寒假分層作業(yè)09 簡(jiǎn)單句（原卷版）-2024年八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)寒假培優(yōu)練

PAGEPAGE1限時(shí)練習(xí)：40min完成時(shí)間：月日天氣：作業(yè)09簡(jiǎn)單句英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下：①基本句型一：S＋Ｖi（主＋謂）②基本句型二：S＋Ｖt＋O（主＋謂＋賓）③基本句型三：S＋LinkＶ＋P（主＋謂＋表）④基本句型四：S＋Ｖt＋I(xiàn)O＋DO（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）⑤基本句型五：S＋Ｖt＋DO＋OC（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）【精講】(1)基本句型一：Ｓ＋Ｖ（主＋謂）→Ｓ＋Ｖi（主＋謂）此句型有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。Ｓ（主語(yǔ)）Ｖi（不及物動(dòng)詞）句意1Thegirlsaresinginginthemusicroom.那些女孩正在音樂教室唱歌。2Thesunrisesintheeast.太陽(yáng)在東方升起。3Thebusstopped.公共汽車停了。4Theytalkedforhalfanhour.他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí)?！锍Ｓ玫牟患拔飫?dòng)詞（vi.)：stop,dance,sing,look,listen,travel,arrive,run,swim,jump,rise,laugh,cry,fly,come,go,fall等?！揪v】(2)基本句型二:Ｓ＋Ｖ＋O（主＋謂＋賓）→Ｓ＋Ｖt＋DO（主＋謂＋賓）此句型的共同點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。Ｓ（主語(yǔ)）Ｖt（及物動(dòng)詞）O句意1Tomknowstheanswer.湯姆知道答案。2Heismakingacake。他正在做蛋糕。3Heenjoysreading.他喜歡看書。4Iwanttodrinktea.我想喝茶.5IthinkthatTomisright.我認(rèn)為湯姆是對(duì)的?！锾厥馇闆r：有的語(yǔ)法認(rèn)為：主語(yǔ)+不及物的動(dòng)詞+介詞+賓語(yǔ)可以構(gòu)成主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。因?yàn)椴患拔飫?dòng)詞+介詞，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞用法。如：（1）Ilistentoyou.(人稱代詞作賓語(yǔ)）（2）Helooksatadog.(名詞作賓語(yǔ)）【精講】(3)基本句型三：Ｓ＋Ｖ＋Ｐ（主＋謂＋表）→Ｓ＋LinkＶ＋Ｐ（主＋謂＋表）此句型有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：一類表示情況如be,look,sound,smell,taste,stay,feel,keep,seem等；另一類，表示變化如get,grow,become,turn,get等。be本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義。Ｓ（主語(yǔ)）LinkＶ（連系動(dòng)詞）P（表語(yǔ)）句意1Thisisabook.（名詞）這是一本書。2Thefishsmellsgood.（形容詞）這魚肉聞起來不錯(cuò)。3Sheseemsunhappy.（形容詞）她似乎不開心。4Autumnleavesturnbrown.（形容詞）秋天的樹葉變成棕褐色。5Mydreamistobeadoctor.（不定式）我的夢(mèng)想是當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生?！锉窘Y(jié)構(gòu)是由主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)組成。系動(dòng)詞有:（1）表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的：be,seem,feel,look,smell,taste,sound;（2）表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的：stay,keep（3）表示狀態(tài)變化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow【精講】(4)基本句型四:Ｓ＋Ｖt＋I(xiàn)O＋DO（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）此句型有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)的直接承受者（多指物），另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者（多指人）。Ｓ（主語(yǔ)）Ｖt（及物動(dòng)詞））IO（間接賓語(yǔ)，常為人）DO（直接賓語(yǔ)，常為物）1Motherismakingmeanewdress.2Heboughthissonanewbike.3Theyofferedusmuchhelp.4Iamshowinghimmyphotos.5Jacktellsusfunnystories.★當(dāng)這一間接承受者放在直接承受者之后時(shí)，要用一個(gè)介詞（for或to）來連接。可以用于這種句式動(dòng)詞主要有：(A)buy/build/catch/cut/choose/cook/find/get/keep/make/draw/do【用for】如：Heboughtmeanewbike.也可以改為forsb.的句式=Heboughtanewbikeforme.(B)give/take/send/bring/teach/show/tell/pay/write/read/sell/lend/pass/return/throw/offer/hand【用to】如：Shelentmeabook.也可以改為tosb.的句式=Shelentabooktome.(C)provide【用for,with】:providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.注意：當(dāng)兩賓語(yǔ)都為代詞時(shí)，必須用介詞把人放后面。Eg：Pleasegiveittome.【精講】(5)基本句型五:S＋Ｖ＋DO＋OC→S＋Ｖt＋DO＋OC（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)） 此句型的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整，補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)說明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或情況或動(dòng)作由賓語(yǔ)去執(zhí)行，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)能是：形容詞、名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)等。Ｓ（主語(yǔ)）Ｖt（及物動(dòng)詞））DO（直接賓語(yǔ)）OC(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）1IfindEnglisheasy.(形容詞)2Tomoftenmakesushappy.(形容詞)3IthinkKateaclevergirl.(名詞短語(yǔ))3Tomoftenmakesuslaugh.(不定式)4Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.(不定式)5WecallherXiaoLi.(名詞)8Isawthemdancing.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ))★可以用于這種句式的動(dòng)詞主要有:(A)let/have/makesb.dosth.(B)ask/want/tell/allow/wish/get/expect/encourage/invite/teachsb.todosth.(C)find/see/hear/watch/notice/feelsb.dosth./sb.doingsth.(D)helpsb.(to)dosth(E)find/keep/think/make/leave/wish+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)(作賓補(bǔ))一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Whatisthecorrectsentencestructureof“Johnplaysfootballeveryday”?A．S+V+IO+DO B．S+V+DO+OC C．S+V+O D．S+V+P2．DuFushowedhiscaretofarmersinhispoemHappyRainonaSpringNight.句子結(jié)構(gòu)是________。A．主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ) B．主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ) C．主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)3．下列句子是“主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)的是________。A．Ilikeplayingtennis.B．Youcanaskhimtohelpyou.C．Thecomputerisonthedesk.4．Couldyoutellushowtokeephealthy?該句句子結(jié)構(gòu)是。A．主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)B．主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)C．主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)5．Thesentencestructure(結(jié)構(gòu))of“Teachersoftenaskustoreadmore.”is________.A．S+V+DO B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC6．“Thosesweetmemoriesofsummerdaysareaboutquietstreamsandtreesandshade.”Thissentencestructureis________.A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC7．“TheythinkJohnthebeststudent.”Thesentencestructureis________.A．S+VB．S+V+PC．S+V+IO+DOD．S+V+DO+OC8．There________acartoonfestivalinShanghainextSaturday.A．isgoingtohave B．willhave C．have D．isgoingtobe9．Thesentencestructureof“Mikeboughtmeatoy.”is________.A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P10．—Shallwegotothemuseumnow?—It’s5:30p.m.now.I’mafraidthemuseum______after5:30p.m.everyday.A．opens B．isopen C．closes D．isclosed11．Thestructureofthesentence“Allofusshouldmakeourcountystrongerandstronger.”is________.A．S+V+P B．S+V+DO C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+O+OC12．Thesentencestructureof“EddieiswatchingHobowork.”is________.A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC13．Laughingcanmakepeoplewhoareupsetfeelalittlebetter.句子結(jié)構(gòu)是________。A．主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ) B．主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ) C．主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)14．“Mymotherboughtmeanicenotebook.”Thestructureofthesentenceis________.A．S+V+DO+OC B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+O D．S+V+P15．Theshoppingmall________at8a.m.andit________forfourteenhourseveryday.A．opens;opens B．isopen;isopen C．opens;isopen D．isopen;opens二、完型填空Oncethereweretwoneighborslivingnexttoeachother.Oneofthemwasaretired(退休的)teacherandtheotherwasanengineer.16ofthemplantedthesameplantsintheirgardens.Theretiredteacherwasgivingasmallamount(數(shù)量)ofwater17hisplantsandhedidn’talwaysgiveafullattentiontothem.18theotherneighborwasinterestedintechnology(科技):gavealotofwatertohisplants.He19themtoowell.Oneday,astorm(暴風(fēng)雨)startedsuddenly20thenight.Thenextmorning,theengineerwas21toseethathisplantscameofffromtheroots(根).Buttheretiredteacher’splantswereverywell.Theengineerwenttotheretiredteacherandasked,“Webothgrewthe22plantstogether.Ilookedaftermyplants23thanyoudidforyours,andevengavethemmorewater.Still,myplantscameofffromtheroots,whileyoursdidn’t.Howisthat

24?”Theretiredteachersmiledandsaid,“Yougaveyourplantsmoreattentionandwater,butbecauseofthattheydidn’tneedtowork25forwater.Youmadeiteasyforthem.WhileIgavethemjustproper(恰當(dāng)?shù)?waterand26theirrootssearch(尋找)formore.Andtheirrootswentdeeperanddeeper,whichmadethem27.”Thisstoryisaboutparentingwherechildrenarelikeplants28everythingisgiventothem,theywillnotunderstandthehardworkittakestohavethosethings.Teachthem29towalk,butletthemgotheirownway.Sometimesit’sbesttoguidetheminsteadof(而不是)30them.16．A．None B．All C．Both D．Neither17．A．a(chǎn)t B．to C．in D．on18．A．But B．For C．Or D．So19．A．tookoff B．grewup C．lookedafter D．turnedon20．A．during B．between C．into D．from21．A．famous B．lucky C．glad D．surprised22．A．rich B．close C．different D．same23．A．worse B．better C．smaller D．less24．A．possible B．physical C．popular D．terrible25．A．itself B．yourself C．myself D．themselves26．A．let B．print C．travel D．solve27．A．quieter B．shyer C．funnier D．stronger28．A．And B．Though C．If D．Until29．A．why B．who C．what D．how30．A．discussing B．digging C．giving D．touching三、閱讀理解Havingahobbyisagreatwayforyoutofeelhappyandmeetnewpeople.Infact,therearelotsofhobbiesthataregoodforyou.Hobbiesaresimplyanythingyoudothat’sforfun.Youaren’tgettingpaidtodoit;it’ssomethingyouliketodowithyourfreetime.ForalotofpeoplethesedaysitseemsliketheironlyleisureactivitiesarewatchingtelevisionandstayingontheInternet.That’sapity,becausehobbies—fromrockclimbingtocollectingsomething—canhaverealbenefits.Hobbiesoftenprovidesomethingthatyoumightnotgetinyoureverydaylife.Theyallowyoutodosomethingthat’sjustforyou,andtheycanhelpyouforgetyourdailyproblemsandgiveyoualotofpleasure.Ifyoucanfindlike-mindedpeopleinyourarea,goingoutsidecanalsobeagreatwaytomeetnewpeopleandexperiencenewadventures.Ifyouareaddinganewthingintoyourlife,youhavetotaketimeandfocusawayfromsomethingelse.Thegoodnewsisthatmostofushavealotoftimewearenotusingwell,eitherbecausewearespendingalotoftimeonlineorwatchingTVorjustwastingtimewecouldbespendingonourhobbies.Ofcourseeveryoneisdifferentandyourpersonalitydoesplayaroleinwhatsortsofhobbiesyou’lllike.Maybeyoureallylikehangingoutwithfriends,soyouneedtotakeaclassorhaveaninterestthatyoucandowithagroup.Ifyoutravelalot,somethingthatyoucandoanywhereishelpful;ifyou’reahomebodyyoumightlovetobesurroundedbyacoolcollection.Thetruthisthatyoumaynothittheperfectactivityforyourightoutofthegate,butyoucanhavealotoffuntryingoutnewthingsandexploringwhat’soutthere.Dosomewebsearches,visitthelibrary;don’tbeafraidtotrynewthings,andsoonyou’llhaveahobbythatprovidesyouwithalotoffunandstressrelief,too.31．Whichofthefollowinghobbiesisgoodforyouaccordingtothewriter?A．Watchingtelevision. B．StayingontheInternet.C．Rockclimbing. D．Goingoutalot.32．Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsus______.A．whyhobbiesareimportantB．whathobbiesactuallyareC．hobbieshelpyouforgetproblemsD．hobbieshelpyouexperiencenewadventures33．Ifyoulikestayingathome,asahobbyyouhadbetter______.A．spendalotoftimeonlineB．watchalotofTVC．takeaclassorjoininagroupD．collectsomethingyoulike34．Themeaningoftheunderlinedword“hit”inthelastparagraphissimilarto______.A．pickup B．runinto C．findout D．turnto35．Inthepassagethewritermainlysuggeststhatwe