中考英語復習語法專項講練06現(xiàn)在完成時含解析

PAGE現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時知識精講知識精講一、現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果或表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。二、句子結構主語+has/have+done(過去分詞)三、基本用法用法示例表示過去發(fā)生的或已經完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.他已經獲得了一份獎學金。Ihaven’tseenmuchofhimrecently.我最近已經很久沒有看到他。表示動作或狀態(tài)在過去已經開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在也許還要持續(xù)下去，常和for,since連用。Peterhaswrittensixpapersforthreeyears.三年內彼得已經寫了六篇論文。Hehaslivedheresince2005.自從2005年以來，他一直住在這兒。四、時間狀語1.yet(常用于否定或疑問句中),already(常用于肯定句中)2.since+過去時間點/過去時的從句（譯為：自從……以來）3.for+時間段4.just,sofar,recently,never,ever,twice…5.inthepast/lastfewdays五、動詞過去分詞的規(guī)則變化情況變形示例一般情況加-edwork-workedvisit-visited以不發(fā)音字母e結尾加-dlive-lived輔音字母加y結尾把y變i，加-edstudy-studiedcry-cried重讀閉音節(jié)結尾雙寫尾字母，再加-edstop-stoppeddrop-dropped六、動詞過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化：原形過去式過去分詞AAA型bursthurtcuthitreadbursthurtcuthitreadbursthurtcuthitreadAAB型beatbeatbeatenABA型runcomerancameruncomeABB型bringbuycatchfeelfindkeepmaketeachtellthinkbroughtboughtcaughtfeltfoundkeptmadetaughttoldthoughtbroughtboughtcaughtfeltfoundkeptmadetaughttoldthoughtABC型beginbreakchoosedriveforgetgiveknowswimwritebeganbrokechosedroveforgotgaveknewswamwrotebegunbrokenchosendrivenforgottengivenknownswumwritten七、相關句式hashave主語第三人稱單數第一/二人稱單數/復數肯定式Hehasturnedthelightoff.Theyhavealreadyreadthisbook.否定式Hehasn’tturnedthelightoff.Theyhaven’treadthisbookyet.疑問式Hasheturnedthelightoff?Havetheyreadthisbookyet?簡略回答Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.Yes,theyhave./No,theyhaven’t.肯定句：主語+has/have+done+其它.否定句：主語+has/have+not+done+其它.一般疑問句：Has/Have+主語+done+其它? 答語：Yes,主語+has/have./No,主語+hasn’t/haven’t八、瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉換：在完成時中，一個瞬間動詞不能直接與表示一段時間的狀語(for,since等)連用。此時須將該瞬間動詞改為延續(xù)性動詞或狀態(tài)動詞：buy(bought)have

/

has

had

買

borrow

(borrowed)have

/

has

kept

借

die(died)have

/

has

been

dead

死

leave(left)have

/

has

been

away

(from)

離開

begin

(began)have

/

has

been

on

開始

join(joined)have

/

has

been

in

參加

go

(went)have

/

has

been

there

/

in

去

come/arrive/reach/get

tohave

/

has

been

here

/

in

來/達

end

(ended)have/has

been

over結束例：The

film

began

five

minutes

ago.

—The

film

has

been

on

for

five

minutes.

—It

has

been

five

minutes

since

the

film

began.

用“be＋形容詞”代終止性動詞

1.“be＋married”代替marry

2.“be＋ill”代替fall

(get)

ill

3.“be＋dead”代替die

4.“be＋asleep”代替fall

(get)

asleep

5.“be＋awake”代替wake/wake

up

6.“be＋gone”代替lose,die,sell,leave

7.“be＋open”代替open

8.“be

closed”代替close/shut用“be＋副詞”代終止性動詞

1.“be＋on”代替start,begin

2.“be＋up”代替get

up3.“be＋back(to)”代替return

to,come

back

to,go

back

to

4.“be

here

(there)”代替come(arrive,reach,get)

here或go

(arrive,reach,get)

there等等用“be＋介詞短語”代終止性動詞

1.“be

in/at

+地點”代替go

to

/come

to

2.“用be

in

the

army”

代替join

the

army

3.“be

in/at

+地點”代替move

to

三點剖析三點剖析一、考點：現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法和時間狀語；以及動詞過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。二、易錯點：hasgone(to);hasbeen(to);hasbeen(in)三者的區(qū)別。1.hasgoneto：表示某人已去了某地，（現(xiàn)未回來）（不可與for+一段時間連用）。例：—WhereisTom?湯姆在哪里？—HehasgonetoShanghai.他已經去了上海。2.hasbeento：表示去過某地，（現(xiàn)已回來）（不可與for+一段時間連用）。例：IhavebeentoNewYorkthreetimessofar.到目前為止，我已經去過紐約三次了。3.hasbeenin：表示一直呆在某地，常與時間段搭配。例：Ihavebeeninthearmyformorethan5years.我在部隊已經呆了五年多了。題模精選題模精選題模一：基本用法例1.1.1I_________already_________inthisschoolforthreeyears.A.was;studyingB.are;studyingC.will;studyD.have;studied例1.1.2I_________Englishsince2010.A.havelearntB.havelearnC.learntD.learn例1.1.3I_________mypencilyet.A.havefindB.haven’tfoundC.foundD.find例1.1.4Mr.Brownisn’tathome.He_________tohisoffice.A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.hasgoD.went題模二：動詞過去分詞變化規(guī)則例1.2.1用動詞的適當形式填空。1.She_________(live)inHubeifortwoyears.例1.2.2Youneedn’ttellhim.I_________(tell)himalready.例1.2.3We_________just_________(have)ourlunch.例1.2.4Peter_________(live)inhishometownsincehelefthere.例1.2.5They_________(notread)theinterestingbooksyet.題模三：句型轉換例1.3.1Ihavebeentherefortwoyears.否定句：___________________________________疑問句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________例1.3.2Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.否定句：___________________________________疑問句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________隨堂練習隨堂練習隨練1.1ZhaoLan_________already_________inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying隨練1.2We_________XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew隨練1.3Hisfather_________thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin隨練1.4—Ourcountry_________alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven_________.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better隨練1.5Hergrandfather_________fortwoyears.A.hasbeendeadB.hasdiedC.diedD.hasbeendied隨練1.6用動詞的適當形式填空。1.She’s_________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.2.Bothofthem_________(be)inHongKongfortendays.3.Halfanhour_________(pass)sincethetrain_________(leave).4.Marylostherpen._________you_________(see)ithereandthere?5._________you_________(find)yourwatchyet?6.Allofmyclassmatesarenotinclassroom.Maybethey_________(go)tothelibrary.隨練1.7MissGreenisn’tintheoffice.She_______tothelibraryA.wentB.wasC.hasgoneD.hasbeen隨練1.8句型轉換1.I

have

ever

been

to

India

and

Russia.否定句：___________________________________疑問句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________2.I’ve

worked

here

for

ten

years.否定句：___________________________________疑問句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________3.Mike

has

already

found

his

watch.否定句：___________________________________疑問句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________自我總結自我總結課后作業(yè)課后作業(yè)作業(yè)1—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade作業(yè)2TomandJack_________WestHillFarmalready.A.havegotB.havearrivedatC.havebeentoD.havereached作業(yè)3—Wherehaveyou_________,Kate?—I’ve_________tothebank.A.gone;goneB.been;beenC.gone;beenD.been;gone作業(yè)4Myparents_________Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen作業(yè)5Hurryup!Theplay_____fortenminutes.A.hadbegunB.hasbeenonC.began.作業(yè)6用動詞的適當形式填空。1.We_________already_________(return)thebook.2.Myfather_________(read)thisbooksinceyesterday.3.Jack_________(finish)hishomeworkalready.4.—Areyouthirsty?—No,I_________just_________(have)someorange.5.Myfather_________(read)thenoveltwice.6.—WhereisJim?—He_________(go)toEngland.作業(yè)7句型轉換1.Linda

has

gone

to

the

teacher’s

office.否定句：___________________________________疑問句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________2.I

have

already

seen

the

film.否定句：___________________________________疑問句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________3.She

has

watched

the

film

twice.否定句：___________________________________疑問句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________答案解析現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時題模精選題模精選題模一：基本用法例1.1.1【答案】D【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。already和for+時間段是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。再由句意“我已經在這個學校學習了三年了?！笨芍?，故選D。例1.1.2【答案】A【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。再由句意“自從2000年我就已經開始學英語了。”可知，故選A。例1.1.3【答案】B【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。yet是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語，常用于否定句或疑問句中。再由句意“我還沒有找到我的筆。”故選B。例1.1.4【答案】B【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。has/havebeento去過某地，現(xiàn)已回；has/havegoneto去了某地，現(xiàn)未回。再由句意“布朗先生不在家，他去辦公室來了?！笨芍蔬xB。題模二：動詞過去分詞變化規(guī)則例1.2.1【答案】haslived【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。for+時間段是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。live的過去分詞形式為lived。故填haslived。例1.2.2【答案】havetold【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。already是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。tell的過去分詞形式為told。故填havetold。例1.2.3【答案】have;had【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。just是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。have的過去分詞形式為had。故填have;had。例1.2.4【答案】haslived【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。live的過去分詞形式為lived。故填haslived。例1.2.5【答案】haven’tread【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。yet是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。read的過去分詞形式為read。故填haven’tread。題模三：句型轉換例1.3.1【答案】否定句：Ihaven’tbeentherefortwoyears.疑問句：Haveyoubeentherefortwoyears?肯定回答：Yes,Ihave.否定回答：No,Ihaven’t.【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉換。肯定句：主語+has/have+done+其它。否定句：主語+has/have+not+done+其它。疑問句：Has/Have+主語+done+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主語+has/have.否定回答：No,主語+hasn’t/haven’t.例1.3.2【答案】否定句：Myfatherhasn’tlivedheresince2000.疑問句：Hasyourfatherlivedheresince2000?肯定回答：Yes,hehas.否定回答：No,hehasn’t.【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉換?？隙ň洌褐髡Z+has/have+done+其它。否定句：主語+has/have+not+done+其它。疑問句：Has/Have+主語+done+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主語+was/were.否定回答：No,主語+hasn’t/haven’t.隨堂練習隨堂練習隨練1.1【答案】C【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。already和for+時間段是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選C。隨練1.2【答案】C【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選C。隨練1.3【答案】D【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選D。隨練1.4【答案】C【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。sofar是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選C。隨練1.5【答案】A【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。for+時間段是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選A。隨練1.6【答案】1.lived2.havebeen3.haspassed;left4.Have;seen5.Have;found6.havegone【解析】1.考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故填lived。2.考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。for+時間段是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故填havebeen。3.考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故填haspassed;left。4.考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。由句意可知瑪麗丟了自己的筆，此事對現(xiàn)在造成影響，以至于問別人有沒有看到。故填Have;seen。5.考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。yet是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故填Have;found。6.考查現(xiàn)在完成時動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則。由句意可知“同班同學已經去了圖書館”。故填havegone。隨練1.7【答案】C【解析】現(xiàn)在完成時。隨練1.8【答案】1.否定句：I

haven’t

ever

been

to

India

and

Russia.疑問句：HaveyoueverbeentoIndiaandRussia?肯定回答：Yes,Ihave.否定回答：No,Ihaven’t.2.否定句：Ihaven’t

worked

here

for

ten

years.疑問句：Haveyouworkedherefortenyears?肯定回答：Yes,Ihave.否定回答：No,Ihaven’t.3.否定句：Mike

hasn’t

found

his

watchyet.疑問句：HasMike

found

his

watchyet?肯定回答：Yes,hehas.否定回答：No,hehasn’t.【解析】1.考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉換?？隙ň洌褐髡Z+has/have+done+其它。否定句：主語+has/have+not+done+其它。疑問句：Has/Have+主語+done+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主語+has/have.否定回答：No,主語+hasn’t/haven’t.2.考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉換。肯定句：主語+has/have+done+其它。否定句：主語+has/have+not+done+其它。疑問句：Has/Have+主語+done+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主語+has/have.否定回答：No,主語+hasn’t/haven’t.3.考查現(xiàn)在完成時的句型轉換?？隙ň洌褐髡Z+has/have+done+其它。否定句：主語+has/have+not+done+其它。疑問句：Has/Have+主語+done+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主語+has/have.否定回答：No,主語+hasn’t/haven’t.作業(yè)1【答案】B【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選B。作業(yè)2【答案】D【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。already是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語。故選D。作業(yè)3【答案】B【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。has/havebeento去過某地現(xiàn)已回，再由句意可知，故選A。作業(yè)4【答案】A【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時。has/havebeenin待在某地，可以跟一段時間連用。再由句意可知，故選B。作業(yè)5【答案】C【解析】時態(tài)，根據fortenminutes可知表示動詞的持續(xù)，故選擇用持續(xù)性動詞beenon，選項C正確。作業(yè)6【答案】1.have;returned2.