廣東省深圳市2025屆高三下學(xué)期 一?？荚?英語(yǔ) 含解析

2025年深圳市高三年級(jí)第一次調(diào)研考試英語(yǔ)2025.2試卷共8頁(yè)，卷面滿分120分，折算成130分計(jì)入總分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。用2B鉛筆將答題卡上試卷類型A后的方框涂黑。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。3.非選擇題的作答：用簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAreyouinterestedinhowmarine(海洋的)ecosystemswork?Doyouwanttoknowmoreaboutmarineanimals?BowlingGreenStateUniversity(BGSU)hasoneofthefewcampsintheMidwestwherehighschoolstudentscanexplorelifeatsea!CampDates:June8-13、2025Whatkindsofactivitiesdocampersgettodo?·FieldtripstolocationsaroundNorthwestOhiotoexaminemarinelifeandenvironments·Hands-onactivitiestopracticespecimen(標(biāo)本)collectionprocedures·Designandrunanexperimentinourresearchlab·Behind-the-scenetriptotheToledoZootolearnaboutmarineanimals·MeetprofessionalstolearnwhatitmeanstobeamarinescientistWhatdoesthecostcover?TheBGSUMarineBiologycampwillofferbothresidentialandnon-residentialoptions.Thecostofthenon-residentialprogramis$850,withanadditional$400feefortheresidentialoption.Thetotalprogramcostcoversroomandboard,allmaterialsforlabsandactivitiesaswellastransportationforfieldtrips.A10%discountisavailableforearlyadmission.ApplicationRequirements·Letterofrecommendation·Completetheonlineform·Completeresponsestoshort-answerquestionsNote:Answerstoquestionsprovidedbyanyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.ApplicationDeadlines·March2,2025—Tobeconsideredforearlyadmission.ApplicantswillbeinformedbyMarch14.·April25.2025—GeneralApplicationDeadline.Note:Allspacesmayfillafterselectionfromtheearlyadmissiondeadline.1.Whatdoesthecampoffer?A.Samplegatheringpractice.B.Fieldtripstonaturemuseums.C.Researchlabmembership.D.Lecturesonmarineknowledge.2Whatistheearlyadmissioncostfortheresidentialoption?A.$400. B.$765.C.$1,125. D.$1,250.3.Whichofthefollowingwillresultinanapplicant’sdisqualification?A.Forgettingtoconfirmadmission.B.Providingresponsesgivenbyothers.C.Missingtheearlyapplicationdeadline.D.Failingtorecommendotherapplicants.【答案】1A2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹了鮑林格林州立大學(xué)的夏令營(yíng)，高中生可以在那里探索海上生活?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whatkindsofactivitiesdocampersgettodo?(營(yíng)員們可以參加哪些活動(dòng)？)”部分中“Hands-onactivitiestopracticespecimen(標(biāo)本)collectionprocedures(實(shí)踐標(biāo)本收集程序)”可知，該夏令營(yíng)提供標(biāo)本收集練習(xí)，故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whatdoesthecostcover?(費(fèi)用包括什么？)”部分中“Thecostofthenon-residentialprogramis$850,withanadditional$400feefortheresidentialoption.Thetotalprogramcostcoversroomandboard,allmaterialsforlabsandactivitiesaswellastransportationforfieldtrips.A10%discountisavailableforearlyadmission.(非住宿項(xiàng)目的費(fèi)用為850美元，住宿項(xiàng)目的額外費(fèi)用為400美元。項(xiàng)目總費(fèi)用包括食宿費(fèi)、實(shí)驗(yàn)室和活動(dòng)的所有材料以及實(shí)地考察的交通費(fèi)。提前加入可享受九折優(yōu)惠)”可知，住宿項(xiàng)目總費(fèi)用為850+400=1250美元，提前加入可以享受九折優(yōu)惠，即1250×90%=1125美元，故選C。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ApplicationRequirements(申請(qǐng)要求)”部分中“Note:Answerstoquestionsprovidedbyanyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.(注：由申請(qǐng)人以外的人提供的問(wèn)題的答案將取消申請(qǐng)資格)”可知，提供別人給出的答案會(huì)導(dǎo)致申請(qǐng)人被取消資格，故選B。BJulesVerneiswidelyregardedasoneofthefathersofsciencefiction.His“ExtraordinaryVoyages(航海)”seriestransportreadersongrandadventurestothefarreachesofEarthandbeyond.ButVernedidmorethanjusttellentertainingstories—healsopredictedover100modern-dayinventionsandtechnologiesinhiswritings.Forexample,inthe1889shortstoryIntheYear2889,Vernepaintedapictureofahighlynetworkedworldwithglobalmultimediacommunications.Hedescribedthe“phonotelephone”whichsentsoundandimagesovergreatdistances.Themaincharacter,FritzNapoleonSmith,isabletoeasilycommunicateviathistechnologywithhiswifeonanothercontinent:“Mr.Smithwasabledistinctlytoseehiswifedespitethedistancethatseparatedhimfromher...Mrs.Smithimmediatelyappearedonthetelephoticscreen,withherfeaturessmilingandhereyesmoist(潮濕的)withtears.”Verne’stechnically-groundedadventuretalesrepresentedanewapproachtoimaginingthefuturethroughfiction.Unlikeotherwritersofhisdaywhopennedmorefancifulorsupernaturalstories,Verneaimedforrealisminhisfuturisticvisions,alwaysbasingthemoncutting-edgescienceandhisownextensiveresearch.Thislaidthefoundationforthe“hardsciencefiction”ofthe20thcenturyandbeyond.Verneisoftenthoughtofasatechnologicaloptimist,achampionofscientificprogressandinnovation.Buthiswritingsalsorevealanotherperspective.Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientistwhoseinventionsultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemoin20,000LeaguesUndertheSeauseshissubmarine(潛艇)toviolentlyattackships.ForVernehumannaturedeterminedwhethertechnologywouldbeaforceforgoodorasourceofdestruction.ThespiritofadventureinVerne’stimelessstorieswillliveon,continuingtoinspiregenerationstopushtheboundariesofthepossibleandcreatetheworldoftomorrow.ThatisperhapsthegreatestachievementoftheextraordinaryvoyagesofJulesVerne.4.HowdoesMr.SmithcontacthiswifeinIntheYear2889?A.Byholdinganin-persontalk. B.Bymakingalong-distancecall.C.Bysendingaletterbackhome. D.Byhavinganinstantvideochat.5.Whatisthe“hardsciencefiction”basedon?A.Theunrealisticfantasies. B.Thefictionaltechnologies.C.Thelatestresearchfindings. D.Theimaginedfutureworlds.6.WhatcanweinferaboutVernefromCaptainNemo’sstory?A.Heisdisappointedwithhumannature.B.Heisawareofthedangeroftechnology.C.Heisinfavourofscientificdevelopment.D.Heisdifferentfromthewritersofhistime.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJulesVerneaccordingtothetext?A.Strong-willed. B.Fantasy-seeking.C.Positive-minded. D.Forward-thinking.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章介紹了科幻小說(shuō)之父之一JulesVerne及其作品?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Hedescribedthe‘phonotelephone’whichsentsoundandimagesovergreatdistances.Themaincharacter,FritzNapoleonSmith,isabletoeasilycommunicateviathistechnologywithhiswifeonanothercontinent(他描述了可以遠(yuǎn)距離傳送聲音和圖像的‘電話機(jī)’。主人公FritzNapoleonSmith能夠通過(guò)這種技術(shù)輕松地與他在另一個(gè)大陸的妻子交流)”和第三段中“Mr.Smithwasabledistinctlytoseehiswifedespitethedistancethatseparatedhimfromher...Mrs.Smithimmediatelyappearedonthetelephoticscreen,withherfeaturessmilingandhereyesmoist(潮濕的)withtears.(Smith先生能夠清楚地看到他的妻子，盡管他和她相隔很遠(yuǎn)……Smimth夫人立即出現(xiàn)在長(zhǎng)焦屏幕上，臉上帶著微笑，眼里含著淚水)”可知，Smith和妻子交流時(shí)使用可以遠(yuǎn)距離傳送聲音和圖像的“電話機(jī)”，妻子的臉會(huì)出現(xiàn)在屏幕上，所以Smith是通過(guò)即時(shí)視頻聊天和妻子聯(lián)系，故選D。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Unlikeotherwritersofhisdaywhopennedmorefancifulorsupernaturalstories,Verneaimedforrealisminhisfuturisticvisions,alwaysbasingthemoncutting-edgescienceandhisownextensiveresearch.Thislaidthefoundationforthe‘hardsciencefiction’ofthe20thcenturyandbeyond.(與同時(shí)代的其他作家寫更多的幻想或超自然的故事不同，Verne在他的未來(lái)愿景中追求現(xiàn)實(shí)主義，總是基于前沿科學(xué)和他自己的廣泛研究。這為20世紀(jì)及以后的‘硬科幻小說(shuō)’奠定了基礎(chǔ))”可知，“硬科幻小說(shuō)”以最新的研究結(jié)果為基礎(chǔ)，故選C。6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientistwhoseinventionsultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemoin20,000LeaguesUndertheSeauseshissubmarine(潛艇)toviolentlyattackships.ForVernehumannaturedeterminedwhethertechnologywouldbeaforceforgoodorasourceofdestruction.(他的許多故事都描寫了一位才華橫溢但瘋狂的科學(xué)家，他的發(fā)明最終帶來(lái)的壞處大于好處。在《海底兩萬(wàn)里》中，尼莫船長(zhǎng)使用他的潛艇猛烈攻擊船只。Verne認(rèn)為，人類的本性決定了技術(shù)是善的力量還是毀滅的源泉)”可知，Verne描寫尼莫船長(zhǎng)使用他的潛艇猛烈攻擊船只，這是描寫科技帶來(lái)的壞處，推知他意識(shí)到了科技的危險(xiǎn)，故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“healsopredictedover100modern-dayinventionsandtechnologiesinhiswriting(他還在他的作品中預(yù)言了100多種現(xiàn)代發(fā)明和技術(shù))”和第四段中“Verne’stechnically-groundedadventuretalesrepresentedanewapproachtoimaginingthefuturethroughfiction.(Verne以技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的冒險(xiǎn)故事代表了一種通過(guò)小說(shuō)想象未來(lái)的新方法)”可知，Verne的作品預(yù)言了100多種現(xiàn)代發(fā)明和技術(shù)，以技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)想象未來(lái)世界，故他具有前瞻性思維，故選D。CSelf-confidenceistrustinginourabilitiesorqualities.It’susuallyseenasagoodthing.Butisitpossiblethatwemightbenefitfromalittlelessconfidenceinourbeliefs?Formanyyears,Dr.MarkLeary,aneuroscientistatDukeUniversityinDurham,N.C.,hasstudiedtheroleofpeople’sbeliefsintheirbehavior.Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommon,especiallywhenitcomestowhatpeoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskoflossforanyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.ItwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionoftheChallenger.Thegoodnewsisthatthere’sa“vaccine(疫苗)”foroverconfidence,andthat’swhatscientistscall“intellectualhumility”—recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong.Asurveyof144collegestudentstomeasuretheirintellectualhumilityfoundthatstudentswhosawtheirthinkingcouldbewrongtendedtobemorecuriousandmorelikelytoseekoutnewknowledge.Theyendedupknowingmoreattheendoftheday.Butdoesitactuallyhelpyoubeyondthat?Tofindoutmore,Dr.TenellePorteratBallStateUniversityconductedaseriesofstudieswithhighschoolstudents.Shefoundthatstudentswithintellectualhumilityweremuchmorelikelytotestthemselvestoseewhethertheyreallyunderstoodthematerialandseekoutpotentialholesintheirunderstanding.Whentheygottestscores,they’dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceandmasterthematerialforthenexttest.Studentswhodidn’tseetheirknowledgecouldbewrongmightinsteadjustsailthroughtheirstudyingandwouldn’tstoptoaskthemselvesiftheytrulyunderstoodwhattheyread,heard,ordid.Suchstudentsthoughttheygotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainitonatest,theyfoundtheydidn’tactuallyunderstandasmuchastheyhadthought.Althoughitmightbegoodforyou,researchersrecognizethatquestioningyourbeliefscanbetrulyhard.Still,it’simportanttorememberthatquestioningbeliefsisn’talwaysaboutreplacingoldoneswithnewones.Ifyoufindithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking“babysteps.”8.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexplosionoftheChallenger?A.Toexpresshissorrowfortheloss.B.Tostressthehighriskofspaceflights.C.Toshowtheresultofwrongoperation.D.Togiveanexampleofoverconfidence.9.WhatdoweknowaboutintellectualhumilityaccordingtoPorter’sresearch?A.Iturgedstudentstogainrecognition.B.Itencouragedstudentstotakeexams.C.Ithelpedstudentstoadjustlearningmethods.D.Itmotivatedstudentstomemorizeknowledge.10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“gotasubjectdownpat”meaninparagraph5?A.Fullymasteredasubject. B.PutgreateffortintoasubjectC.Reallyenjoyedasubject. D.Benefitedalotfromasubject.11.Whatwillprobablybediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs?A.Whyquestioningourbeliefishard.B.Whyintellectualhumilityishelpful.C.Howtobecomeaconfidentperson.D.Howtopracticeintellectualhumility.【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家的研究，通過(guò)具體研究案例，來(lái)說(shuō)明智力謙遜如何幫助人們更好地學(xué)習(xí)和調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)策略?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二至第四句“Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommon,especiallywhenitcomestowhatpeoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskoflossforanyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.ItwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionoftheChallenger.(他發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)度自信非常普遍，尤其是在人們認(rèn)為某件事情正確時(shí)，這種過(guò)度自信可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難性的決策。1986年，NASA認(rèn)為每次太空飛行發(fā)生損失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大約是1/100,000。這種過(guò)度自信的信念可能引發(fā)了“挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)”的爆炸)”可知，作者先介紹了科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)度自信可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重后果，之后提及1986年這起災(zāi)難。由此推知，提及“挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)”爆炸是說(shuō)明過(guò)度自信會(huì)導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難的一個(gè)例子。故選D項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句“Shefoundthatstudentswithintellectualhumilityweremuchmorelikelytotestthemselvestoseewhethertheyreallyunderstoodthematerialandseekoutpotentialholesintheirunderstanding.Whentheygottestscores,they’dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceandmasterthematerialforthenexttest.(她發(fā)現(xiàn)，智力謙遜的學(xué)生更有可能去檢驗(yàn)自己是否真正理解了學(xué)習(xí)材料，并尋找自己理解上的漏洞。當(dāng)他們看到考試成績(jī)時(shí)，他們會(huì)調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)策略，以提高學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)，并掌握好材料為下一次考試做準(zhǔn)備)”可知，智力謙遜這種特質(zhì)會(huì)使學(xué)生及時(shí)反思自己的學(xué)習(xí)，相應(yīng)調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)方法。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Suchstudentsthoughttheygotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainitonatest,theyfoundtheydidn’tactuallyunderstandasmuchastheyhadthought.(這些學(xué)生以為自己對(duì)某個(gè)科目gotdownpat，但在考試中被要求解釋時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的理解并沒(méi)有自己想象的那么多)”可知，學(xué)生們?cè)诳荚囍皯?yīng)是對(duì)自己比較自信，認(rèn)為自己對(duì)該相關(guān)知識(shí)十分了解，或已經(jīng)全會(huì)了，但到考場(chǎng)答題時(shí)，才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己會(huì)的不如原本所認(rèn)為的那么多。由此可知，gotasubjectdownpat應(yīng)是“對(duì)某科目了解很多”或“對(duì)某科目完全掌握”之意。故選A項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Thegoodnewsisthatthere’sa“vaccine(疫苗)”foroverconfidence,andthat’swhatscientistscall“intellectualhumility”—recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong.(好消息是，過(guò)度自信有一種“疫苗”，科學(xué)家稱之為“智力謙遜”——即認(rèn)識(shí)到你的信念可能是錯(cuò)誤的)”及全文最后一句“Ifyoufindithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking“babysteps.”(如果你覺(jué)得很難質(zhì)疑一種信念，可以嘗試邁出“一小步”)”可知，最后一句中所說(shuō)的“questionabelief”即前文所說(shuō)的“recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong”，也就是第二段最后一句引號(hào)中所言的“智力謙遜”。全文最后一句又說(shuō)，“可以嘗試邁出‘一小步’”。由此推知，所謂的“一小步”究竟該怎么做，會(huì)在下文進(jìn)行介紹，即如何練習(xí)做到“智力謙虛”。故選D項(xiàng)。DTheabilitytodetectanearbypresencewithoutseeingortouchingitmaysoundfantastical—butit’sarealabilitythatsomecreatureshave.AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.“Wedevelopedanewstrategyfor3Dmotionpositioningbyelectronicskin,bio-inspiredby‘electricfish’,”saysDr.XingeYu,anassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineeringattheCityUniversityofHongKong.Theteamdescribedtheire-skinsensorinapaperpublishedonNovember14inNature.Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter(發(fā)射器),whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjectcomeswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted(擾亂),whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepositionofthetargetobjectandsendsthatinformationtoasmartphoneorotherdevices.Aspecialbiogel(生物凝膠)isusedinthesensor,whichhastheabilitytotransmitandreceiveelectricsignalsfromapatternofmicrochannelsonthesurface.Theendresultisasensorthatisthin,softandflexible,makingitcosytoadapttoirregularsurfaces,suchasthehumanbody.Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsalargenumberofsensorstoachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspaceusingjustafewsensors.Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,andprocessing.Theresearchershopethatthissensorcouldonedayopenupanewrangeofwearabletechnologies,includingsensorsforhuman-machineinteractionandthin,flexiblee-skin.12.Thefirstparagraphaimstoshow__________.A.thespecialabilityofAfricanfishB.theinspirationforanewinventionC.thebigchallengeoflocatingobjectsD.thereasonfordevelopingasensor13.Whatisthecorrectorderofthesystem’sworkingprocedures?a.Thetransmittercreatesanelectricfield.b.Aunitcomputesthepositionofthetarget.c.Thecontrollersendstheactivatingsignal.d.Thereceiverdetectsthechangeofelectricsignals.e.Theelectricfieldisdisruptedbyanapproachingobject.A.c-a-e-d-b. B.c-a-d-e-b.C.a-c-e-d-b. D.a-e-c-d-b.14.Whatisanadvantageofthenewsensorsystem?A.Itssensitivitytodifferentstimulations.B.Itsadaptationtoenvironmentalchanges.C.Itsefficiencyinachieving3Dpositioning.D.Itsspeedindatacollectionandprocessing.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MachineDetective“Wears”FlexibleE-skinB.Bio-inspiredSensor“Feels”WithoutTouchingC.E-SkinSensor:TheFutureofMachineLearningD.ElectricFields:TheFrontierofObjectDetection【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了一種仿生傳感器，靈感來(lái)自一種魚(yú)類，無(wú)需觸摸即可感知物體的位置?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.(一種被稱為電魚(yú)的非洲魚(yú)類是弱電性的，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目標(biāo)，即使它躲在泥里?？茖W(xué)家們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出一種以這些魚(yú)的能力為模型的人工傳感器系統(tǒng))”可知，第一段主要介紹了一種魚(yú)類，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目標(biāo)，受此啟發(fā)，科學(xué)家們開(kāi)發(fā)出一種以這些魚(yú)的能力為模型的人工傳感器系統(tǒng)，由此可知，第一段旨在介紹一個(gè)新發(fā)明的靈感。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter(發(fā)射器),whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjectcomeswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted(擾亂),whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepositionofthetargetobjectandsendsthatinformationtoasmartphoneorotherdevices.(人工傳感器是多層的。一層充當(dāng)發(fā)射器，一旦激活就會(huì)產(chǎn)生電場(chǎng)，另一層充當(dāng)接收器，檢測(cè)物體的方向和距離。一個(gè)單獨(dú)的控制器產(chǎn)生驅(qū)動(dòng)信號(hào)來(lái)激活發(fā)射器。當(dāng)物體進(jìn)入范圍內(nèi)時(shí)，傳感器周圍的電場(chǎng)會(huì)被擾亂，這反過(guò)來(lái)又可以被接收器檢測(cè)到。然后，微控制器單元處理這些數(shù)據(jù)，計(jì)算目標(biāo)物體的位置，并將該信息發(fā)送到智能手機(jī)或其他設(shè)備)”可知，工作過(guò)程是控制器發(fā)送激活信號(hào)，發(fā)射器產(chǎn)生電場(chǎng)，電場(chǎng)被接近的物體擾亂，接收器檢測(cè)電信號(hào)的變化，一個(gè)微控制器單元計(jì)算目標(biāo)的位置，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，系統(tǒng)工作程序的正確順序是“c-a-e-d-b”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsalargenumberofsensorstoachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspaceusingjustafewsensors.Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,andprocessing.(與需要大量傳感器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)空間定位的傳統(tǒng)傳感器系統(tǒng)相比，新系統(tǒng)可以使用幾個(gè)傳感器在3D空間中精確定位物體。這大大降低了數(shù)據(jù)收集、傳輸和處理的功耗)”可知，新傳感器系統(tǒng)在實(shí)現(xiàn)3D定位方面的效率更高，大大降低了數(shù)據(jù)收集、傳輸和處理的功耗，由此可知，新傳感器系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它在實(shí)現(xiàn)3D定位方面的效率更高。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.(一種被稱為電魚(yú)的非洲魚(yú)類是弱電性的，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目標(biāo)，即使它躲在泥里?？茖W(xué)家們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出一種以這些魚(yú)的能力為模型的人工傳感器系統(tǒng))”可知，文章主要介紹了受生物啟發(fā)開(kāi)發(fā)的一種新型傳感器，該傳感器能夠通過(guò)電場(chǎng)感知物體而無(wú)需接觸，具備靈活、高效的特點(diǎn)。B選項(xiàng)“Bio-inspiredSensor“Feels”WithoutTouching(受生物啟發(fā)的傳感器“無(wú)需接觸即可感知”)”準(zhǔn)確概括了文章的核心內(nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Greenroofshavebeenaroundforthousandsofyears,longbeforemodernhousingwasdeveloped.Fromthesimplegrass-coveredroofsabovecavestothefamousHangingGardensofBabylon,theyremainedanimportantpartofarchitecture.____16____Theybringenormousenvironmentalbenefitsandoffersolutionstosomepressingecologicalchallengesofourtime.Inthedesignofagreenroof,therearekeyfactorsthatcount.Thefirststepistoinstall(安裝)aprotectivelayerovertherooftopreventwaterdamage.____17____It’sessentialtochoosehigh-qualitymaterials,asoncethegreenroofiscompletedandthebuildingisinuse,replacingtheprotectivelayerbecomesdifficultandexpensive.Next,adrainage(排水)layer,whichisoftenmadeofpebblesoraspecialmat,isplacedontop.Ithelpswaterflowofftheroofinsteadofpoolingonit.Then,agrowingmedium,likesoilorothersimilarmaterials,isspreadoverthedrainagelayer.____18____Nowit’stimetochooseplantsfortheroof.Someplantshaveshallowrootsystemsanddon’tneedmuchwater.____19____Sedumandchivesaregoodexamplesofsuchplants.Theyarenotonlywater-efficientbuttoughandlong-lasting.____20____It’simportanttothinkaboutyourbudget.Onaverage,itcosts$25to$30persquarefoottoinstallagreenroof.Thisdoesn’tincludethecostofinstallingorrepairingthenormalroofunderneath.Andthereislabourcosttocover.Ifatraditionalroofcosts$30persquarefoot,installingagreenroofcouldeasilydoublethatexpense.A.Thisiswheretheplantswillgrow.B.However,greenroofscomeatahighcost.C.Today,greenroofsaregainingmoreattention.D.Thesefeaturesmakethemidealforgreenroofs.E.Asaresult,theyledtothepopularityofgreenroofs.F.Greenroofmaterialscanrangefromgrasstosolarpanels.G.Thelayeralsostopsplantrootsgrowingintotheroofstructure.【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.D20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了綠色屋頂給現(xiàn)代生活帶來(lái)的好處及它的建造過(guò)程。【16題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Theybringenormousenvironmentalbenefitsandoffersolutionstosomepressingecologicalchallengesofourtime.(它們帶來(lái)了巨大的環(huán)境效益，并為我們這個(gè)時(shí)代一些緊迫的生態(tài)挑戰(zhàn)提供了解決方案。)”可知，綠色屋頂給現(xiàn)代生活帶來(lái)的好處，C項(xiàng)“如今，綠色屋頂越來(lái)越受到人們的關(guān)注?！蹦軌蛞鹣挛?，介紹人們關(guān)注綠色屋頂?shù)脑?，因?yàn)樗鼈儊?lái)了巨大的環(huán)境效益。故選C?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thefirststepistoinstall(安裝)aprotectivelayerovertherooftopreventwaterdamage.(第一步是在屋頂上安裝保護(hù)層，以防止水損壞。)”可知，上文告訴我們綠色屋頂?shù)牡谝徊绞窃谖蓓斏习惭b保護(hù)層，以防止水損壞，G項(xiàng)“該層還可以阻止植物根系生長(zhǎng)到屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)中?！蹦軌虺薪由衔?，介紹了安裝保護(hù)層的另一個(gè)原因，可以阻止植物根系生長(zhǎng)到屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)中。故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Then,agrowingmedium,likesoilorothersimilarmaterials,isspreadoverthedrainagelayer.(然后，將土壤或其他類似材料等生長(zhǎng)介質(zhì)鋪在排水層上。)”可知，上文告訴我們要在排水層上鋪生長(zhǎng)介質(zhì)，A項(xiàng)“這是植物生長(zhǎng)的地方?！蹦軌虺薪由衔?，土壤或其他類似材料等生長(zhǎng)介質(zhì)是植物生長(zhǎng)的地方。故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Nowit’stimetochooseplantsfortheroof.Someplantshaveshallowrootsystemsanddon’tneedmuchwater.(現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候?yàn)槲蓓斶x擇植物了。有些植物根系較淺，不需要太多的水。)”可知，上文告訴我們?yōu)槲蓓斶x擇植物時(shí)，可以選擇根系較淺，不需要太多的水的植物，D項(xiàng)“這些特性使其成為綠色屋頂?shù)睦硐脒x擇?！蹦軌虺薪由衔模f(shuō)明根系較淺，不需要太多的水的植物是綠色屋頂?shù)睦硐脒x擇。故選D?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文“t’simportanttothinkaboutyourbudget.Onaverage,itcosts$25to$30persquarefoottoinstallagreenroof.(考慮一下你的預(yù)算很重要。平均而言，安裝綠色屋頂?shù)某杀緸槊科椒接⒊?5至30美元。)”可知，安裝綠色屋頂價(jià)格不菲，B項(xiàng)“然而，綠色屋頂?shù)某杀竞芨??！蹦軌蛞鹣挛模挛木唧w介紹了綠色屋頂?shù)母叱杀?。故選B。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Ionceworkedintheremotebutbeautifulcountryside.Allfarmworkcan,inmyexperience,____21____apersontodevelopaSpartan(斯巴達(dá)的)spirit.Fromtheageofeight,Ihadtocontributemyshareof____22____alongwithmyparentsandtwoelderbrothers.Onthehottestsummerdayswhentheair____23____flowed,Ikneltinapaddyfield(稻田)withmykneesdeepinmud.Thebugsandwormsinthewater____24____intomyskin,andthesunburneduponmy____25____back.Sweatstreameddown;ifadropranintotheeyes,itwould____26____tears.SoIalwayskeptmyfaceaslowaspossible.Itoldmyself,“Be____27____!”Ifmyparentsandbrotherscouldgoontakingit,socouldI.____28____Ipulledmyselftogetheranddraggedmyselfforward.Ilearnednottobeafraidofdifficultiesandthemeaningof“youreap(收獲)whatyou____29____.”“Judgeamannotbyhisface,butbyhis____30____,”mymotherusedtosay.Thelandis____31____,aslongasyouarewillingtoworkonit.Whenthewindblewandthericeplantsmovedlike____32____inthesea,breathtakinglybeautiful,adeepsenseofsatisfaction____33____inme.AlthoughlaterIwentintoacademicresearch,Ishallalwaysrememberwhatworkinginthepaddyfieldstaughtme:____34____yourfeetfirmlyontheground,nevergiveupandyouwillbe____35____.21.A.remind B.warn C.attract D.train22.A.wealth B.luck C.labour D.wisdom23.A.gently B.hardly C.loudly D.usually24.A.climbed B.bit C.cut D.fell25.A.arched B.broad C.strong D.straightened26.A.hold B.produce C.drop D.replace27.A.quick B.proud C.quiet D.patient28.A.Slowly B.Slightly C.Safely D.Sadly29.A.pick B.find C.sow D.wish30.A.fields B.books C.neighbours D.clothes31.A.affordable B.acceptable C.dependable D.livable32.A.boats B.weeds C.fishes D.waves33.A.welledup B.brokeup C.cooledoff D.heldoff34.A.drag B.kick C.plant D.lift35.A.promoted B.educated C.comforted D.rewarded【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.B25.A26.B27.D28.A29.C30.A31.C32.D33.A34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者曾經(jīng)在農(nóng)村里干農(nóng)活的經(jīng)歷，雖然辛苦，但是作者也明白了腳踏實(shí)地才能一分耕耘一分收獲的道理?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：根據(jù)我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，所有的農(nóng)活都能訓(xùn)練一個(gè)人培養(yǎng)出斯巴達(dá)精神。A.remind提醒；B.warn警告；C.attract吸引；D.train訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)后文“apersontodevelopaSpartanspirit”可知，指農(nóng)活可以訓(xùn)練出斯巴達(dá)精神。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從八歲起，我就不得不和父母和兩個(gè)哥哥一起勞動(dòng)。A.wealth財(cái)富；B.luck運(yùn)氣；C.labour勞動(dòng)；D.wisdom智慧。根據(jù)上文“Allfarmwork”可知，指和家人一起做農(nóng)活，故選C。【23題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在最炎熱的夏天，空氣幾乎沒(méi)有流動(dòng)，我跪在稻田里，膝蓋深深地埋在泥里。A.gently溫和地；B.hardly幾乎不；C.loudly大聲地；D.usually通常。根據(jù)上文“Onthehottestsummerdayswhentheair”可知，天氣炎熱，空氣幾乎沒(méi)有流動(dòng)。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：水里的蟲(chóng)子咬著我的皮膚，太陽(yáng)曬在我拱起的背上。A.climbed攀爬；B.bit咬；C.cut切割；D.fell落下。根據(jù)上文“Thebugsandwormsinthewater”指蟲(chóng)子會(huì)咬作者的皮膚。故選B。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：水里的蟲(chóng)子咬著我的皮膚，太陽(yáng)曬在我拱起的背上。A.arched拱形的；B.broad寬廣的；C.strong強(qiáng)壯的；D.straightened拉直的。根據(jù)上文“Ikneltinapaddyfieldwithmykneesdeepinmud”可知，作者是跪在田里的，所以太陽(yáng)曬在拱起的背上。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：汗水流了下來(lái)；如果一滴流進(jìn)眼睛里，就會(huì)流眼淚。A.hold持有；B.produce產(chǎn)生；C.drop落下；D.replace取代。根據(jù)上文“Sweatstreameddown;ifadropranintotheeyes”可知，汗水流進(jìn)眼睛里會(huì)導(dǎo)致流眼淚，即產(chǎn)生眼淚。故選B。27題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我告訴自己：“要有耐心！”A.quick快速的；B.proud驕傲的；C.quiet安靜的；D.patient耐心的。根據(jù)后文“Ifmyparentsandbrotherscouldgoontakingit,socouldI.(如果我的父母兄弟可以繼續(xù)這么干，我也可以)”可知，作者說(shuō)服自己耐心勞動(dòng)。故選D。【28題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我慢慢地振作起來(lái)，拖著身子往前走。A.Slowly緩慢地；B.Slightly稍微；C.Safely安全地；D.Sadly悲傷地。根據(jù)后文“Ipulledmyselftogetheranddraggedmyselfforward”指作者慢慢地振作起來(lái)，拖著身子往前走。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我學(xué)會(huì)了不害怕困難和“一分耕耘，一分收獲”的含義。A.pick撿起；B.find找到；C.sow播種；D.wish希望。根據(jù)上文“youreapwhatyou”結(jié)合作者干農(nóng)活，可知此處想強(qiáng)調(diào)“一分耕耘，一分收獲”的含義。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“判斷一個(gè)人不要看他的臉，要看他的田地，”我母親過(guò)去常說(shuō)。A.fields田地，領(lǐng)域；B.books書(shū)籍；C.neighbours鄰居；D.clothes衣服。根據(jù)后文“Thelandis”指母親說(shuō)要看別人的田地來(lái)評(píng)判別人。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這片土地是可靠的，只要你愿意在上面勞動(dòng)。A.affordable買得起的；B.acceptable可接受的；C.dependable可靠的；D.livable適于居住的。根據(jù)上文“youreapwhatyou”提到了“一分耕耘，一分收獲”，即土地是可靠的，只要你愿意在上面勞動(dòng)，就會(huì)有收獲。故選C。【32題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)風(fēng)吹著，水稻像海浪一樣在海里移動(dòng)，令人驚嘆的美麗，一種深深的滿足感涌上我的心頭。A.boats船；B.weeds野草；C.fishes魚(yú)；D.waves海浪。根據(jù)后文“inthesea”指水稻像海浪一樣在海里移動(dòng)，故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)風(fēng)吹著，水稻像海浪一樣在海里移動(dòng)，令人驚嘆的美麗，一種深深的滿足感涌上我的心頭。A.welledup逐漸涌起；B.brokeup打破；C.cooledoff變涼；D.heldoff阻止。根據(jù)上文“adeepsenseofsatisfaction”指作者內(nèi)心涌起了滿足感。故選A。【34題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然后來(lái)我從事了學(xué)術(shù)研究，但我將永遠(yuǎn)記得在稻田里工作教給我的東西：腳踏實(shí)地，永不放棄，你將得到回報(bào)。A.drag拖拉；B.kick踢腿；C.plant種植；D.lift舉起。根據(jù)后文“yourfeetfirmlyontheground”以及作者干農(nóng)活的經(jīng)歷，作者想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是腳踏實(shí)地，故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然后來(lái)我從事了學(xué)術(shù)研究，但我將永遠(yuǎn)記得在稻田里工作教給我的東西：腳踏實(shí)地，永不放棄，你將得到回報(bào)。A.promoted促進(jìn)；B.educated教育；C.comforted安慰；D.rewarded獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，回報(bào)。根據(jù)上文“nevergiveupandyouwillbe”可知，腳踏實(shí)地勞動(dòng)，只要不放棄就會(huì)有所回報(bào)。故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。OnAugust5,2024,ChinesebadmintonplayerHeBingjiaowonasilvermedalattheParisOlympics.However,____36____trulystoodoutwasatouchingmomentonthepodium(領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)臺(tái)).Asshereceivedhermedal,HeBingjiaoheldabadge(徽章)____37____(feature)theSpanishflag,whicharousedwidespreadcuriosityonline.Thisgesturewastoexpre