2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性必修第三冊(cè)教學(xué)課件 UNIT 5 Reading and Thinking

UNIT5POEMSReadingandThinkingReadingandThinkingAppreciatedifferentformsofEnglishpoems

Lead

inBeforeyouread，discussthequestionswithyourpartner.1.Comparedwithotherformsofliteraturesuchasthenovel，drama，andtheshortstory，whatarethecharacteristicsofpoetry?2.Whydoyouthinkpeoplewritepoems?

KEYS:1Comparedtootherformsofliterature，poetrytendstobeshorterthoughapoemcanbeverylong.Wordsareuseddifferently，notinsentencesandparagraphslikeinnovels，butlinesandstanzas.Oftengrammarandpunctuationareignoredoruseddifferently.Poetryismoreemotional，andthepossibilitiesaremuchmoreopenthaninprose.2Ithinkpeoplewritepoetrytoexpressdeepthoughtsandemotionsinaconcisewaythatcanbemoredirectlycommunicatedwithanotherperson，thereader.

Readthetextandcompletethetableonpage51.

Activity1PoetrycomprehensionPoemspaintpictureswithwordsthroughtheuseoffiguresofspeechandmetaphors，sotounderstandapoemfully，youhavetoimagineinyourmindthepicturethepoemispainting.Further，thesounds，rhythm，andrhymesinapoemgiveitamusicalquality.Poemsoftenhavetobereadaloud，andwithfeeling，tobereallyunderstoodandenjoyed.

AFEWSIMPLEFORMSOFENGLISHPOEMSTextTherearevariousreasonswhypeoplecomposepoetry.Somepoemstellastoryordescribeacertainimageinthereader’smind.Otherstrytoconveycertainfeelingssuchasjoyandsorrow.Thedistinctivecharacteristicsofpoetryoftenincludeeconomicaluseofwords，descriptiveandvividlanguage，integratedimagery，literarydevicessuchassimilesandmetaphors，andarrangementofwords，lines，rhymes，andrhythm.Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.Nowwewilllookatafewofthesimplerforms.SomeofthefirstpoemsayoungchildlearnsinEnglisharenursery

rhymes.Theyareusuallythetraditionalpoemsorfolksongs.Thelanguageoftheserhymes，likePoemA，istothepointbuthasastoryline.Manychildrenenjoynurseryrhymesbecausetheyrhyme，haveastrongrhythm，andoftenrepeatthesamewords.Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory，buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.Byplayingwiththewordsinnurseryrhymes，childrenlearnaboutlanguage.AHush，littlebaby，don’tsayaword，

Papa’sgonnabuyyouamockingbird. Ifthatmockingbirdwon’tsing，

Papa’sgonnabuyyouadiamondring. Ifthatdiamondringturnstobrass，

Papa’sgonnabuyyoualookingglass. Ifthatlooking-glassgetsbroke，

Papa’sgonnabuyyouabillygoat. Ifthatbillygoatwon’tpull，

Papa’sgonnabuyyouacartandbull.

Oneofthesimplestkindsofpoemisthe“l(fā)istpoem”，whichcontainsalistofthings，people，ideas，ordescriptionsthatdevelopaparticulartheme.Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphraseswhichgivebothapatternandarhythmtothepoem.Somerhyme（likeBandC），whileothersdonot.B

MotherHundredsofstarsinthedeepbluesky，

Hundredsofshellsontheshoretogether，

Hundredsofbirdsthatgosingingby，

Hundredsofbeesinthesunnyweather，

Hundredsofdewdropstogreetthedawn，

Hundredsofbeesinthepurpleclover，

Hundredsofbutterfliesonthelawn，

Butonlyonemothertheworldover. GeorgeCooperCLIFELifecanbegood，

Lifecanbebad，

Lifeismostlycheerful，

butsometimessad Lifecanbedreams，

Lifecanbegreatthoughts Lifecanmeanaperson，

Sittingincourt.

Anothersimpleformofpoemthatamateurscaneasilywriteisthecinquain，whichismadeupoffivelines.Withthese，youcanconveyastrongpictureoracertainmoodinjustafewwords.Lookattheexample（D）.D

Brother Beautiful，athletic Teasing，shouting，laughing Friendandenemytoo Mine

HaikuisaJapaneseformofpoetrythatconsistsof17syllables.Ithasaformatofthreelines，containing5，7，and5syllablesrespectively.ItisnotatraditionalformofEnglishpoetry，butisverypopularwithEnglishwriters.Itiseasytowriteand，likethecinquain，cangiveaclearpictureandcreateaspecialfeelingusingveryfewwords.Thehaikupoem（E）ontherightisatranslationfromJapanese，whichshowsamomentinthelifeofadelicatebutterfly.EAfallenblossom Iscomingbacktothebranch. Look，abutterfly!

EnglishspeakersalsoenjoypoemsfromChina，thosefromtheTangDynastyinparticular.AlotofTangpoetryhasbeentranslatedintoEnglish，suchasthisone（F）.FWheresheawaitsherhusband Onandontheriverflows. Neverlookingback，

Transformedintostone. Daybydayuponthemountaintop，

windandrainrevolve. Shouldthetravellerreturn，

thisstonewouldutterspeech. WangJianWithsomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefrom，youmayeventuallywanttowritepoemsofyourown.Giveitatry!Paragraph1Thedistinctivecharacteristicsofpoetryoftenincludeeconomicaluseofwords，descriptiveandvividlanguage，integratedimagery，literarydevicessuchassimilesandmetaphors，andarrangementofwords，lines，rhymes，andrhythm.詩(shī)歌的修辭手法佳句鑒賞詩(shī)歌的顯著特點(diǎn)通常包括精練的用詞、生動(dòng)的描述性語(yǔ)言、整體的意象、類(lèi)似明喻和暗喻的文學(xué)手法，以及字詞、詩(shī)行、韻腳和節(jié)奏的編排。 詩(shī)歌（poetry）是依照一定的節(jié)奏、音調(diào)、韻律要求，以強(qiáng)烈而真摯的情感，凝練、形象的語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)和反映人的精神世界和社會(huì)生活的一種文學(xué)形式。 Paragraph2SomeofthefirstpoemsayoungchildlearnsinEnglisharenursery

rhymes.Theyareusuallythetraditionalpoemsorfolk

songs.語(yǔ)音恰到好處，含有故事情節(jié) 佳句鑒賞一個(gè)孩童最初學(xué)會(huì)的一些英文詩(shī)歌就是童謠。它們大多是傳統(tǒng)詩(shī)歌或民謠。 nurseryrhymes兒歌或童謠，由歷代兒童傳承下來(lái)的傳統(tǒng)韻文或兒歌，在美國(guó)通常被稱(chēng)為“鵝媽媽兒歌”。常見(jiàn)的兒歌類(lèi)型有搖籃曲（催眠曲）、玩耍兒歌、數(shù)目?jī)焊?、歷史事件或人物為題材的兒歌、謎語(yǔ)等。兒歌的特點(diǎn)是形式短小、語(yǔ)言通俗易懂、節(jié)奏明快、韻律響亮。Paragraph5HaikuisaJapaneseformofpoetrythatconsistsof17syllables.Ithasaformatofthreelines，containing5，7，and5syllablesrespectively.俳句易于創(chuàng)作,寥寥數(shù)語(yǔ)就展現(xiàn)清晰的畫(huà)面，表達(dá)特殊的情感 佳句鑒賞俳句是日本的一種詩(shī)歌形式，由17個(gè)音節(jié)組成。其格式為三行，每行的音節(jié)分別是五個(gè)、七個(gè)和五個(gè)。 Haiku俳句是日本詩(shī)歌的一種形式，是最短的抒情詩(shī)之一。俳句由三行17個(gè)音節(jié)組成：第一行5個(gè)音節(jié)，第二行7個(gè)音節(jié)，第三行5個(gè)音節(jié)。俳句中要有一個(gè)“季語(yǔ)”。所謂季語(yǔ)是指用以表示春、夏、秋、冬及新年的季節(jié)用語(yǔ)。Paragraph5Wheresheawaitsherhusband Onandontheriverflows. Neverlookingback，

Transformedintostone. Daybydayuponthemountaintop，

windandrainrevolve. Shouldthetravellerreturn，

thisstonewouldutterspeech. WangJian全詩(shī)刻畫(huà)了古代婦女深情動(dòng)人的形象，揭示了她們悲苦的命運(yùn)。詩(shī)歌于平淡質(zhì)樸中，蘊(yùn)含著豐富的內(nèi)容。

佳作鑒賞望夫石

王建望夫處，江悠悠，化為石，不回頭。山頭日日風(fēng)復(fù)雨，行人歸來(lái)石應(yīng)語(yǔ)。

從藝術(shù)手法上看，這首詩(shī)始終抓住石之形與人之情來(lái)寫(xiě)，構(gòu)思最為精巧?！巴蛱?，江悠悠”，從人寫(xiě)起，交代了地點(diǎn)，又以悠悠江水流暗喻時(shí)間之長(zhǎng)，感情之久?！盎癁槭?，不回頭”，言望夫之?huà)D化而為石，也暗示時(shí)久。婦人佇立江邊，看那江水一去不回頭，自己也化為石像永遠(yuǎn)不回頭?！吧筋^日日風(fēng)復(fù)雨”，不畏風(fēng)吹雨打，不怕天長(zhǎng)日久，她一直不回頭，一心望夫歸。最后，以“行歸來(lái)石應(yīng)語(yǔ)”結(jié)束全詩(shī)，又將望夫石擬人話，可謂匠心獨(dú)運(yùn)。Readthetextandcompletethetableonpage51.Activity2Typeofpoem

Characteristics

Example

Topicsandpoeticdevices

Nurseryrhyme

concretebutcreativelanguage

Alovebetweenfatherandbabyrhymes，repetition

Listpoem

BClistsofthings，people，ideas，ordescriptionsofaparticularthemeflexiblelinelengthrepeatedphrasesforpatternsandrhythmnaturerepetition

liferepetitionReadthetextandcompletethetableonpage51.Activity2TypeofpoemCharacteristicsExampleTopicsandpoeticdevicesCinquain

DHaiku

ETangpoem

Fsimpleformfivelinesbrotherstrongpictureormood

17syllablesthreelinescontaining5，7，and5syllablesrespectivelynature

structuredwaiting1.Recite

new

words

and

phrases.2.Describeyourownpoem.homework課文結(jié)構(gòu)圖解Ⅰ閱讀理解（根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容選擇正確答案）1.Howmanyformsofpoemsdoesthepassagetalkabout?A.8.B.7.C.6.D.5.2.Whichtwopoemshaverhyminglines?A.PoemsAandB.B.PoemsCandD.C.PoemsEandF.D.PoemsAandE.3.Whatdoesthephrase“hundredsof”inPoemBhighlight?A.Stars.B.Birds.C.Onlyone.D.Dewdrops.4.WhatkindoffeelingisconveyedinPoemF?A.Love.B.Sorrow.C.Happiness.D.Anger.○○○○課文預(yù)習(xí)自測(cè)Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空（根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則完成短文）

Therearevariousreasons1

peoplewritepoetry.Somepoemsgivethereaderastrong2

（impress）.Otherstrytoconveycertainemotions.Inthistext，somesimplerformsofEnglishpoems3

（introduce），such4

nurseryrhymes，whichmayseem5

（contradict）.Buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthand6

（repeat）phrases.Studentscanalsowritethecinquain，aformofpoem7

（make）upoffivelines.Haikuis8

Japaneseformofpoetrywith17syllables.EnglishspeakersalsoenjoyTangpoetry.Withsomanydifferentformsofpoetry9

（choose）from，studentsmay10

（eventual）wanttowritepoemsoftheirown.why

impression

areintroduced

as

contradictory

repeated

made

atochooseeventuallyLanguagepoints

核心詞匯教材原句p.50Comparedwithotherformsofliterature...whatarethecharacteristicsofpoetry?與其他的文學(xué)形式相比……，詩(shī)歌有什么特點(diǎn)呢？1comparedwith/to...與……相比（多在句中作狀語(yǔ)）Comparedwith/tothesecondcorporation，thefirstismorepromising.與第二家公司相比，第一家更有前途?！練w納拓展】compareAwith/toB

把A和B作比較comparewith/to

與……相似；比得上compareAtoB

把A比喻成Bcomparenotes

交換看法或意見(jiàn)Wecomparedthefirstcandidatewith/tothesecondonecarefully.我們仔細(xì)比較了第一個(gè)候選人和第二個(gè)候選人。Noonecancomparewith/tohiminmaths.在數(shù)學(xué)方面，沒(méi)人能和他比。Weusuallycomparebookstofriends.我們通常把書(shū)比喻成朋友。Weoftencompareateachertoagardener.我們常常把老師比喻成園丁。題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Filmhasamuchshorterhistory，especiallywhen

（compare）tosuchartforms

asmusicandpainting.（2）When

（compare）differentcultures，weoftenpayattentiononlytothe

differenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.（3）Comparesomerecentwork

yourolderstuffandyou’llseehowmuchyou’ve

improved.完成句子（4）

（與……相比）lettersandpublicphones，mobilephonesand

theInternetarefasterandmoreconvenient.

comparedcomparing

with/to

Comparedwith/to教材原句p.50Otherstrytoconveycertainfeelingssuchasjoyandsorrow.其他詩(shī)歌則試圖表達(dá)某些感情，如歡喜和悲傷。2sorrow（1）n.悲傷；悲痛；傷心事 toone’ssorrow令某人悲痛的是 sharehappinessandsorrow同甘共苦搭配

moreinsorrowthaninanger悲哀多于憤怒 drownyoursorrows借酒澆愁 mixjoywithsorrow悲喜交加Whenhelearnedthathissonwasaddictedtocomputergames，greatsorrow

dominatedhim.聽(tīng)說(shuō)兒子迷上了電腦游戲時(shí)，他難掩悲傷。Hehangedhimselfinsorrowafterhiswifedied.妻子死后，他因悲傷而自縊。（2）vi.感到悲傷搭配：sorrowover為……而悲傷Shewassorrowingoverthelossofherfriend.她為失去朋友而感到悲痛。【詞語(yǔ)積累】sorrowfuladj.悲傷的；傷心的Afuneralisasorrowfuloccasion.葬禮是一種令人悲傷的場(chǎng)合。單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）

ourgreatsorrow，hediedathispost.（2）Thelocalpeoplearesorrowing

thedeathofthelovednurse.（3）Hisfather’sfacelookedsoftand

（sorrow）.完成句子（4）Theysaidthatthedecisionwasmade

（悲哀多于憤怒）.（5）He

（表達(dá)悲傷）atthenewsofherdeath. （6）Danceexpressesloveandhate，

（快樂(lè)和悲傷），lifeand

death，andeverythingelseinbetween.

Toover

sorrowful

moreinsorrowthaninanger

expressedhissorrow

joyandsorrow教材原句p.50Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.

詩(shī)人采用許多不同形式的詩(shī)歌來(lái)表達(dá)自己的想法。3expressoneself表達(dá)自己的想法Theartworldgavemeachancetoexpressmyselfwithoutwords.藝術(shù)世界給了我一個(gè)不用語(yǔ)言就可以表達(dá)自己想法的機(jī)會(huì)。【歸納拓展】（1）expressconcernsabout對(duì)……表示憂慮expressone’sregretfor對(duì)……表示遺憾expressone’sthanks/gratitudetosb.向某人表達(dá)謝意expressmycongratulationstoyou對(duì)你表達(dá)我的祝賀（2）facialexpression面部表情freedomofexpression言論自由；表達(dá)自由beyondexpression無(wú)法表達(dá)；形容不出單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Youngchildrenoftenhavedifficultyexpressing

（them）.（2）Theability

（express）anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.（3）Freedomof

（express）isabasichumanright.完成句子（4）Iwouldliketo

（表達(dá)感謝）foryourkindness.（5）Ourexcitementwas

（無(wú)以言表）whenthenewscame.

themselves

toexpressexpression

expressmythanks/gratitude

beyondexpression教材原句p.50Thelanguageoftheserhymes，likePoemA，istothepointbuthasastoryline.這些童謠（如詩(shī)歌A）的語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)單明了，但是帶有故事情節(jié)。4tothepoint切題的；中肯的Iwishtheconsultantwouldgettothepoint.但愿這位顧問(wèn)快點(diǎn)說(shuō)正題。【歸納拓展】offthepoint跑題come/getstraighttothepoint直奔主題/開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山I’llcomestraighttothepoint：whatyouaredoinghasdisturbedus.我就直說(shuō)吧：你的所作所為打擾了我們。完成句子（1）Hiscommentsare

（切題的）.（2）I’mafraidwhatyou’resayingnowis

（跑題了）.（3）TimeisshortsoI’ll

（直奔主題）.

tothepoint

offthepoint

get/comestraighttothepoint教材原句p.50Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory...

這些詩(shī)歌可能沒(méi)有意義，甚至看起來(lái)自相矛盾……5makesense講得通；有道理；是明智的See，yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain!Itdoesn’tmakesensetobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.瞧，你的電腦又壞了！只是為了省一點(diǎn)錢(qián)買(mǎi)最便宜牌子的電腦是不明智的。Itdoesn’tmakesensetoconsumetoomuchfossilfuel.消耗太多的化石燃料是不明智的?！練w納拓展】makesenseof明白；弄懂……的意思inasense在某種意義上innosense決不（位于句首時(shí)，句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序）Thereisnosenseindoingsth.做某事毫無(wú)意義。Howdowemakesenseofthesephenomena?我們?cè)趺蠢斫膺@些現(xiàn)象呢？同義句轉(zhuǎn)換（1）WhatJohnnysaidatthemeetingdidn’tmakesense.→WhatJohnnysaidatthemeeting

.完成句子（2）

（不明智）tobuythatskateboardwhenthesecheaperones

arejustasgood.（3）NomatterhowIreadit，thesentencedoesn’t

（講不通）.Ican’t

（明白）it.

madenosense

Itdoesn’tmakesense

makeanysense

makesenseof教材原句p.51Anothersimpleformofpoemthatamateurscaneasilywriteisthecinquain,whichismadeupoffivelines.另一種業(yè)余愛(ài)好者容易寫(xiě)的簡(jiǎn)單形式的詩(shī)歌是五行詩(shī)，它是由五行組成的。6bemadeupof由……組成/構(gòu)成Themedicalteamismadeupofthreedoctorsandeightnurses.這個(gè)醫(yī)療隊(duì)由三名醫(yī)生和八名護(hù)士組成?！練w納拓展】 bemadeupof（1） becomposedof由……組成（整體由部分構(gòu)成）consistofListeningisthusanactive，notapassive，behaviorconsistingofhearing，understandingandremembering.因此聽(tīng)是一種主動(dòng)的，而不是被動(dòng)的行為。它包含聽(tīng)、理解和記憶。（2）makeup組成（部分構(gòu)成整體）Insomelanguages，100wordsmakeuphalfofallwordsusedindailyconversations.在一些語(yǔ)言中，100個(gè)單詞就能組成日常交際中所用到的所有詞匯的一半。同義句轉(zhuǎn)換（1）TheEnglishlanguageismadeupofgrammarandvocabulary.→TheEnglishlanguage

grammarandvocabulary.→Grammarandvocabulary

theEnglishlanguage.單句語(yǔ)法填空（2）Theorganization

（make）upofeightcountries.（3）Thisisanorganization

（make）upofeightcountries.（4）Thisisanorganization

（consist）ofeightcountries.consistsofmakeupismademadeconsisting教材原句p.51Withthese，youcanconveyastrongpictureoracertainmoodinjustafewwords.用五行詩(shī)，你只需幾句話就能表達(dá)出強(qiáng)烈的畫(huà)面或某種情緒。7moodn.

情緒；心情；（動(dòng)詞的）語(yǔ)氣 inagood/badmood心情好/不好搭配

inthemoodforsth./todosth.有做某事的心情 innomoodforsth./todosth.沒(méi)有心情做某事She’sinagoodmoodtoday.她今天心情很好。Afteradayofoutdooractivities，youshouldbeinthemoodforagoodmeal.在戶(hù)外活動(dòng)了一天之后，你應(yīng)該想好好吃一頓。I’minnomoodtoattendtheparty.我無(wú)心去參加聚會(huì)。完成句子（1）I’mjustnot

（有……的心情）apartytonight.（2）IhaveneverseenAnn

（心情這么好）before.（3）Shewasverytired，and

（沒(méi)有心情）dancing.inthemoodforinsuchagoodmoodinnomoodfor教材原句p.51Teasing，shouting，laughing愛(ài)鬧，愛(ài)叫，又愛(ài)笑8teasevi.&vt.取笑（某人）；揶揄；逗弄（動(dòng)物）搭配：teasesb.aboutsth.拿……開(kāi)某人的玩笑Sheusedtoteasemeaboutmyhair.她過(guò)去總是取笑我的頭發(fā)。Don’tgetupset.Iamonlyteasing.不要生氣。我只是開(kāi)玩笑?！練w納拓展】laughatsb.嘲笑某人playatrick/tricksonsb.捉弄某人makefunofsb.開(kāi)某人的玩笑playajoke/jokesonsb.跟某人開(kāi)玩笑Theotherchildrenwerealwaysmakingfunofhimbecausehewasfatandworeglasses.別的孩子總是取笑他，因?yàn)樗侄掖髦坨R。單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Iusedtoget

（tease）aboutmyname.（2）Iusedtohate

（tease）aboutmyredhairwhenIwasatschool.（3）Don’tteasehim

hisweight—it’scruel.（4）Sheplayedatrick

mebytellingmeDianewashavingapartywhenshewasn’t.完成句子（5）Youmustnever

（取笑一個(gè)孩子）becausehestutters（口吃）（6）Don’ttakeitseriously.He

（只是在開(kāi)玩笑）.

teasedbeingteasedaboutonteaseachildisonlyteasing重點(diǎn)句式教材原句p.51Itiseasytowriteand，likethecinquain,cangiveaclearpictureandcreateaspecialfeelingusingveryfewwords.它容易寫(xiě)，就像五行詩(shī)一樣，可以用很少的文字描繪出一幅清晰的畫(huà)面并創(chuàng)造出一種特別的感覺(jué)。【句式分析】本句中，it并非形式主語(yǔ)而是替代詞，指代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞，同時(shí)作write的邏輯賓語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)using...作方式狀語(yǔ)。1主語(yǔ)+be+adj.+（forsb.）todo（1）句子的主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞不定式是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。如果不定式的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。（2）一些形容詞如easy，difficult，hard，comfortable，dangerous，impossible，pleasant，heavy，light等后接不定式的主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難回答。Thesentenceisnoteasytounderstand.這個(gè)句子不容易理解。Thesurroundingsaredifficulttotolerate.周?chē)沫h(huán)境令人難以忍受。單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Tomisourmanagerwhoiseasy

（get）alongwith.翻譯句子（2）這臺(tái)機(jī)器容易操作。

_______________________________（3）這個(gè)房間住起來(lái)很舒適。

_______________________________（4）這個(gè)盒子對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太重了，我舉不動(dòng)。

________________________________

togetThemachineiseasytooperate.Theroomiscomfortabletolivein.Theboxistooheavyformetolift.2現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果或伴隨情況等。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，分詞前會(huì)加when，while，if，unless，once，though，evenif，asif等連詞一起作狀語(yǔ)。（1）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）Hearingtheirteacher’svoice，thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.聽(tīng)到老師的聲音，學(xué)生們立刻停止了講話。（2）原因狀語(yǔ)（相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句）Beingill，shedidn’tgotoschoolasusualtoday.因?yàn)樯。裉?/p>