolleaguesandIwereshushedbyapatron,weshouldhavebeenusing

our“l(fā)ibraryvoices“aswetalked.Still,it'sunlikelythatlibrarieswilleverreturntothedayswhentheywereplaces

ofsilence.There5sjusttoomuchfunandlearninghappening.

46.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.LibrariesShouldbeLoudB.ReadingCanbeFuninLibraries

C.LibrariesMakeLearningHappenD.LibraryProgramsTargetChildren

【典例02]

（2023?廣東深圳?高三?？茧A段練習(xí)）

Today,poetryandscienceareoftenconsideredtobemutuallyexclusivecareerpaths.Butthatwasn'talways

thecase.ThemathematicianAdaLovelaceandthephysicistJamesClerkMahwahwerebothaccomplishedpoets.

ThepoetJohnKeatswasalicensedsurgeon.Combiningthetwopracticesfelloutoffavorinthe1800s.But

translatingresearchintolyrics,haiku,andotherpoeticformsisresurging（再現(xiàn)）amongscientistsastheylookfor

alternativewaystoinspireotherswiththeirfindings.

“Poetryisagreattoolforquestioningtheworld,saysSamIllingworth,apoetandageoscientistwhoworks

attheUniversityofWesternAustralia.Throughworkshopsandanewscience-poetryjournal,calledConsilience,

Illingworthishelpingscientiststotranslatetheirlatestresultsintopoemsthatcanattractappreciationfromthose

outsideoftheirimmediatescientificfield.

StephanyMazon,ascientistfromtheUniversityofHelsinkiinFinland,joinedoneofIllingworth'sworkshops.

Intheworkshop,shewasgroupedwithotherscientistsandtaskedwithwritingahaiku,a17-syllable-longpoem,

whichspotlightedwater,afluidthatfeaturedinallofthegroupmembers5researchprojects.64Itwasalotoffun,

andsurprisinglyeasytowritethepoem,^^Mazonsays.Sheplanstocontinuewriting.t4Wedoadisservice（傷害）to

ourselvestothinkthatscientistscan'tbeartisticandthatartcan'tbeuseatocommunicatescientificideas,Mazon

says.

ThatviewpointisechoedbyIllingworth,whothinkssciencecommunicationinitiativesaretoooften

dominatedbypubliclectureswiththeirhands-offPowerPointslides."Actually,whensciencecommunication

involveswritingandsharingpoems,itinvitesatwo-waydialoguebetweenexpertsandnonexperts,hesays.

Scientist-poetManjulaSilva,aneducatoratImperialCollegeLondon,agrees.Poetryprovidesawaytotranslate

complexscientificconceptsintoalanguagethateveryonecanunderstand,Silvasays.

Scientistsandpoetsarebothtryingtounderstandtheworldandcommunicatethatunderstandingwithothers.

Thedistinctionbetweenscientistsandpoetsislessthanpeoplemightthink.We'realljustpeoplewithhopefully

reallyinterestingthingstosayandtoshare.

39.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Poetry:AGreatTooltoQuestiontheWorld

B.ScientistsTakeonPoetry

C.ScienceCommunication:ATwo-wayDialogue

D.ScientistsandPoetsThinkAlike

命題點(diǎn)02段落大意題

【典例oil

（2023?湖南長(zhǎng)沙?高三湖南師大附中?？茧A段練習(xí)）

Despitebeingconnectedonline,nomatterwhatstateyou'refrom,eachcitystillretainsitsownlanguageand

slang.AtmypublichighschoolinLosAngeles,wehadourownsecretlanguage.Apartywasa"yart”.Abeerwas

a"brewsky”.IfItriedtousethesewordsinfrontofanyonethatdidn'tliveinLosAngeles,theywouldhaveno

ideawhatwasgoingon.WhenIcametocollegeandusedthesewordsaroundmyroommatefromtheEastCoast,

shewouldlookatmewithablankstare.

Whetherthewaywetalkisregionalorfromonline,thesoulofcommunicationliesinitspowertoconnect

people,fosterunderstanding,andfacilitateinteractionsthatshapeourpersonalandsociallives.Ihaveoftenfound

it'sthewayweconnectwiththepeoplewelivearound.

58.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthelastparagraph?

A.Themeansofcommunication.B.Thenatureofcommunication.

C.Theelementsofcommunication.D.Theprocessofcommunication.

【典例02】

（2023?浙江嘉興?統(tǒng)考一模）

Inthepast,mostlibrariesdidn'tfocusmuchonprogramsforkidswhoseagemadeitimpossibleforthemtobe

quietondemand.Butgrowingknowledgeabouttheimportanceofkidsandteenslearningthroughhands-on

experienceshassincecausedaseachangeinhowlibrariesconnectwithyoungreaders.Nowlibrariesbegin

offeringinteractiveprogramsforkids,includingcrafts,boardgames,andstorytimes.Thesetypesofprograms

certainlyaren'tdesignedtobesilent.

44.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Thepastandthepresentoflibraries.B.Thereasonforthechangeoflibraries.

C.Theactivitiesforyoungchildreninlibraries.D.Theconnectionbetweenlibrariesandreaders.

命題點(diǎn)03文章大意題

【典例】

（2023?河南駐馬店?高三校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí)）

WehadfinallydecidedtoskipourtraditionalfamilydinnerandmakethetriptoMacy'sThanksgivingDay

ParadewhenKerrywas5.Likemanyotherfamilieswepackedasmallbackpackwithslicedturkeysandwiches

andjuiceboxes.Aftergettingoffthetrain,wewerewalkinguptotheentrancewhenKerryspottedahomeless

womansittingintheshadows,invisibletoallexceptmycuriousdaughter.

“What'sthat?"sheasked.LindaandIlookedateachother,worriedabouttheneedtoexplainsomethingvery

differentthanthehappyscenewewereabouttojoin.Duringourfirstyearsofparenthoodwe'ddiscussedhowwe

wouldexplainsuchtopicsaslife,death,andlove.Buthomelessness?Itcamesosuddenlythatwejustgaveas

simpleanexplanationaswecouldandcontinuedontotheparade.

Thefollowingyear,wedecidedtoattendtheparadeagain.SothenightbeforeThanksgivingwewent

shoppingforslicedturkeyforsandwiches.atCanwebringsomesandwichesforthosepeople?^^sheinquired,Again,

Kerrycaughtusoffguard.tcWhy??,wasmyfirstreaction.Butweknewimmediatelywhomshemeant.Howcould

werefuse?Whywouldwerefuse?ThiswasagoldenopportunitytohonorKerry'ssenseofcharity.Six-year-old

Kerrywasteachingusanimportantlesson.Thatnightwepreparedandpackedtwo-dozensandwichesintoournow

overstuffedbackpack.

ScanningtheshadowsafterreachingManhattanagain,Kerryspottedahomelessmansittinginthesamespot

aslastyear.Westoppedandtookoutthefirstofthelittlefeastsfromthepack.Withoutawordofinstruction,we

handedittoKerry.Shewalkedovertothemanslowly,handingthesandwichtohim.Neitherspokeaword.Then

wewereofftotheparade,stoppingalongthewaytodistributetherestofthesandwiches,exceptoneforeachofus.

Somehow,nogiantThanksgivingsit-downfeastevertastedasgoodasthosesandwiches.Overthenext

decadewedidthesamethingsagainandagain.Afterall,there9snothinglikesharingaturkeysandwichwithnew

friends.

8.WhatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellusaboutThanksgiving?

A.Ifsawordofaction.B.Ifsanoldtradition.

C.Ifsagoodtimeofreunion.D.Ifsasurprisingfeast.

吃篇ii?知識(shí)遷移強(qiáng)化

L（2023?河南駐馬店?高三校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí)）

Fallenleavesareeverywhereaswintercomes.Traditionally,peoplesweepupthefallenleaves,putthemin

bagsandsendthemtolandfills.Butthereisagrowingmovementtoleaveleavesontheground.They511naturally

breakdownoverthewinterintorichorganicmatter.Thematteralsoshelterssomeinsects.

Butsomeleavespreventthegrowthofotherplants.Blackwalnut（黑胡桃），forexample,containsapoisonin

itsleavesthatkillsmanyplants,includingapples,peppers,tomatoesandpotatoes.Besides,wholeleavesshouldnot

bepermittedtoremainonwalkways,wheretheycouldmakethepathdangerouslyslippery.Theyshouldalsonotbe

leftongrasslawns,wheretheyarelikelytocausedisease.Inareasthatexperiencesnowcover,waterwould

becometrappedbetweengrassandleaves.Inareaswithoutsnow,wholeleavesthatcovergrassesblockwaterand

sunlightfromreachingthesoilbelow.

Manypeoplechoosetobreakuptheleavesusingamachineandletthepiecesfallbetweenpiecesofgrass.

Thenthepiecesbreakdownfurtherinthesoil.However,thistreatmentcankillinsectsandtheireggs.

Anothermethodistotaketheleavesoffthelawnandspreadthemlightlytocovergardenbeds.Theleaves

mostlybreakdownbyspringandalmostentirelybysummer.Butifnot,theyshouldberemovedbeforespring

growthbegins.

Leavesalsocanbeusedtomakeleafmold（腐葉土）,atypeoffertilizermadeentirelyfromleaves.Justputthe

leavesinacorner,addnitrogenfertilizer（氮月巴），andthenwaterthemtokeepthemwetinside.Itmaytakeayearor

two,buttheleaveswillbreakdownintoanutritioussoil.

Fallenleavesbuildrichsoil,protectplantrootsandshelterwildlife,inyourgarden,andelsewhere.Done

correctly,leavingtheleavesisoneofthebestwaystoturnyardwasteintofreefertilizer,whichisgoodforplants,

theenvironment,andsavingmoney.Whywastethatimportantresource?

31.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.HowCanFallenLeavesBeTurnedintoArt?B.DoLeavesFalltotheGroundAroundtheRoots?

C.ShouldYou"LeavetheLeaves^^ontheGround?D.WillWhatComesfromLeavesReturntotheSoil?

2.（2023?寧夏銀川?高三銀川唐徐回民中學(xué)?？迹?/p>

LanguageslikeItalianorFinnishcanbespelledmoreeasilybecauseeachletterofthealphabetmatchestoone

sound.Studentsstudyingtheselanguagescanhave90percentreadingaccuracyafterthefirstyear.However,

studentsevenafteryearsoflearningEnglisharestillfarbelowItalianorFinnishstudentsinreadingaccuracy.

EnglishstartedasaGermaniclanguage.ItismostcloselyconnectedtoGermanandDutch,especiallyin

grammarandbasicvocabulary.DuringtheNormaninvasioninthe12thcentury,OldEnglishwasspokenbut

Frenchwasusedingovernmentandlegaldocuments.AndLatinwasusedinreligiousandeducationalactivities.As

aresult,moreFrenchandLatinwordsenteredtheEnglishlanguage.Theprintingpressinventedinthelate1400s

helpedtoestablishEnglishspelling.TheEnglishoftodayishowthelanguagewaswrittenatthetime.However,

thespokenlanguagestartedtochangeinthe1500swiththepronunciationofalllongvowels（元音）.Forexample,

“bite"waspronouncedcloserto"beet"inthe1400s,beforechangingthroughtheyearstoitscurrentsound.The

effectwasthattheEnglishlanguagehadoldspellings,butnewsounds.

Englishhas26lettersinthealphabet,butover44individualsoundsdependingonthevariationofspoken

English.Thereareseveralsoundsrepresentedbyonlyoneletter.Forexample,theletter"C"cansoundlikean"S"

asin"city”.Anditalsosoundslikea"K"asin"cat”.

Thereareonly5or6vowellettersintheEnglishalphabet.TheyincludeA,E,I,O,U,andsometimesY.But

thereare20differentwaystosoundthem.Atthecentreisthemostcommonvowelsoundof"uhhh”.Itisthemost

relaxedandnaturalsound.Ittakesalmostnoeffortofthetongueorthroattocreatethesound.Sinceittakeslittle

effort,thesound"uhhh"oftenmakesitswayintopronunciations.Forexample,theword"please“oftenturnsinto

“PUH-lease“whensomeoneistryingtocallattention.ThisisanotherreasonwhyspellinginEnglishissodifficult!

25.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.ThecomplexhistoryofEnglish.

B.TheformationofmodernEnglish.

C.TheinfluenceofEnglishonotherlanguages.

D.FactorspromotingthedevelopmentofEnglish.

3.（2023?福建?高三校聯(lián)考期中）

Imagineyoucanopenyourfridge,openanapponyourphoneandimmediatelyknowwhichitemswillgobad

soon.ThisisoneoftheapplicationsthatanewtechnologydevelopedbyengineersattheUniversityofCalifornia

SanDiegowouldenable.

Thetechnologycombinesachip（芯片）integratedintoproductpackagingandasoftwareupdateonyour

phone.Thephonebecomescapableofidentifyingobjectsbasedonsignalsthechipsendsoutfromspecific

frequencies,inthiscaseBluetoothorWiFi.Inanindustrialsetting,asmartphoneequippedwiththesoftwareupdate

couldbeusedasaradiofrequencyidentification（RFID）reader.

Theworkusesbreakthroughsinbackscatter（反向散射）communication,whichusessignalsalreadygenerated

byyoursmartphoneandre-directsthembackinaformatyourphonecanunderstand.Effectively,thistechnique

useslesspowerthanthelatesttechnologytogenerateWiFisignals.

Thecustomchip,whichisroughlythesizeofagrainofsandandcostsonlyafewpenniestoproduce,needs

solittlepowerthatitcanbeentirelypoweredbyLTEsignals,atechniqueforwirelessbroadbandcommunication

formobiledevices.ThechipturnsBluetoothsignalsintoWiFisignals,whichcaninturnbedetectedbya

smartphonewiththatspecificsoftwareupdate.

Thetechnology'sbroaderpromiseisthedevelopmentofdevicesthatdonotneedbatteriesbecausetheycan

harvestpowerfromLTEsignalsinstead.Thisinturnwouldleadtodevicesthataresignificantlylessexpensivethat

lastlonger,saidDineshBharadia,oneofthepaper'sseniorauthors.

“E-waste,especiallybatteries,isoneofthebiggestproblemstheplanetisfacing,afterclimatechange,

Bharadiasaid.

Forfutureresearch,theteamwillintegratethistechnologyintootherprojectstodemonstrateitscapabilities,

andtheyalsohopetocommercializeit,eitherthroughastartuporthroughanindustrypartner.

16.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.NewtechnologyturnssmartphonesintoRFIDreaders

B.Smartphonesneedtobeequippedwithsoftupdates

C.RFIDreadersobtainnewchipsandhavenewfunctions

D.Backscattercommunicationmakesthebestofsmartphones

4.（2023?河北?高三泊頭市第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中）

Researchhasfoundthatusingwoodforconstructioninsteadofconcreteandsteelcanreduceemissions.But

TimSearchingeratPrincetonUniversitysaysmanyofthesestudiesarebasedonthefalsefoundationthat

harvestingwoodiscarbonneutral（碳中和）.“Onlyasmallpercentageofthewoodgetsintoatimber（木料）

product,andapartofthatgetsintoatimberproductthatcanreplaceconcreteandsteelinabuilding,9,hesays.

Efficienciesvaryindifferentcountries,butlargeamountsofaharvestedtreearelefttobedividedintoparts,used

inshort-livedproductslikepaperorburnedforenergy,allofwhichgenerateemissions.

InareportfortheWorldResourcesInstitute,Searchingerandhiscolleagueshavemodelledhowusingmore

woodforconstructionwouldaffectemissionsbetween2010and2050,accountingfortheemissionsfrom

harvestingthewood.Theyconsideredvarioustypesofforestsandpartsofwoodgoingtowardsconstruction.They

alsofactoredintheemissionssavingsfromreplacingconcreteandsteel.

Undersomecircumstances,theresearchersfoundsignificantemissionsreductions.Buteachcaserequired

whattheyconsideredanunrealisticallyhighportionofthewoodgoingtowardsconstruction,aswellasrapid

growthonlyseeninwarmerplaces,likeBrazil.Ingeneral,theyfoundalargeincreaseinglobaldemandforwood

wouldprobablyleadtorisingemissionsfordecades.Accountingforemissionsinthisway,theresearchersreported

inarelatedpaperthatincreasingforestharvestsbetween2010and2050wouldaddemissionsequaltoroughly10

percentoftotalannualemissions.

AliAmiriatAaltoUniversityinFinlandsaysthereporfsconclusionsaboutemissionsfromrisingdemandare

probablycorrect,butthestoryisdifferentforwoodwealreadyharvest."'Boostingtheefficiencyofcurrentharvests

andusingmorewoodforlongerlivedpurposesthanpaperwouldcutemissions,hesays."Wecannotjustsaywe

shouldstopusingwood.^^

10.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Theprocessofthenewresearch.B.Thebackgroundofthenewstudy.

C.Thechallengeofthenewresearch.D.Theachievementsofthenewstudy.

5.（2023?福建泉州?高三校考期中）

IT'SATYPICALmorning:youwakeup,takeashower,brushyourteeth,andthenprick（刺；扎）yourarm

withatinyneedle.Wait,what?Unlessyouhaveaseriousdiseasesuchasdiabetes,youprobablyhaven,tevertested

yourownblood.Butinthefuture,thatmightchange.

ThecompanyCoralreadysellsasystemforhomebloodtesting.Youstickyourarmusingasupposedly

painless,one-off,blood-drawingcartridge（針筒）aboutthesizeofalipstick.Thenyoustickthecartridgeintoa

devicethatlookslikethebaseforanelectrictoothbrush.Afewminuteslater,anapponyourphonebuzzeswith

updatedinformation,includingyourcurrenthealthdataandtipsonwhattoeatandhowtoexerciseduringtheday.

Ifstruethatbloodcontainsawealthofinformationaboutaperson'shealth.Bloodtestscanshowifapersonis

infectedwithadiseaseoratriskforavarietyofproblems,includingaheartattackorastroke.Butmostpeople

don'ttesttheirownblooduntiladoctorsaysit'stime.Healthyyoungadultsgetregularbloodtestsabouteveryfive

years.Thesetestshappenatalab,whereatechnicianoranursesticksalongneedleintothearmtodrawout

severaltubesfullofblood.Corandsimilarcompanies,suchasWellnessFX,aretryingtochangeallthat.They

thinkpeopledeserveaccesstomoreinformationabouttheirownhealth.

Butnoteveryoneisconvincedthatregularbloodtestingforhealthypeopleisagreatidea.Cor'ssystemis

expensiveandmaypotoffermuchbenefit."Thelightestresulthereisthatyouloseyourmoneyandthenyou're

remindedtogetmoresleepandtoeatmorefruits,vegetables,andfish,“PieterCohenofHarvardMedicalSchool

toldtheNewYorkTimes.46Theworstresultisthatyouendupgettingfrightenedbyprobablyabnormalresultsthat

areactuallycompletelynormalforyou.^^

Plus,theresultsofahomebloodtestmightbewrong.It'shardtogetaccurateresultsfromatinyamountof

blood.Sowhatdoyouthink?Ismonitoringyourownhealthviapinpricksthewayofthefuture?Orisitbetterto

leavebloodtestingtomedicalprofessionals?

8.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Homebloodtests:yesorno?B.Shouldbloodtestsbeallowedathome?

C.Anewsystemofimprovingyourhealth.D.Homebloodtesting:yourhealthmonitor!

6.（2023?四川雅安?高三統(tǒng)考階段練習(xí)）

Newresearchlinksoutdoorairpollution-evenatlevelsconsideredsafe-toanincreasedriskofdiabetes

（糖尿?。ゞlobally,accordingtoastudyfromtheVASt.LouisHealthCareSystem.Thefindingsraisethe

possibilitythatreducingpollutionmayleadtoadropindiabetescasesinheavilypollutedcountriessuchasIndia

andlesspollutedonessuchastheUnitedStates.

Diabetesisoneofthefastestgrowingdiseases,affectingmorethan500millionpeopleworldwide.Themain

driversofdiabetesincludeeatinganunhealthydiet,havingasedentarylifestyleandobesity,butthenewresearch

indicatestheextenttowhichoutdoorairpollutionplaysarole.

“Ourresearchshowsasignificantlinkbetweenairpollutionanddiabetesglobally,9,saidZiyadAl-Aly,MD,

thestudy'sseniorauthorandanassistantprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofWashington.t6Wefoundan

increasedrisk,evenatlowlevelsofairpollutioncurrentlyconsideredsafebytheUSEnvironmentalProtection

Agency（EPA）andtheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）.Thisisimportantbecausemanyindustrylobbying（游

說）groupsarguethatcurrentlevelsaretoostringentandshouldberelaxed.Evidenceshowsthatcurrentlevelsare

stillnotsufficientlysafeandneedtobetightened.

Whilegrowingevidencehassuggestedalinkbetweenairpollutionanddiabetes,researchershavenot

attemptedtoquantifythatburdenuntilnow."Overthepasttwodecades,therehavebeenbitsofresearchabout

diabetesandpollution,saidAl-Aly.”Wewantedtothreadtogetherthepiecesforabroader,moresolid

understanding.^^

Theresearchersalsofoundthattheoverallriskofpollution-relateddiabetestilted（傾斜）moretoward

lower-incomecountriessuchasIndiathatlacktheresourcesforenvironmentalmitigationsystemsandclean-air

policies.Forinstance,poverty-strickencountriesfacingahigherdiabetes-pollutionriskincludeAfghanistan,Papua

NewGuineaandGuyana,whilerichercountriessuchasFrance,FinlandandIcelandexperiencealowerrisk.The

USexperiencesamediumriskofpollution-relateddiabetes.

32.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Currentpollutioncontrollevelsneedtobetightened

B.Diabetesisoneofthefastestgrowingdiseasesglobally

C.Airpollutioncontributessignificantlytodiabetesglobally

D.Poverty-strickencountriesfaceahigherdiabetes-pollutionrisk

7.（2023?河南駐馬店?高三校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí)）

We,modernhumans,spend90%ofourtimeinside,travelingbetweenhomesandoffices,schoolsand

apartments,restaurantsandgyms.I'vebeenhearingthisstatisticsomuchthatIstartedtowonderifitwasanurban

legend.Ifsnot!ThebestreferenceforthestatisticappearstobeTheNationalHumanActivityPatternSurvey

（NHAPS）.

ThesurveywasfundedbytheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）."EPA'smainpurposefor

collectingtheNHAPSdatawastoprovidediaryrecordsthatcouldbeusedasinputsforcomputer-basedhuman

exposuremodels,9,saysthestudy.Inotherwords,inordertounderstandhowhumansmightbeimpactedby

pollutantsinourvariousindoorandoutdoorenvironments,scientistsneededtoknowhowmuchtimewespendin

differentlocations.

ThesurveywasconductedbytheUniversityofMaryland'sSurveyResearchCenter.Thesurveyused

telephoneinterviewstocollect24-hourretrospective（回顧的）diariesfromeachrespondent（調(diào)查對(duì)象）.Between

340and1,713respondentswereinterviewedineachofthetenEPAregionsacrossthe48neighboringstates.

Respondentsweregenerallyrepresentativeofthewholenationforgender,age,race,andeducationalattainment.

Americansspend87%oftheirtimeindoorsandanadditional6%inanenclosedvehicle.Theseproportions

（比色！J）arealsofairlyconstantacrossvariousregionsoftheUnitedStatesandCanada.Thefindingthatemergesis

thatwearebasicallyanindoorspecies.Inamodernsociety,totaltimeoutdoorsisthemostnegligiblepartofthe

day,oftensosmallthatitbarelyshowsupinthetotal.

Isthestudyaccurate?Probablynot.Itmaynottakeintoaccountsomepopulationsthatspendahigh

proportionoftimeoutside.Asthestudystates,"Thosewhowereawayfromahomeforextendedperiodswerenot

includedinthesurvey.Theseindividualsmaybemorelikelythanthosewhowereathometospendlargequantities

oftimeoutdoors.Also,thesurveymethodologyalsodoesn'taccountwellforbitsoftimespenttakingoutthe

trash,walkingtothecar,ortakingasmokebreakoutside.

35.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Asuggestionforfurtherstudies.B.Apossi