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題型03主旨大意題
需高=?常見題型解讀
1'命題特點(diǎn)
主旨大意題在高考中出現(xiàn)次數(shù)穩(wěn)定,通常1-2題,但題目具有一定難度。這類試題主要考查通過快
速瀏覽文章,獲得主旨大意,并對(duì)文章的標(biāo)題、主題、段落大意等進(jìn)行歸納、概括的能力。
廠’考查方向
主旨大意題題干關(guān)鍵詞besttitle,mainidea/theme/subject,mainlyabout等。題目類型包括標(biāo)題歸納
題、段落大意題、文章大意題。
n命題規(guī)律
1.段首、段尾處???/p>
2.轉(zhuǎn)折詞處???/p>
3.因果關(guān)系處???/p>
4.問題處???/p>
02
跟我學(xué)?解題思維剖析
主旨大意題解題思維
i.主題句必須能簡(jiǎn)潔明了地概括全文的主要內(nèi)容,具有高度的綜合性和概括性,文章或段落的其他句
子都是對(duì)主題句的進(jìn)一步的解釋、說明、論證或拓展。
2.一般說來說明文和議論都有主題句,而且多位于文章的開頭,有時(shí)也位于文章的中間或末尾。
3.不能直接在文章中直接找到主題句,抓每一段的主旨句,一般在段首。理清楚段與段之間邏輯關(guān)系
然后自己歸納總結(jié)。
模板1標(biāo)題歸納題
1.簡(jiǎn)潔:短小精悍,多為短語,動(dòng)名詞短語或祈使句。
2.概括:概括全文、涵蓋性強(qiáng)、體現(xiàn)主旨;
標(biāo)題模板
3.針對(duì):標(biāo)題外延與文章內(nèi)容相符,范圍一致,不會(huì)以偏概全;
4.醒目:新穎奇特,激發(fā)讀者的閱讀興趣;
1.正面思維肯定法:在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上,串聯(lián)細(xì)節(jié)共同點(diǎn),斷定標(biāo)題。;
2.逆向思維否定法:拋開原文,設(shè)想各個(gè)選項(xiàng)為“標(biāo)題”用它們寫出來的“文章”會(huì)是什
答題規(guī)律么內(nèi)容,然后和原文章對(duì)照,依次排除不符選項(xiàng);
3.研讀備選項(xiàng)差異:研讀四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里面的中心詞、修飾詞的變化、概括性等。
干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)斷章取義(僅為文中一細(xì)節(jié))、以偏概全、物種生有、范圍過大。
模板2段落大意題
結(jié)構(gòu)法和關(guān)鍵詞法
L總分:主題句在段首;
2.分總:主題句在段尾;
3.總分總:主題句段首尾前后呼應(yīng);
4.分總分:開頭拋磚引玉,主題在段總;
5.關(guān)鍵詞:抓住段落中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的關(guān)鍵詞,然后對(duì)其概括和歸納,確定段落大意。
答題規(guī)律主題句的判斷
段首1.主題句多為段首第一句(觀點(diǎn)或?qū)ο螅换虻谝痪鋻伌u引玉引出第二句。
段尾2.主題句也常為段尾句(結(jié)論或總結(jié))。
段中前面的話是為引出主題而擺出問題或現(xiàn)象。
無主題句沒有主題句,需根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容自己概括。重點(diǎn)提煉各個(gè)段落首句,兼顧尾句。
模板3文章大意題
四種方法巧利用
1.文體法:新聞報(bào)道主旨在第一句;說明文主旨在第一段或第二段;議論文主旨在首段或尾段;記敘文主
旨一般在尾段或首尾呼應(yīng)。
2.主題句法:讀文章標(biāo)題;略讀各段首尾句;讀首段和尾端;讀邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)詞后的句子內(nèi)容。
3.高頻詞法:尋找文中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的關(guān)鍵詞。
4.概括法:中心主旨隱含在句子中,需要考生根據(jù)已知的細(xì)節(jié)歸納出文中的大意。
主題句特點(diǎn)
1.段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(如however,but,infact,actually等)時(shí),該句很可能是主題句。
2.首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí),對(duì)該問句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3.作者有意識(shí)地重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn),通常是主旨;反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語,一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。
4.表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等詞,通常是主旨。
命題點(diǎn)01標(biāo)題歸納題
【典例01]
(2023?浙江嘉興?統(tǒng)考一模)
Itwasaquietmorninginthelibrary,andwelibrarianswereenjoyingaratherloudchat.Suddenly,apatron
(??停﹎archeduptous,gaveusanannoyed“Shush!”andwentbacktoherseat.Howstrangeforagroupof
librarianstobeshushedbyapatron!Shouldn'titbetheotherwayaround?
Well,ifscomplicated.Ifyou'relikeme,amiddle-agedwoman,youprobablyrememberlibrariesasplacesof
silentreading.Thesedays,however,librariesaremorelikeactivecommunitycenters.
Inthepast,mostlibrariesdidn'tfocusmuchonprogramsforkidswhoseagemadeitimpossibleforthemtobe
quietondemand.Butgrowingknowledgeabouttheimportanceofkidsandteenslearningthroughhands-on
experienceshassincecausedaseachangeinhowlibrariesconnectwithyoungreaders.Nowlibrariesbegin
offeringinteractiveprogramsforkids,includingcrafts,boardgames,andstorytimes.Thesetypesofprograms
certainlyaren'tdesignedtobesilent.
Alongwithmoreprogramsforever-youngerchildren,technologytodayhasplayedapartinthetransformation
oflibrariesintoplaceswherebothkidsandadultscanusecomputers,makesomethingona3Dprinterandmore.In
addition,manylibrariesnowofferprogramsforadults,whocanparticipateininbookdiscussion,learncalligraphy,
andeventakecollegeclasses.
Ofcourse,librariesstillneedpeacefulphones.Thesedays,manylibrarieshaveglassed-offstudyroomsor
quietareas.Theyarealsolessnoisyintheearlyafternoons,aftermorningchildren'sprogramsandbeforethe
after-schoolkidcrowdarrive.
IfscleartomenowthatonthedaymycolleaguesandIwereshushedbyapatron,weshouldhavebeenusing
our“l(fā)ibraryvoices“aswetalked.Still,it'sunlikelythatlibrarieswilleverreturntothedayswhentheywereplaces
ofsilence.There5sjusttoomuchfunandlearninghappening.
46.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.LibrariesShouldbeLoudB.ReadingCanbeFuninLibraries
C.LibrariesMakeLearningHappenD.LibraryProgramsTargetChildren
【典例02]
(2023?廣東深圳?高三??茧A段練習(xí))
Today,poetryandscienceareoftenconsideredtobemutuallyexclusivecareerpaths.Butthatwasn'talways
thecase.ThemathematicianAdaLovelaceandthephysicistJamesClerkMahwahwerebothaccomplishedpoets.
ThepoetJohnKeatswasalicensedsurgeon.Combiningthetwopracticesfelloutoffavorinthe1800s.But
translatingresearchintolyrics,haiku,andotherpoeticformsisresurging(再現(xiàn))amongscientistsastheylookfor
alternativewaystoinspireotherswiththeirfindings.
“Poetryisagreattoolforquestioningtheworld,saysSamIllingworth,apoetandageoscientistwhoworks
attheUniversityofWesternAustralia.Throughworkshopsandanewscience-poetryjournal,calledConsilience,
Illingworthishelpingscientiststotranslatetheirlatestresultsintopoemsthatcanattractappreciationfromthose
outsideoftheirimmediatescientificfield.
StephanyMazon,ascientistfromtheUniversityofHelsinkiinFinland,joinedoneofIllingworth'sworkshops.
Intheworkshop,shewasgroupedwithotherscientistsandtaskedwithwritingahaiku,a17-syllable-longpoem,
whichspotlightedwater,afluidthatfeaturedinallofthegroupmembers5researchprojects.64Itwasalotoffun,
andsurprisinglyeasytowritethepoem,^^Mazonsays.Sheplanstocontinuewriting.t4Wedoadisservice(傷害)to
ourselvestothinkthatscientistscan'tbeartisticandthatartcan'tbeuseatocommunicatescientificideas,Mazon
says.
ThatviewpointisechoedbyIllingworth,whothinkssciencecommunicationinitiativesaretoooften
dominatedbypubliclectureswiththeirhands-offPowerPointslides."Actually,whensciencecommunication
involveswritingandsharingpoems,itinvitesatwo-waydialoguebetweenexpertsandnonexperts,hesays.
Scientist-poetManjulaSilva,aneducatoratImperialCollegeLondon,agrees.Poetryprovidesawaytotranslate
complexscientificconceptsintoalanguagethateveryonecanunderstand,Silvasays.
Scientistsandpoetsarebothtryingtounderstandtheworldandcommunicatethatunderstandingwithothers.
Thedistinctionbetweenscientistsandpoetsislessthanpeoplemightthink.We'realljustpeoplewithhopefully
reallyinterestingthingstosayandtoshare.
39.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.Poetry:AGreatTooltoQuestiontheWorld
B.ScientistsTakeonPoetry
C.ScienceCommunication:ATwo-wayDialogue
D.ScientistsandPoetsThinkAlike
命題點(diǎn)02段落大意題
【典例oil
(2023?湖南長(zhǎng)沙?高三湖南師大附中??茧A段練習(xí))
Despitebeingconnectedonline,nomatterwhatstateyou'refrom,eachcitystillretainsitsownlanguageand
slang.AtmypublichighschoolinLosAngeles,wehadourownsecretlanguage.Apartywasa"yart”.Abeerwas
a"brewsky”.IfItriedtousethesewordsinfrontofanyonethatdidn'tliveinLosAngeles,theywouldhaveno
ideawhatwasgoingon.WhenIcametocollegeandusedthesewordsaroundmyroommatefromtheEastCoast,
shewouldlookatmewithablankstare.
Whetherthewaywetalkisregionalorfromonline,thesoulofcommunicationliesinitspowertoconnect
people,fosterunderstanding,andfacilitateinteractionsthatshapeourpersonalandsociallives.Ihaveoftenfound
it'sthewayweconnectwiththepeoplewelivearound.
58.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthelastparagraph?
A.Themeansofcommunication.B.Thenatureofcommunication.
C.Theelementsofcommunication.D.Theprocessofcommunication.
【典例02】
(2023?浙江嘉興?統(tǒng)考一模)
Inthepast,mostlibrariesdidn'tfocusmuchonprogramsforkidswhoseagemadeitimpossibleforthemtobe
quietondemand.Butgrowingknowledgeabouttheimportanceofkidsandteenslearningthroughhands-on
experienceshassincecausedaseachangeinhowlibrariesconnectwithyoungreaders.Nowlibrariesbegin
offeringinteractiveprogramsforkids,includingcrafts,boardgames,andstorytimes.Thesetypesofprograms
certainlyaren'tdesignedtobesilent.
44.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?
A.Thepastandthepresentoflibraries.B.Thereasonforthechangeoflibraries.
C.Theactivitiesforyoungchildreninlibraries.D.Theconnectionbetweenlibrariesandreaders.
命題點(diǎn)03文章大意題
【典例】
(2023?河南駐馬店?高三校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))
WehadfinallydecidedtoskipourtraditionalfamilydinnerandmakethetriptoMacy'sThanksgivingDay
ParadewhenKerrywas5.Likemanyotherfamilieswepackedasmallbackpackwithslicedturkeysandwiches
andjuiceboxes.Aftergettingoffthetrain,wewerewalkinguptotheentrancewhenKerryspottedahomeless
womansittingintheshadows,invisibletoallexceptmycuriousdaughter.
“What'sthat?"sheasked.LindaandIlookedateachother,worriedabouttheneedtoexplainsomethingvery
differentthanthehappyscenewewereabouttojoin.Duringourfirstyearsofparenthoodwe'ddiscussedhowwe
wouldexplainsuchtopicsaslife,death,andlove.Buthomelessness?Itcamesosuddenlythatwejustgaveas
simpleanexplanationaswecouldandcontinuedontotheparade.
Thefollowingyear,wedecidedtoattendtheparadeagain.SothenightbeforeThanksgivingwewent
shoppingforslicedturkeyforsandwiches.atCanwebringsomesandwichesforthosepeople?^^sheinquired,Again,
Kerrycaughtusoffguard.tcWhy??,wasmyfirstreaction.Butweknewimmediatelywhomshemeant.Howcould
werefuse?Whywouldwerefuse?ThiswasagoldenopportunitytohonorKerry'ssenseofcharity.Six-year-old
Kerrywasteachingusanimportantlesson.Thatnightwepreparedandpackedtwo-dozensandwichesintoournow
overstuffedbackpack.
ScanningtheshadowsafterreachingManhattanagain,Kerryspottedahomelessmansittinginthesamespot
aslastyear.Westoppedandtookoutthefirstofthelittlefeastsfromthepack.Withoutawordofinstruction,we
handedittoKerry.Shewalkedovertothemanslowly,handingthesandwichtohim.Neitherspokeaword.Then
wewereofftotheparade,stoppingalongthewaytodistributetherestofthesandwiches,exceptoneforeachofus.
Somehow,nogiantThanksgivingsit-downfeastevertastedasgoodasthosesandwiches.Overthenext
decadewedidthesamethingsagainandagain.Afterall,there9snothinglikesharingaturkeysandwichwithnew
friends.
8.WhatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellusaboutThanksgiving?
A.Ifsawordofaction.B.Ifsanoldtradition.
C.Ifsagoodtimeofreunion.D.Ifsasurprisingfeast.
吃篇ii?知識(shí)遷移強(qiáng)化
L(2023?河南駐馬店?高三校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))
Fallenleavesareeverywhereaswintercomes.Traditionally,peoplesweepupthefallenleaves,putthemin
bagsandsendthemtolandfills.Butthereisagrowingmovementtoleaveleavesontheground.They511naturally
breakdownoverthewinterintorichorganicmatter.Thematteralsoshelterssomeinsects.
Butsomeleavespreventthegrowthofotherplants.Blackwalnut(黑胡桃),forexample,containsapoisonin
itsleavesthatkillsmanyplants,includingapples,peppers,tomatoesandpotatoes.Besides,wholeleavesshouldnot
bepermittedtoremainonwalkways,wheretheycouldmakethepathdangerouslyslippery.Theyshouldalsonotbe
leftongrasslawns,wheretheyarelikelytocausedisease.Inareasthatexperiencesnowcover,waterwould
becometrappedbetweengrassandleaves.Inareaswithoutsnow,wholeleavesthatcovergrassesblockwaterand
sunlightfromreachingthesoilbelow.
Manypeoplechoosetobreakuptheleavesusingamachineandletthepiecesfallbetweenpiecesofgrass.
Thenthepiecesbreakdownfurtherinthesoil.However,thistreatmentcankillinsectsandtheireggs.
Anothermethodistotaketheleavesoffthelawnandspreadthemlightlytocovergardenbeds.Theleaves
mostlybreakdownbyspringandalmostentirelybysummer.Butifnot,theyshouldberemovedbeforespring
growthbegins.
Leavesalsocanbeusedtomakeleafmold(腐葉土),atypeoffertilizermadeentirelyfromleaves.Justputthe
leavesinacorner,addnitrogenfertilizer(氮月巴),andthenwaterthemtokeepthemwetinside.Itmaytakeayearor
two,buttheleaveswillbreakdownintoanutritioussoil.
Fallenleavesbuildrichsoil,protectplantrootsandshelterwildlife,inyourgarden,andelsewhere.Done
correctly,leavingtheleavesisoneofthebestwaystoturnyardwasteintofreefertilizer,whichisgoodforplants,
theenvironment,andsavingmoney.Whywastethatimportantresource?
31.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?
A.HowCanFallenLeavesBeTurnedintoArt?B.DoLeavesFalltotheGroundAroundtheRoots?
C.ShouldYou"LeavetheLeaves^^ontheGround?D.WillWhatComesfromLeavesReturntotheSoil?
2.(2023?寧夏銀川?高三銀川唐徐回民中學(xué)??迹?/p>
LanguageslikeItalianorFinnishcanbespelledmoreeasilybecauseeachletterofthealphabetmatchestoone
sound.Studentsstudyingtheselanguagescanhave90percentreadingaccuracyafterthefirstyear.However,
studentsevenafteryearsoflearningEnglisharestillfarbelowItalianorFinnishstudentsinreadingaccuracy.
EnglishstartedasaGermaniclanguage.ItismostcloselyconnectedtoGermanandDutch,especiallyin
grammarandbasicvocabulary.DuringtheNormaninvasioninthe12thcentury,OldEnglishwasspokenbut
Frenchwasusedingovernmentandlegaldocuments.AndLatinwasusedinreligiousandeducationalactivities.As
aresult,moreFrenchandLatinwordsenteredtheEnglishlanguage.Theprintingpressinventedinthelate1400s
helpedtoestablishEnglishspelling.TheEnglishoftodayishowthelanguagewaswrittenatthetime.However,
thespokenlanguagestartedtochangeinthe1500swiththepronunciationofalllongvowels(元音).Forexample,
“bite"waspronouncedcloserto"beet"inthe1400s,beforechangingthroughtheyearstoitscurrentsound.The
effectwasthattheEnglishlanguagehadoldspellings,butnewsounds.
Englishhas26lettersinthealphabet,butover44individualsoundsdependingonthevariationofspoken
English.Thereareseveralsoundsrepresentedbyonlyoneletter.Forexample,theletter"C"cansoundlikean"S"
asin"city”.Anditalsosoundslikea"K"asin"cat”.
Thereareonly5or6vowellettersintheEnglishalphabet.TheyincludeA,E,I,O,U,andsometimesY.But
thereare20differentwaystosoundthem.Atthecentreisthemostcommonvowelsoundof"uhhh”.Itisthemost
relaxedandnaturalsound.Ittakesalmostnoeffortofthetongueorthroattocreatethesound.Sinceittakeslittle
effort,thesound"uhhh"oftenmakesitswayintopronunciations.Forexample,theword"please“oftenturnsinto
“PUH-lease“whensomeoneistryingtocallattention.ThisisanotherreasonwhyspellinginEnglishissodifficult!
25.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?
A.ThecomplexhistoryofEnglish.
B.TheformationofmodernEnglish.
C.TheinfluenceofEnglishonotherlanguages.
D.FactorspromotingthedevelopmentofEnglish.
3.(2023?福建?高三校聯(lián)考期中)
Imagineyoucanopenyourfridge,openanapponyourphoneandimmediatelyknowwhichitemswillgobad
soon.ThisisoneoftheapplicationsthatanewtechnologydevelopedbyengineersattheUniversityofCalifornia
SanDiegowouldenable.
Thetechnologycombinesachip(芯片)integratedintoproductpackagingandasoftwareupdateonyour
phone.Thephonebecomescapableofidentifyingobjectsbasedonsignalsthechipsendsoutfromspecific
frequencies,inthiscaseBluetoothorWiFi.Inanindustrialsetting,asmartphoneequippedwiththesoftwareupdate
couldbeusedasaradiofrequencyidentification(RFID)reader.
Theworkusesbreakthroughsinbackscatter(反向散射)communication,whichusessignalsalreadygenerated
byyoursmartphoneandre-directsthembackinaformatyourphonecanunderstand.Effectively,thistechnique
useslesspowerthanthelatesttechnologytogenerateWiFisignals.
Thecustomchip,whichisroughlythesizeofagrainofsandandcostsonlyafewpenniestoproduce,needs
solittlepowerthatitcanbeentirelypoweredbyLTEsignals,atechniqueforwirelessbroadbandcommunication
formobiledevices.ThechipturnsBluetoothsignalsintoWiFisignals,whichcaninturnbedetectedbya
smartphonewiththatspecificsoftwareupdate.
Thetechnology'sbroaderpromiseisthedevelopmentofdevicesthatdonotneedbatteriesbecausetheycan
harvestpowerfromLTEsignalsinstead.Thisinturnwouldleadtodevicesthataresignificantlylessexpensivethat
lastlonger,saidDineshBharadia,oneofthepaper'sseniorauthors.
“E-waste,especiallybatteries,isoneofthebiggestproblemstheplanetisfacing,afterclimatechange,
Bharadiasaid.
Forfutureresearch,theteamwillintegratethistechnologyintootherprojectstodemonstrateitscapabilities,
andtheyalsohopetocommercializeit,eitherthroughastartuporthroughanindustrypartner.
16.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?
A.NewtechnologyturnssmartphonesintoRFIDreaders
B.Smartphonesneedtobeequippedwithsoftupdates
C.RFIDreadersobtainnewchipsandhavenewfunctions
D.Backscattercommunicationmakesthebestofsmartphones
4.(2023?河北?高三泊頭市第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中)
Researchhasfoundthatusingwoodforconstructioninsteadofconcreteandsteelcanreduceemissions.But
TimSearchingeratPrincetonUniversitysaysmanyofthesestudiesarebasedonthefalsefoundationthat
harvestingwoodiscarbonneutral(碳中和).“Onlyasmallpercentageofthewoodgetsintoatimber(木料)
product,andapartofthatgetsintoatimberproductthatcanreplaceconcreteandsteelinabuilding,9,hesays.
Efficienciesvaryindifferentcountries,butlargeamountsofaharvestedtreearelefttobedividedintoparts,used
inshort-livedproductslikepaperorburnedforenergy,allofwhichgenerateemissions.
InareportfortheWorldResourcesInstitute,Searchingerandhiscolleagueshavemodelledhowusingmore
woodforconstructionwouldaffectemissionsbetween2010and2050,accountingfortheemissionsfrom
harvestingthewood.Theyconsideredvarioustypesofforestsandpartsofwoodgoingtowardsconstruction.They
alsofactoredintheemissionssavingsfromreplacingconcreteandsteel.
Undersomecircumstances,theresearchersfoundsignificantemissionsreductions.Buteachcaserequired
whattheyconsideredanunrealisticallyhighportionofthewoodgoingtowardsconstruction,aswellasrapid
growthonlyseeninwarmerplaces,likeBrazil.Ingeneral,theyfoundalargeincreaseinglobaldemandforwood
wouldprobablyleadtorisingemissionsfordecades.Accountingforemissionsinthisway,theresearchersreported
inarelatedpaperthatincreasingforestharvestsbetween2010and2050wouldaddemissionsequaltoroughly10
percentoftotalannualemissions.
AliAmiriatAaltoUniversityinFinlandsaysthereporfsconclusionsaboutemissionsfromrisingdemandare
probablycorrect,butthestoryisdifferentforwoodwealreadyharvest."'Boostingtheefficiencyofcurrentharvests
andusingmorewoodforlongerlivedpurposesthanpaperwouldcutemissions,hesays."Wecannotjustsaywe
shouldstopusingwood.^^
10.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?
A.Theprocessofthenewresearch.B.Thebackgroundofthenewstudy.
C.Thechallengeofthenewresearch.D.Theachievementsofthenewstudy.
5.(2023?福建泉州?高三校考期中)
IT'SATYPICALmorning:youwakeup,takeashower,brushyourteeth,andthenprick(刺;扎)yourarm
withatinyneedle.Wait,what?Unlessyouhaveaseriousdiseasesuchasdiabetes,youprobablyhaven,tevertested
yourownblood.Butinthefuture,thatmightchange.
ThecompanyCoralreadysellsasystemforhomebloodtesting.Youstickyourarmusingasupposedly
painless,one-off,blood-drawingcartridge(針筒)aboutthesizeofalipstick.Thenyoustickthecartridgeintoa
devicethatlookslikethebaseforanelectrictoothbrush.Afewminuteslater,anapponyourphonebuzzeswith
updatedinformation,includingyourcurrenthealthdataandtipsonwhattoeatandhowtoexerciseduringtheday.
Ifstruethatbloodcontainsawealthofinformationaboutaperson'shealth.Bloodtestscanshowifapersonis
infectedwithadiseaseoratriskforavarietyofproblems,includingaheartattackorastroke.Butmostpeople
don'ttesttheirownblooduntiladoctorsaysit'stime.Healthyyoungadultsgetregularbloodtestsabouteveryfive
years.Thesetestshappenatalab,whereatechnicianoranursesticksalongneedleintothearmtodrawout
severaltubesfullofblood.Corandsimilarcompanies,suchasWellnessFX,aretryingtochangeallthat.They
thinkpeopledeserveaccesstomoreinformationabouttheirownhealth.
Butnoteveryoneisconvincedthatregularbloodtestingforhealthypeopleisagreatidea.Cor'ssystemis
expensiveandmaypotoffermuchbenefit."Thelightestresulthereisthatyouloseyourmoneyandthenyou're
remindedtogetmoresleepandtoeatmorefruits,vegetables,andfish,“PieterCohenofHarvardMedicalSchool
toldtheNewYorkTimes.46Theworstresultisthatyouendupgettingfrightenedbyprobablyabnormalresultsthat
areactuallycompletelynormalforyou.^^
Plus,theresultsofahomebloodtestmightbewrong.It'shardtogetaccurateresultsfromatinyamountof
blood.Sowhatdoyouthink?Ismonitoringyourownhealthviapinpricksthewayofthefuture?Orisitbetterto
leavebloodtestingtomedicalprofessionals?
8.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Homebloodtests:yesorno?B.Shouldbloodtestsbeallowedathome?
C.Anewsystemofimprovingyourhealth.D.Homebloodtesting:yourhealthmonitor!
6.(2023?四川雅安?高三統(tǒng)考階段練習(xí))
Newresearchlinksoutdoorairpollution-evenatlevelsconsideredsafe-toanincreasedriskofdiabetes
(糖尿?。ゞlobally,accordingtoastudyfromtheVASt.LouisHealthCareSystem.Thefindingsraisethe
possibilitythatreducingpollutionmayleadtoadropindiabetescasesinheavilypollutedcountriessuchasIndia
andlesspollutedonessuchastheUnitedStates.
Diabetesisoneofthefastestgrowingdiseases,affectingmorethan500millionpeopleworldwide.Themain
driversofdiabetesincludeeatinganunhealthydiet,havingasedentarylifestyleandobesity,butthenewresearch
indicatestheextenttowhichoutdoorairpollutionplaysarole.
“Ourresearchshowsasignificantlinkbetweenairpollutionanddiabetesglobally,9,saidZiyadAl-Aly,MD,
thestudy'sseniorauthorandanassistantprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofWashington.t6Wefoundan
increasedrisk,evenatlowlevelsofairpollutioncurrentlyconsideredsafebytheUSEnvironmentalProtection
Agency(EPA)andtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).Thisisimportantbecausemanyindustrylobbying(游
說)groupsarguethatcurrentlevelsaretoostringentandshouldberelaxed.Evidenceshowsthatcurrentlevelsare
stillnotsufficientlysafeandneedtobetightened.
Whilegrowingevidencehassuggestedalinkbetweenairpollutionanddiabetes,researchershavenot
attemptedtoquantifythatburdenuntilnow."Overthepasttwodecades,therehavebeenbitsofresearchabout
diabetesandpollution,saidAl-Aly.”Wewantedtothreadtogetherthepiecesforabroader,moresolid
understanding.^^
Theresearchersalsofoundthattheoverallriskofpollution-relateddiabetestilted(傾斜)moretoward
lower-incomecountriessuchasIndiathatlacktheresourcesforenvironmentalmitigationsystemsandclean-air
policies.Forinstance,poverty-strickencountriesfacingahigherdiabetes-pollutionriskincludeAfghanistan,Papua
NewGuineaandGuyana,whilerichercountriessuchasFrance,FinlandandIcelandexperiencealowerrisk.The
USexperiencesamediumriskofpollution-relateddiabetes.
32.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Currentpollutioncontrollevelsneedtobetightened
B.Diabetesisoneofthefastestgrowingdiseasesglobally
C.Airpollutioncontributessignificantlytodiabetesglobally
D.Poverty-strickencountriesfaceahigherdiabetes-pollutionrisk
7.(2023?河南駐馬店?高三校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))
We,modernhumans,spend90%ofourtimeinside,travelingbetweenhomesandoffices,schoolsand
apartments,restaurantsandgyms.I'vebeenhearingthisstatisticsomuchthatIstartedtowonderifitwasanurban
legend.Ifsnot!ThebestreferenceforthestatisticappearstobeTheNationalHumanActivityPatternSurvey
(NHAPS).
ThesurveywasfundedbytheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)."EPA'smainpurposefor
collectingtheNHAPSdatawastoprovidediaryrecordsthatcouldbeusedasinputsforcomputer-basedhuman
exposuremodels,9,saysthestudy.Inotherwords,inordertounderstandhowhumansmightbeimpactedby
pollutantsinourvariousindoorandoutdoorenvironments,scientistsneededtoknowhowmuchtimewespendin
differentlocations.
ThesurveywasconductedbytheUniversityofMaryland'sSurveyResearchCenter.Thesurveyused
telephoneinterviewstocollect24-hourretrospective(回顧的)diariesfromeachrespondent(調(diào)查對(duì)象).Between
340and1,713respondentswereinterviewedineachofthetenEPAregionsacrossthe48neighboringstates.
Respondentsweregenerallyrepresentativeofthewholenationforgender,age,race,andeducationalattainment.
Americansspend87%oftheirtimeindoorsandanadditional6%inanenclosedvehicle.Theseproportions
(比色!J)arealsofairlyconstantacrossvariousregionsoftheUnitedStatesandCanada.Thefindingthatemergesis
thatwearebasicallyanindoorspecies.Inamodernsociety,totaltimeoutdoorsisthemostnegligiblepartofthe
day,oftensosmallthatitbarelyshowsupinthetotal.
Isthestudyaccurate?Probablynot.Itmaynottakeintoaccountsomepopulationsthatspendahigh
proportionoftimeoutside.Asthestudystates,"Thosewhowereawayfromahomeforextendedperiodswerenot
includedinthesurvey.Theseindividualsmaybemorelikelythanthosewhowereathometospendlargequantities
oftimeoutdoors.Also,thesurveymethodologyalsodoesn'taccountwellforbitsoftimespenttakingoutthe
trash,walkingtothecar,ortakingasmokebreakoutside.
35.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?
A.Asuggestionforfurtherstudies.B.Apossi
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