重慶市2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期2月開學(xué)考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1重慶市2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期2月開學(xué)考試英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AInnovativeIdeasbyStudentsOxygen/carbondioxidelevelindicatorSR-Valava,AftabEnglishHigherSecondarySchoolThesystemcandetectlevelsofoxygen/carbondioxideintheclosedcarandopenwindowswhentheoxygenleveldropsorcarbondioxidelevelrises,therebypreventingaccidentaldeathsofchildrenorpetslockedinsidethecar.Newservingtray(托盤)AlokSingh,ShahFaizPublicSchoolThisservingtrayhasareleasemechanismthatcanputcups/glassesonthetablealongwithacoaster(玻璃杯墊)withouttouchingit.Oncewhileservingteatoaguest,Alokspilled(灑出)hotteaoverhimresultinginsomeburnstohishands.Afterthisincidenthecameupwiththisideatomakeservingeasyand“stylish”.Posture(姿勢)correctingchairKulsoomRizavi,LaMartiniereGirls’CollegeWithsensorsatappropriateplaces,thechairalarmstheuserwhentheirsittingpostureiswrong.Kulsoomdreamedupthisideaafterbeingregularlycriticizedbyhermotherforherbadposture.Shethoughtthatwhileitmaynotbepossibletoberemindedagainandagainbysomeoneforsittingwrongly,thistaskcanbedonebythechairitself.SuddenfalldetectorSoumyaRanjanBehera,BTTSUpperPrimarySchool.Thewearabledevicealarmsotherswhentheuserfallssuddenly.Itisusefulforoldpeopleandthosesufferingfromfits,epilepsy(癲癇),etc.Itwillhelpkeepanelectroniceyeonone’slovedones.TheideastruckSoumyaRanjanwhenhisgrandmasufferedanepilepticattackandfelldown.Hewondered,whatifshewasn’taround?1.Wheredoesthestudentdesigningthesystemavailableforcarscomefrom?A.ShahFaizPublicSchool. B.LaMartiniereGirlsCollege.C.BTTSUpperPrimarySchool. D.AftabEnglishHigherSecondarySchool.2.WhatcanKulsoom’sinnovationdo?A.Warnusersagainstsittingimproperly. B.Correctusers’poorstandingposture.C.Makeuserssitstillmorecomfortably. D.Alarmusersaboutfallingoffachair.3.Whichofthefollowingistargetedspecificallyattheaged?A.Newservingtray. B.Suddenfalldetector.C.Posturecorrectingchair. D.Oxygen/carbondioxidelevelindicator.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四款發(fā)明以及發(fā)明者的信息?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一部分“SR-Valava,AftabEnglishHigherSecondarySchool(SR-Valava，Aftab英語高級中學(xué))”以及“Thesystemcandetectlevelsofoxygen/carbondioxideintheclosedcarandopenwindowswhentheoxygenleveldropsorcarbondioxidelevelrises,therebypreventingaccidentaldeathsofchildrenorpetslockedinsidethecar.(該系統(tǒng)可以檢測封閉車內(nèi)的氧氣/二氧化碳水平，并在氧氣水平下降或二氧化碳水平上升時(shí)打開車窗，從而防止被鎖在車內(nèi)的兒童或?qū)櫸镆馔馑劳?”可知，設(shè)計(jì)汽車系統(tǒng)的學(xué)生來自Aftab英語高級中學(xué)。故選D。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Posture(姿勢)correctingchair部分中“Withsensorsatappropriateplaces,thechairalarmstheuserwhentheirsittingpostureiswrong.(椅子在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤桨惭b了傳感器，當(dāng)用戶的坐姿錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，椅子會發(fā)出警報(bào))”可知，Kulsoom的創(chuàng)新可以警告使用者不當(dāng)坐姿。故選A。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itisusefulforoldpeopleandthosesufferingfromfits,epilepsy(癲癇),etc.(它對老年人和那些患有痙攣、癲癇等疾病的人很有用)”可知，Suddenfalldetector是專門針對老年人的。故選B。BWhenIsawthedocumentaryADHD(多動(dòng)癥):NotJustforKids,Iwasintearsafter20minutes—thestoriesbeingtoldsoundedmuchlikemyown.I’minmy40s,IhadreadeverythingtherewasinhealthandscienceandIhadnoideathatthesymptoms(癥狀)Ihadexperiencedallofmylifewereanythingbutnormal.HowhadImissedthis?Icalledthedoctortogetassessed.Imusthavesoundeddesperateonthephone;theytookmerightaway.Later,IresearchedeverythingIcouldaboutADHD.Itbecameclearthatmymisunderstandingandignoranceaboutthedisorderhadmisledme.Amillionthoughts,amillionregrets.Finally,ItoldmyselfIcouldn’tchangethepast,butIcouldsharethefactthatADHDcanlookmuchdifferentfromthesuperactivechildpracticingbackflips(后空翻)offofachair.Asforme,thingswentanotherwayaround:Iwasayounggirl,quietlysittingatmyschooldesk,pretendingtolistentotheteacher.Meanwhile,Iwaswatchinganddrawingthebirdthatlandedinthetreeoutside.AndIwasrereadingentirechaptersofmytextbooksandtakingextensivenotesbecauseIcouldn’trememberwhatIhadjustreadbecauseIwasthinkingofthebirdIhadseenearlier.Laterinlife,I’dsitatthekitchentable,staringoutthewindow.There’snotellinghowlongitwilltake.Thoughtsrushinfromyesterday,todayandtomorrow.Ineedtomakedinner,takethedogforawalk,thekidswillbehomesoon...ButIcan’tmove.IknowthatIshould,butIcan’t.Afterward,Iberatemyself,unabletounderstandwhyIdidn’tgetup,whyIwastedsomuchprecioustime,somuchofmylifedoingnothing,itseems.Sincebeingtreated,Ihaveaninnercalmnessthatisnewtome.Medicationdoesn’torganizemyday;itdoesn’tremindmetopickupthekidsorwalkthedog.However,itallowsmetomovewhenI’vebeenstaringoutthewindowfortoolong.4.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromthedocumentary?A.ShemighthavebeenanADHDpatient.B.Shewaswronglyassessedbymanydoctors.C.ShehadneverexperiencedanysymptomofADHD.D.Shewasaveryproblematicchildduringschoolyears.5.Whydoestheauthorshareherearlyexperiencesinparagraphs3-4?A.ToofferpossiblecausesofADHD.B.TomakeitclearhowADHDdevelops.C.ToshowADHDhasmorethanoneform.D.TodescribeADHDsymptomsinchildren.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“berate”meaninparagraph4?A.adjust. B.blame. C.push. D.challenge.7.Howhasthetreatmentaffectedtheauthor?A.Shehaslearnedsomebasiclifeskills.B.Shehasallowedherselfmorefreetime.C.Shehasbecomemotivatedtotakeaction.D.Shehasdevelopedmorepatiencewithherkids.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位40多歲的女士在看完關(guān)于多動(dòng)癥的紀(jì)錄片后，對自己過去生活的反思和自白?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“WhenIsawthedocumentaryADHD(多動(dòng)癥):NotJustforKids,Iwasintearsafter20minutes—thestoriesbeingtoldsoundedmuchlikemyown.(當(dāng)我看紀(jì)錄片《多動(dòng)癥：不只是孩子的》時(shí)，我看了20分鐘就哭了——里面講的故事聽起來很像我自己的故事)”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)紀(jì)錄片中關(guān)于多動(dòng)癥的故事和自己的經(jīng)歷很相似，通過紀(jì)錄片她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己可能是多動(dòng)癥患者。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。第二段中“Finally,ItoldmyselfIcouldn’tchangethepast,butIcouldsharethefactthatADHDcanlookmuchdifferentfromthesuperactivechildpracticingbackflips(后空翻)offofachair.(最后，我告訴自己，我無法改變過去，但我可以分享這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：多動(dòng)癥與超級活躍的孩子在椅子上練習(xí)后空翻有很大的不同)”作者提出自己對多動(dòng)癥的認(rèn)知：多動(dòng)癥與超級活躍的孩子在椅子上練習(xí)后空翻有很大的不同。第三段中“Asforme,thingswentanotherwayaround:Iwasayounggirl,quietlysittingatmyschooldesk,pretendingtolistentotheteacher...(對我來說，情況正好相反:我是一個(gè)小女孩，靜靜地坐在課桌前，假裝在聽老師講課……)”和第四段中“Laterinlife,I’dsitatthekitchentable,staringoutthewindow.There’snotellinghowlongitwilltake.Thoughtsrushinfromyesterday,todayandtomorrow...

(后來，我坐在廚房的桌子旁，凝視著窗外。不知道要花多長時(shí)間。思緒從昨天、今天和明天涌來……)”用自己的經(jīng)歷來說明多動(dòng)癥除了“超級活躍”外，還有其它形式。所以作者在第3、4段中分享了她早期的經(jīng)歷是為了表明多動(dòng)癥不止一種形式。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“Ineedtomakedinner,takethedogforawalk,thekidswillbehomesoon...ButIcan’tmove.IknowthatIshould,butIcan’t.(我要做晚飯，遛狗，孩子們很快就會回家……但是我動(dòng)不了。我知道我應(yīng)該這么做，但我做不到)”可知，在生活中，作者總是無法去做自己想做的事情，身體不受自己控制。結(jié)合劃線詞所在句“Afterward,Iberate

myself,unabletounderstandwhyIdidn’tgetup,whyIwastedsomuchprecioustime,somuchofmylifedoingnothing,itseems.(后來，我berate自己，不明白為什么我沒有起床，為什么我浪費(fèi)了這么多寶貴的時(shí)間，為什么我的生命中這么多的時(shí)間似乎什么都沒做)”中“unabletounderstandwhyIdidn’tgetup,whyIwastedsomuchprecioustime,somuchofmylifedoingnothing”可推知，作者對于自己的這種無能充滿自責(zé)。故berate與blame意思相近。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Sincebeingtreated,Ihaveaninnercalmnessthatisnewtome.Medicationdoesn’torganizemyday;itdoesn’tremindmetopickupthekidsorwalkthedog.However,itallowsmetomovewhenI’vebeenstaringoutthewindowfortoolong.(自從接受治療以來，我內(nèi)心的平靜對我來說是前所未有的。藥物不能安排我的一天；它不會提醒我去接孩子或遛狗。然而，當(dāng)我盯著窗外看太久的時(shí)候，它可以讓我動(dòng)起來)”可知，治療讓作者有了采取行動(dòng)的動(dòng)力。故選C項(xiàng)。CIngeneral,thesocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic(官僚主義的)managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-equippedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotchangethefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-collarandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,seeminglybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajobortheywouldsaythattheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Infact,theyfeeldesperateastheyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.AmIsuggestingareturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingthesocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.8.By“asmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery”,theauthorexpressestheideathatmanis_________.A.anessentialpartofsocietywithirreplaceablefunctionsB.expectedtoworkinreasonableharmonywiththerestofsocietyC.anunimportantcomponentofsociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothlyD.responsibleforthesmoothrunningofsocietyandbusinessoperations9.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat_________.A.theyarefilledwithanoverwhelmingfearofbeingunemployedB.theydon’thaveanygenuinesatisfactionorinterestC.theyhavetofacethefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceD.theylackasenseofindependenceandproductivity10.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“submissiveness”?A.caution B.obedience C.commitment D.optimism11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tointroducetheproductionmodeofourancestors.B.Toshowtheproblematicsituationinsociety.C.Toargueforfulldevelopmentofhumanpotentials.D.Tohelppeopleescapeproductionandconsumption.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章探討了現(xiàn)代社會中工人、雇員以及社會階層較高者的焦慮和不滿情緒，呼吁轉(zhuǎn)變社會制度，充分開發(fā)人類潛能，使生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)成為實(shí)現(xiàn)人的全面發(fā)展的手段?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Ingeneral,thesocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic(官僚主義的)managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-equippedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotchangethefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandheisboredwithit.(總的來說，社會正在變成一個(gè)由官僚管理層管理的巨型企業(yè)，在這個(gè)企業(yè)中，人變成了機(jī)器中一個(gè)小小的、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪。給齒輪“加油”是通過更高的工資、設(shè)備精良的工廠和管弦樂，以及心理學(xué)家和“人際關(guān)系”專家完成的)”和“Infact,theblue-collarandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.(事實(shí)上，藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人和白領(lǐng)工人已經(jīng)成為經(jīng)濟(jì)的傀儡，隨著自動(dòng)化機(jī)器和官僚管理的曲調(diào)起舞)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為人只是機(jī)器中一個(gè)小小的、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪，是經(jīng)濟(jì)的傀儡，受到自動(dòng)化機(jī)器和官僚管理的支配，雖然運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)，但并不重要。故選C。【9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Infact,theyfeeldesperateastheyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.(事實(shí)上，他們感到絕望是因?yàn)樗麄儚膩頉]有作為情感和智力上獨(dú)立的和有生產(chǎn)力的人去面對人類生存的基本現(xiàn)實(shí))”可知，工人和雇員焦慮的真正原因是他們?nèi)狈Κ?dú)立意識和生產(chǎn)力。故選D?！?0題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,

theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureof

submissivenessandindependence.(當(dāng)他們申請第一份工作時(shí)，他們接受智力測試，以及是否能把submissiveness和獨(dú)立正確地結(jié)合起來的測試)”中“testedfor”可知，句中談?wù)摰氖菍?yīng)聘者的相關(guān)測試。結(jié)合劃線詞前“therightmixture...”和其后“independence”可推知，submissiveness與independence(獨(dú)立)是應(yīng)聘者需要兼有的兩種特質(zhì)，應(yīng)聘者在兩者之間需要找到平衡點(diǎn)。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可推知，submissiveness與obedience同義，意為“服從”，與independence(獨(dú)立)意思相對。故選B項(xiàng)。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Isuggesttransformingthesocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.(我建議將社會制度從以最大限度生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)為目的的官僚管理的工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐匀思捌錆撃堋袗酆屠硇缘臐撃堋某浞职l(fā)展為社會安排目標(biāo)的人道主義工業(yè)主義。生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)應(yīng)該作為達(dá)到這一目的的手段，而不應(yīng)該支配人)”可推知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是主張充分開發(fā)人類潛能。故選C項(xiàng)。DImagineyouneedmilk,soyougotothegrocerystoretopicksomeup,onlytofindtherearedozensofoptions.Thesedays,youhavetomakeadecisiononnotonlythepercentageoffatyouwant,butalsowhatsourceyouwantyourmilktobecomingfrom:cows,soybeans...Youhavenoideawhatmilktopick.Therearesomanychoicesthatyouareconfused.Thisphenomenonisknownastheparadox(悖論)ofchoiceanditisbecomingaconcerninthemodernworld,wheremoreandmoreoptionsarebecomingeasilyavailabletous.Whilewemightbelievethatbeingpresentedwithmultipleoptionsactuallymakesiteasiertochooseonethatwearehappywith,andthusincreasesconsumersatisfaction,havingtoomanyoptionsactuallyrequiresmoreefforttomakeadecisionandcanleaveusfeelingunsatisfiedwithourchoice.TheideawaspopularizedbyAmericanpsychologistBarrySchwartzwhenhepublishedhisbook,TheParadoxofChoice:WhyMoreIsLess.Schwartz,whohaslongstudiedthewaysinwhicheconomicsandpsychologyintersect(交叉),becameinterestedinseeingthewaythatchoiceswereaffectingthehappinessofcitizensinWesternsocieties.Heidentifiedthattherangeofchoicesthatwehaveavailabletousthesedaysisfargreaterthanthatpeoplehadinthepast;however,consumersatisfactionhasnotincreasedasmuchastraditionaleconomicstheoriesmightexpect.Schwartzidentifiedthattheparadoxofchoicecarriesthemostconsequenceforpeoplethataremaximizers.Maximizers,unlikesatisficers,areconcernedwithmakingthebestchoiceinsteadofsimplymakingachoicethattheyarehappywith.Whentherearemanyoptionsavailabletomaximizers,itbecomesharderforthemtodeterminewhichisthebest,whichcancausethemtofeelagreatdealofregretaftertheyhavemadeachoice.Insteadofbelievingthatfreedomofchoiceisunlimited,Schwartzadvocatesthattheroleofpsychologyandbehavioraleconomicsshouldbetofindthekindoflimitationsonfreedomthatcanleadtothegreatestlevelofhappinesswithinsociety.12.What’stheauthor’spurposeinmentioningbuyingmilkinparagraph1?A.Toleadinthetopic.B.Todrawaconclusion.C.Toshowthatwehavemorechoiceswhenshopping.D.Toindicatethatpeoplepaygreaterattentiontohealthwhenshopping.13.Whatdoestheparadoxofchoicesuggest?A.Moreoptionsmeanlesssatisfaction.B.Consumersatisfactionhasgreatlyincreased.C.Peoplearehappywithmorechoices.D.Modernpeoplearehappierthantheirancestors.14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutsatisficers?A.Theyaimfortheverybest. B.Theytendtofollowtheirfeelings.C.Theyoftenregrettheirdecisions. D.Theyhavetroublemakingadecision.15.WhatdoesSchwartzsuggestpeopledo?A.Holdontotheirbeliefs. B.Accepttheirownbehavior.C.Giveupfreedom. D.Limittheirownchoices.【答案】12.A13.A14.B15.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹了“選擇悖論”這一現(xiàn)象，即過多的選擇會讓人們感到困惑和不滿，從而降低消費(fèi)者的滿意度。文章還介紹了“最大化者”和“滿足者”的區(qū)別，以及心理學(xué)和行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)在解決這一問題中的作用。【12題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Imagineyouneedmilk,soyougotothegrocerystoretopicksomeup,onlytofindtherearedozensofoptions.(想象一下，你需要牛奶，所以你去雜貨店買了一些，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有幾十種選擇)”以及“Youhavenoideawhatmilktopick.Therearesomanychoicesthatyouareconfused.(你不知道該選什么牛奶。有太多的選擇讓你感到困惑)”可知，購物時(shí)牛奶品類眾多，以至于很難做出決策。是下文“選擇的悖論”這一現(xiàn)象的一個(gè)案例。由此可推知，文章第一段提到買牛奶就是為了引出文章的話題。故選A?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Whilewemightbelievethatbeingpresentedwithmultipleoptionsactuallymakesiteasiertochooseonethatwearehappywith,andthusincreasesconsumersatisfaction,havingtoomanyoptionsactuallyrequiresmoreefforttomakeadecisionandcanleaveusfeelingunsatisfiedwithourchoice.(雖然我們可能認(rèn)為，提供多種選擇實(shí)際上會讓我們更容易選擇一種我們滿意的選擇，從而提高消費(fèi)者滿意度，選擇太多實(shí)際上需要付出更多的努力才能做出決定，這會讓我們對自己的選擇感到不滿意)”可知，選擇太多實(shí)際上需要付出更多的努力才能做出決定，這會讓我們對自己的選擇感到不滿意。由此可推知，更多的選擇意味著更少的滿足感。故選A。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Maximizers,unlikesatisficers,areconcernedwithmakingthebestchoiceinsteadofsimplymakingachoicethattheyarehappywith.(與滿足者不同，最大化者關(guān)心的是做出最好的選擇，而不是簡單地做出他們滿意的選擇)”可推知，滿足者跟隨自己的感覺，不糾結(jié)于必須做出“最好的”決定。故選B。【15題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Insteadofbelievingthatfreedomofchoiceisunlimited,Schwartzadvocatesthattheroleofpsychologyandbehavioraleconomicsshouldbetofindthekindoflimitationsonfreedomthatcanleadtothegreatestlevelofhappinesswithinsociety.(施瓦茨不認(rèn)為選擇的自由是無限的，而是主張心理學(xué)和行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的作用應(yīng)該是找到對自由的限制，從而在社會中獲得最大程度的幸福)”可知，施瓦茨建議人們限制自己的選擇。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Hobbiestotryin2024:releaseyourpassionDoyouwanttotryoutnewandexcitinghobbiesin2024?Weareheretoprovideyouwithavarietyofhobbiesthatwillinspireyourinterestandfreeyourcreativity.Releaseyourartisticsideandletyourimaginationsoarwithcreativehobbies.Forexample,paintingisagoodwaytoexpressemotionsandcreativity.Certainly,it’snottheonlyway____16____Itletsyouexplorevarioussubjects,fromlandscapestoportraitsandallowsyoutofreezemomentsinaflash.Socialhobbiesareworthexploringforthosewhoenjoymakingmeaningfulrelationships.Joiningabookcluballowsyoutodiscussliteraryworksandshareinsightwithfellowbookenthusiasts.Youcanalsomakeadifferenceinyourcommunitytoacauseyoucareabout.Volunteeringisn’tatimeconsumingtask____17____Ifyoulovetoembracetheunknown,adventuroushobbiesmightbeyourcalling.Experiencetheultimaterushasyoujumpoutofanairplaneandfreefallthroughthesky.____18____Besides,rockclimbingpushesyourlimitsandrewardsyouwithasenseofachievementwhenyoureachthesummit.____19____Forinstance,opendoorstonewculturesandbroadenyourhorizonsbylearninganewlanguage.Itnotonlyboostsyourcommunicationskillsbutalsofostersadeeperunderstandingofdifferentcustomsandtraditions.Oryoucanlearnaninstrumenttoenhancecognitiveabilitiesandbringjoythroughthepowerofmusic.Inconclusion,hobbiesareanessentialpartofourlives____20____So,goaheadandkickoffanexcitingjourneyofself-discovery!A.Youcanalsocapturetheworldthroughyourcameras.B.Skydivingprovidesanunparalleledsenseofgreatjoy.C.Languagelearningisahobbywhichcandefinitelybenefityou.D.Youcancreatebeautifulworksofartandfindcomfortintheprocess.E.Instead,itdoesothersafavorandprovidesasenseoffulfillmentaswell.F.Theyofferusanescapefromdailyroutineandachancetoexploreourpassions.G.Expandyourknowledgeandchallengeyourbrainswiththeeducationalhobbies.【答案】16.A17.E18.B19.G20.F【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些不同種類的愛好，并解釋了這些愛好如何豐富我們的生活、提高我們的技能和理解能力。【16題詳析】根據(jù)空前的“Forexample,paintingisagoodwaytoexpressemotionsandcreativity.Certainly,it’snottheonlyway.(例如，繪畫是表達(dá)情感和創(chuàng)造力的好方法。當(dāng)然，這不是唯一的方法。)”可知，空處應(yīng)該是介紹了另一種表達(dá)情感和創(chuàng)造力的好方法。選項(xiàng)A“Youcanalsocapturetheworldthroughyourcameras.(你也可以用相機(jī)捕捉世界。)”指的是可以用相機(jī)表達(dá)情感和創(chuàng)造力。同時(shí)與空后的“Itletsyouexplorevarioussubjects,fromlandscapestoportraitsandallowsyoutofreezemomentsinaflash.(它可以讓你探索各種主題，從風(fēng)景到肖像，并允許你在閃光燈中凍結(jié)瞬間。)”中的“inaflash”保持一致。故選A。17題詳析】根據(jù)空前的“Youcanalsomakeadifferenceinyourcommunitytoacauseyoucareabout.Volunteeringisn’tatimeconsumingtask(你也可以為你所關(guān)心的事業(yè)在你的社區(qū)中發(fā)揮作用。志愿服務(wù)不是一項(xiàng)耗時(shí)的任務(wù))”可知，空前指的是我們可以從事志愿者活動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)E“Instead,itdoesothersafavorandprovidesasenseoffulfillmentaswell.(相反，它幫了別人的忙，也提供了一種成就感。)”是上文內(nèi)容的自然延續(xù)，指的是志愿服務(wù)不是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，因?yàn)橹驹阜?wù)不僅可以幫助別人也給自己提供了成就感。故選E。【18題詳析】根據(jù)空前的“Experiencetheultimaterushasyoujumpoutofanairplaneandfreefallthroughthesky.(當(dāng)你從飛機(jī)上跳下來并在天空中自由落體時(shí)，體驗(yàn)終極沖刺。)”可知，空前指的是跳傘運(yùn)動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)B“Skydivingprovidesanunparalleledsenseofgreatjoy.(跳傘給人一種無與倫比的愉悅感。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指的是跳傘可以給人一種無與倫比的愉悅感。故選B?！?9題詳析】空處為段首句，為本段主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)空后的“Forinstance,opendoorstonewculturesandbroadenyourhorizonsbylearninganewlanguage.Itnotonlyboostsyourcommunicationskillsbutalsofostersadeeperunderstandingofdifferentcustomsandtraditions.Oryoucanlearnaninstrumenttoenhancecognitiveabilitiesandbringjoythroughthepowerofmusic.(例如，通過學(xué)習(xí)一門新的語言，打開通往新文化的大門，拓寬你的視野。這不僅能提高你的溝通技巧，還能加深你對不同習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)的理解?；蛘吣憧梢詫W(xué)習(xí)一種樂器來增強(qiáng)認(rèn)知能力，并通過音樂的力量帶來快樂。)”可知，本段主要是建議我們可以學(xué)習(xí)一門語言或者一種樂器來拓寬我們的視野，增強(qiáng)我們的能力。選項(xiàng)G“Expandyourknowledgeandchallengeyourbrainswiththeeducationalhobbies.(通過教育性愛好拓展你的知識并挑戰(zhàn)你的大腦。)”與本段內(nèi)容相符，故選G?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)空前“Inconclusion,hobbiesareanessentialpartofourlives(總之，愛好是我們生活中必不可少的一部分)”可知，空前講述的是愛好的重要性。選項(xiàng)F“Theyofferusanescapefromdailyroutineandachancetoexploreourpassions.(它們?yōu)槲覀兲峁┝艘粋€(gè)逃離日常生活的機(jī)會，讓我們有機(jī)會探索自己的激情。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，講述的仍然是愛好的好處。故選F。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Evenwhenyouhaveconfidenceinyourself,yourgoalswillsometimesseemoutofreach.Whenthathappens,getholdofthepeoplewho____21____youandyourgoalsanddon’tletgo!WhenIwasyounger,I____22____becauselifefeltsohard.Ihad____23____tobecomeateacherorabusinessadministrator.IknewIneededacollegedegree,butIhad____24____believinginmyself.Thenateacherinmyhighschool____25____me.Hetoldmethreethings:First,ifyoudon’tbelieveinyourself,itwillbe____26____togetanyoneelsetobelieveinyou.Second,neverletotherpeople’s____27____toseeyourbrilliancepreventyoufrombeingbrilliant.Andthird,despitelife’s____28____,sticktocreatingthefutureyouwant.Earlyinmy____29____,Iwasteachingaworkshopwhenapersonintheaudienceyelledouttome.HetoldmeIhad_____30_____madeajobchoiceandhadabrightfuture.This_____31_____feedback(反饋)cameatjusttherighttime,becausewhiletheaudiencedidn’tknowit,Iwas_____32_____self-doubt.Evennow,I_____33_____myselfthatIhaveabrightfuture.That’swhatItellmyselfwhenI_____34_____successandfailure.Youhaveabrightfutureahead.Thinkaboutthiseverysingleday.Rememberyourtalents,skills,andinterests.Explorethejobsthatinterestyou,andhavecourage—andmost_____35_____,believeinyourself.21.A.referto B.dependon C.learnfrom D.believein22.A.quit B.struggled C.regretted D.argued23.A.responsibilities B.dreams C.opportunities D.doubts24.A.stopped B.admitted C.allowed D.considered25.A.tracked B.recommended C.accompanied D.encouraged26.A.serious B.possible C.hard D.necessary27.A.request B.unwillingness C.inability D.attempt28.A.difficulties B.options C.aims D.standards29.A.career B.experiment C.business D.recovery30.A.foolishly B.simply C.wisely D.bravely31.A.original B.familiar C.typical D.positive32.A.lookinginto B.takingdown C.dealingwith D.pointingout33.A.introduce B.remind C.guarantee D.warn34.A.experience B.describe C.compare D.limit35.A.probably B.fortunately C.obviously D.importantly【答案】21.D22.B23.B24.A25.D26.C27.C28.A29.A30.C31.D32.C33.B34.A35.D【語篇解讀】本文是議論文。文章作者探討了在追求事業(yè)時(shí)，要相信自己?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時(shí)，抓住那些相信你和你的目標(biāo)的人，不要放手!A.referto指的是；B.dependon依靠；C.learnfrom從……學(xué)習(xí)；D.believein相信。根據(jù)前文“Evenwhenyouhaveconfidenceinyourself,yourgoalswillsometimesseemoutofreach.(即使你對自己有信心，你的目標(biāo)有時(shí)也會顯得遙不可及。)”和下文“Thenateacherinmyhighschool________me.”可知，即使相信自己，目標(biāo)也達(dá)不到，因此要求助他人，抓住那些相信你的人求助。故選D【22題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我小的時(shí)候，我因?yàn)樯罡杏X很困難而掙扎。A.quit退出；B.struggled掙扎；C.regretted遺憾；D.argued爭論。根據(jù)后文“becauselifefeltsohard”可知，生活艱難，因此作者掙扎。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我曾夢想成為一名教師和企業(yè)管理者。A.responsibilities責(zé)任；B.dreams夢想；C.opportunities機(jī)會；D.doubts懷疑。根據(jù)后文“tobecomeateacherorabusinessadministrator”可知，這是作者的夢想。故選B。【24題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析句意：我知道我需要一個(gè)大學(xué)學(xué)位，但我不再相信自己。A.stopped停止；B.admitted承認(rèn)；C.allowed允許；D.considered考慮。根據(jù)前文“Hetoldmethreethings:First,ifyoudon’tbelieveinyourself”可知，作者不再相信自己。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我高中的一個(gè)老師鼓勵(lì)我。A.tracked處理；B.recommended推薦；C.accompanied陪伴；D.encouraged鼓勵(lì)。根據(jù)后文“Hetoldmethreethings:First,ifyoudon’tbelieveinyourself”可知，這位老師鼓勵(lì)我。故選D?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：第一，如果你不相信自己，就很難讓別人相信你。A.serious嚴(yán)肅的；認(rèn)真的；B.possible可能的；C.hard困難的；D.necessary必要的。根據(jù)前文“ifyoudon’tbelieveinyourself”并結(jié)合常識可知，如果你不相信自己，也很難讓別人相信你。故選C?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：第二，永遠(yuǎn)不要讓別人看不到你的光彩阻止你光彩奪目。A.request請求；B.unwillingness勉強(qiáng)；C.inability無能；D.attempt嘗試。根據(jù)后文“preventyoufrombeingbrilliant”可知，不要因?yàn)閯e人看不到你的優(yōu)秀就阻止你優(yōu)秀。故選C?！?8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：第三，盡管生活困難，但要堅(jiān)持不懈地創(chuàng)造你想要的未來。A.difficulties困難；B.options選擇；C.aims目標(biāo)；D.standards標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)前文“becauselifefeltsohard”可知，此處說的是生活艱難。故選A。【29題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在我職業(yè)生涯的早期，我正在進(jìn)行一個(gè)研討會，當(dāng)時(shí)觀眾中有一個(gè)人對我大喊大叫。A.career事業(yè)；B.experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)；C.business事業(yè)；D.recovery恢復(fù)。根據(jù)后文“Iwasteachingaworkshopwhenapersonintheaudienceyelledouttome”可知，這是作者事業(yè)早期發(fā)生的事情。故選A?！?0題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他告訴我，我做了明智的職業(yè)選擇，有一個(gè)光明的未來。A.foolishly愚蠢地；B.simply簡單地；C.wisely明智地；D.bravely勇敢地。根據(jù)后文“hadabrightfuture”可知，作者有一個(gè)光明的未來，因此推斷做出了明智的職業(yè)選擇。故選C?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這種積極的反饋來得正是時(shí)候，因?yàn)?，雖然觀眾不知道，但我正在處理自我懷疑。A.original最初的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.typical典型的；D.positive積極的。根據(jù)前文“HetoldmeIhad________madeajobchoiceandhadabrightfuture.”可知，這是積極的職業(yè)反饋。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意同上。A.lookinginto調(diào)查；B.takingdown寫下；C.dealingwith處理；應(yīng)對；D.pointingout指出。根據(jù)前文“This________feedback(反饋)cameatjusttherighttime”可知，作者感覺這種積極的反饋正是時(shí)候，因?yàn)樽髡哒媾R自我懷疑。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：即使是現(xiàn)在，我