第6講 閱讀定主旨猜詞義-2023年江蘇省中考英語(yǔ)考前必看必練10講

第6講閱讀定主旨猜詞義-2023年江蘇省中考英語(yǔ)考前必看必練10講主旨大意題一般主旨大意題可以分為兩類：1．確定文章的標(biāo)題和主題(titleortopic)標(biāo)題位于文章之首，用來(lái)高度概括文章內(nèi)容，點(diǎn)明文章主題。它可以是單詞，短語(yǔ)，也可以是句子。要確定文章標(biāo)題，首先，要在閱讀原文的基礎(chǔ)上，考慮標(biāo)題是否與主題密切相關(guān)；其次，看標(biāo)題是否能概括全文內(nèi)容。不能只概括短文中的某些事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)；然后，要注意標(biāo)題范圍不應(yīng)太大或太??；最后，標(biāo)題應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)練并能吸引讀者。即:1、獨(dú)特新穎

2、概括性強(qiáng)3、短小精煉。C（2019揚(yáng)州中考）Myfatherwasacemetery（公墓）keeper.WhenIwasachild，heoftentookmethere.Beforewelefteachtime，hewouldlaysomestonesonsomegraves（墳?zāi)梗?Ineveraskedwhy.Ijustthoughtthatwashiswork.Yesterday,Ivisitedmysickfather.Heaskedmetogotothecemeteryandlaysomestones.Forsomereason,ithadtobedonethatday.Iagreed.Ihadn'tbeenthereforalongtime.WhenIgotthere,IfoundawomaninfrontofoneofthegravesIwouldlayastoneon.AsIbenttolayit,Iheardherwhisper“Thankyou”.ItwasthenthatInoticedthedateofdeathonthegravewasthatsameday.Thegravewasthatofachild,onlyfivewhenhediedfifteenyearsago."He'smyson,"shesaid."But,where’syourfather?Hewasalwaystheonetoleavethestone.”Itoldherthatmyfatherwasillbutheaskedmetodothis.Itseemedimportanttohim.“Yourfather’skindnessmeansmoretomethananythingelse.Whenmychilddied,Icameoftentoseehim.Itisourcustomtoleaveastone.Ittellstheonewhoisherethatheisthoughtof.But,thenwemovedawayfromhere.somanypainfulmemories.Iwassoafraidthathewouldbealone.Butyourfathermarkedthegraveeverytimehecame.EachtimeIreturnedhere,Isawthatstoneanditalwayscomfortedme.Yourfatheristhekindofmanwhowouldeasethepainofamother’sheartthoughwearestrangers.Justtellhimyousawmetoday,won’tyou?”Shesaid.Ittookmeaminutetofindmyvoice.Thatsmallstonemarkedthegraveofachildandtheheartofhismother.41.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.AStrangeCustomB.OneSmallStone,UnforgottenC.ACemeteryKeeperD.PainfulMemories,Unforgotten【答案】B【解析】文章標(biāo)題題。文章首尾兩段都提到了stone這個(gè)事物，以及中間內(nèi)容部分可知是圍繞它展開來(lái)寫的文章，所以答案選B。DThroughoutitslonghistory,writinghasbeenabigdealinChina.Sincetheearliestdynasties,theskillsofreadingandwritinghavebeenhighlyrespected.Infact,theyformanimportantpartoftheChineseartworld.Calligraphy（書法）,theartofwritingwithabrush,isalmostasoldaswritingitself.Andthoughthisartformdatesbackthousandsofyears,itisstillverypopulartoday.________TheanswermostlikelylieswaybackintheShangDynasty（about1600-1046BC）.That’swhencharacterswerefirstusedinreligious（宗教的）events.Thispracticeshowedaspiritualpartwhichgavewritingpowerintheeyesofcommonpeople.CalligraphyspreadduringtheHanDynasty,whenthe,necessarytoolsandmaterialsweremoreeasilygot.Firsttherewasthebrush,madefrombambooandanimalhair.Earlyinkwasmadebyburningpinewood（松木）andmixingitwithwater.EarlyformsofpaperwereinventedaroundAD105.Finally,therewasinkstone,asmoothpieceofstoneusedformixingink.Together,thesetoolswereknownasthe“fourtreasuresofstudy”inancientChina.CalligraphyhasbeenpopularinChinaforthousandsofyears.Somesaythatit’sanevenhigherartformthanpainting.Thoughforeignersmaynotalwaysgetit,there’ssomethingtrulyspecialaboutcalligraphy.Everywrittencharacterhasastrictstroke（筆劃）order.Whenviewingtheresults,youcanexperienceeverystrokeoftheartist’sbrush.Thisallowsforacloseconnectionbetweenartistsandviewers.Calligraphyissomethingthat’sbestexperiencedbydoing.Luckily,thisancientartisstillwidelypracticedtoday.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?Getoutthereandfindyourselfateacher!32.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheFourTreasuresofStudy B.TheAncientArtoftheBrushC.AFamousChineseDynasty D.AnAncientToolforWriting【答案】32.D【解析】最佳標(biāo)題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了古代的書寫工具，所以最適合本文的標(biāo)題是“AnAncientToolforWriting”，故選D。DOn3June2017,AlexHonnolddidsomethingthatmanypeoplethoughtwasimpossible.Heclimbedmorethan900metresuparockfaceinYosemiteNationalPark,intheUS,usingonlyhishandsandfeet.Hehadnoropesorsafetyprotectionsfortheclimb,whichtookthreehoursand56minutes.Honnold’sropelessclimbinguptherockfaceknownasEICapitanwasrecord﹣breaking.OneofHonnold’sfriendsandalsoaclimber,TommyCaldwell,describedtheachievementas“theMoon.dingofropelessclimbing”.“Itwasgreat.It’scoolwhenyou’reupthere,“HonnoldtoldTheWeekJunior.”Yosemiteisoneof：mostbeautifulplacesonEarth.”Yosemiteiswherethebestclimberstakeonsomeoftheworld’smostdifficultclimbs.ButforHonnold,whois33yearsold,itisaveryspecialplace.HegrewupinSacramento,nearYosemite,andusedtogocampingthereasachild.Whenhewasaround10yearsold,Honnoldstartedclimbingatanfloorgym（體育館）.Helovedclimbinguptreesandplayingonthemonkeybars,althoughhewasn’ttrygoodateither.Inhislateteens,hebeganbreakingspeedclimbingrecords.Thenin2015,hedecideditwastimetotrytheworld﹣famousEICapitan.“Ispenttwoyearsrememberingeveryhandandfootplacement,“hesays.“Icouldtellyourightnowallthemoves.”Formanypeople,itmightseemtooriskytoclimbwithoutropes,butnotHonnold.“Ifyoufalloff,youwilldie.Butthechancesofyoufallingoffdependonhowpreparedyouare.”Honnold’simpressiveachievementcanbeseeninthenewaward﹣winningdocumentary,FreeSolo,whichisontheNationalGeographicchannel（9pm,Sunday3March）.32.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Tryropelessclimbing B.OntopoftheworldC.Thegreatestworldrecord D.Anewrockclimber【答案】32.B【解析】最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文,根據(jù)“Heclimbedmorethan900metresuparockfaceinYosemiteNationalPark,intheUS,usingonlyhishandsandfeet.”可知，文章主要介紹了勇敢的AlexHonnold徒手攀爬美國(guó)約塞米蒂國(guó)家公園的一塊900多米高的巖石的故事。因此最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)為“在世界之巔”。故選B。DBassaniolookedatthethreeboxes,buthedidnotreadthewritingonthem.Helookedatthegoldandsilver.“Theworldistrickedbyappearances,”hesaid.“Peopleoftenhideordinarythingswithbeautifulgold,silver,andjewels.Peoplealwaysagreewiththosewhospeakwell,eveniftheysayfoolishthings.Manypeoplewhoseembravearereallycowards.Howoftendowebelieveinleaderswhoturnouttobebad?IrememberthestoryofMidas,themanwholovedgoldtoomuch.Hewantedeverythingtobegold.Hewishedthathecouldmakeeverythinggoldjustbytouchingit.Whenhecould,itwasadisaster.Hecouldnoteathisgoldenfood,andhewasafraidtotouchhisdaughter.No,Idonotwantthesebeautifulboxesofgoldandsilver.Iwillchoosetheleadboxwithitsordinarycolor.Itspeaksmoretomethanallthegoldandsilverintheworld.Pleasegivemethekeytotheleadbox.Lethappinessbemine.Oneoftheservantsgavehimthekey,andhewenttotheboxandopenedit.Portiawasverypleased.Shecouldnotbelieveit,untilBassanioopenedtheboxandsawthepictureofPortiainsideit.Whenhesawthepicture,helovedherevenmorebecausethepicturewasverybeautiful.Hewonderedhowanyonecouldpaintsuchagoodpictureofher.ItwasalmostasbeautifulasPortiaherself.Helookedatallthepartsofthepicture.Helookedattheeyesandthehairandthemouth.Allofthemwereperfect.ButPortiaherselfevenmorebeautifulthanherpicture.Thewritinginsidetheboxtoldhimthathehadchosentherightbox.ItsaidthatheshouldgotoPortiaandlookintohereyes.Shewouldbehiswife.Bassaniocouldnotbelieveit.“Isitreallytrue?”heasked.“Willyoureallybemywife?Iamafraidtobelieveituntilyousayso.”45.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Bassanioandtheleadbox B.PortiaandherpictureC.Thethingsintheboxes D.Tricksbyappearances【答案】45.A【解析】最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)“Bassaniolookedatthethreeboxes,buthedidnotreadthewritingonthem.Helookedatthegoldandsilver.”以及下文的介紹可知，介紹了Bassanio

選擇盒子，他選擇了鉛盒子，事實(shí)證明他選對(duì)了，他可以和Portia

結(jié)婚，并成為皇宮的統(tǒng)治者。因此最好的題目是：Bassanioandtheleadbox.符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。DEverynowandthenyoumayseenewsofsatellites(衛(wèi)星)sentintospace.OnFeb21,forexample,UScompanySpaceXtook46satellitesintoorbit(軌道).OnFeb27,Chinasent22satellitesintospace.Whydoweneedsomanysatellites?Whatdotheydooutthere?Atpresent,therearemorethan3,000activesatellitesmovingaroundtheEarth.Satellitesdoallkindsofwork.TheyareusedtosendTVsignals,giveyoudirectionsontheroadandhelpscientistsdoresearch.Forexample,the22satellitesChinajustsentuparepartoftheBeidouNavigation(導(dǎo)航)SatelliteSystem.SharedbikesthatuseBeiDouchips(芯片)canbefoundmoreeasily.Beforesatellites,TVsignalsdidn’tgoveryfar.Mountainsortallbuildingswouldblock(阻礙)them.Phonecallstofarawayplaceswerealsoabigproblem.Withsatellites,TVsignalsandphonecallscanbesentdirectlytoasatelliteandbackdowntodifferentplacesonEarth.SpaceX’sStarlinkprojectistryingtogofurther.ItplanstousesatellitestoprovideInternetinthefuture.Satellitescanalsoprovideinformationaboutclouds,oceans,landandice.Theyhelpscientistspredictchangesinweatherandclimate.Bycloselywatchingwildfiresandvolcanoes,satelliteshelppeopledealwithnaturaldisasters.Farmerscanusesatelliteimagestodecidethebesttimetowatertheirfields.Somesatellitesflynearotherplanets.TheymaylookforwateronMarsortakeclose-uppicturesofotherplanets.In2020,videowebsiteBilibilisentasatelliteintospace.ItsjobistolookatotherplanetsandsharethepicturesandvideoswithBilibili’susers.Likeanyothermachines,satellitesdonotlastforever.Whentheydie,theyeitherburnuporbecomespacejunk.Somedaywemayneedtosend“garbagetrucks”tocleanthemup.32.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.SatellitesGuidingtheWay B.SpaceX’sStarlinkC.ChineseSpaceDevelopment D.Sky-highTechnology【答案】32.A【解析】最佳標(biāo)題題。本文主要介紹了衛(wèi)星在我們生活中的作用，故選A。BJumperswithChinesecharacters,coatscoveredintigerstripesandshoeswithtraditionalflowerpatterns—thesedays,it’seasytofindpeoplewearinghomegrownsportswearonChinesestreets.China’ssportswearbrands,likeANTASports,Li-NingandXTEP,havereportedbiggrowthinrecentyears,saidXinhua.Forexample,onMarch22,ANTASportssaiditstotalrevenue(收入)in2021hit49.3billionyuan,a38.9percentyear-on-yearincrease.XTEP’stotalrevenuedoubledfrom2017,upto10billionyuanforthefirsttimein2021.Thesharpgrowthinhomegrownsportswearpartlyresultsfromatrendcalled“guochao”,or“Chinachic”.IthasdrivenneedforlocalbrandsandproductswithtraditionalChinesedesigns.ItsmainfollowersareGenerationZers,astheybegintoturnfrominternationalbrandstolocallyproducedones,notedCGTN.“NowANTAhasgooddesignabilities.Theyareascomfortableandgoodasotherforeignbrandsthatcharge(要價(jià))moremoney.SowhynotANTA?”a24-year-oldgraduatesurnamedLiufromBeijing,toldGlobalTimes.TheBeijingWinterOlympicsthisyearalsopushedforthegrowingsportswearmarket.ANTA,forinstance,wastheofficialsportswearprovideroftheBeijing2022WinterOlympics.ItuseditssmarttechnologytosupportChina’s12teamsineventsincludingshorttrackspeed-skatingandcurling.AttheBeijing2022Games,morelocalbrandsandproductsgotglobalattention.Forexample,Peakhadthesecond-mostdelegations(代表團(tuán))wearingitsproductsattheBeijingWinterOlympics.DelegationsfromsevencountriesincludingIceland,Ukraine,BelgiumandRomaniaworePeak,reportedthePaper.36.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Anewstyleoffashion B.BrandsontheriseC.ThebestpartofBeijingWinterOlympics D.Sportsfashionaroundtheworld【答案】36.B【解析】最佳標(biāo)題題。本文介紹中國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)品牌的崛起，選項(xiàng)B“品牌崛起”符合主題，故選B。2.主題句（topicsentence）及主旨大意(mainidea)的概括一篇文章一般表達(dá)一個(gè)中心內(nèi)容或主題。這個(gè)中心內(nèi)容或主題通常用一個(gè)句子來(lái)概括。此句叫做主題句。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，說(shuō)明文和議論文都有主題句，而且多位于文章的開頭，有時(shí)也位于文章的中間或末尾。但有時(shí)不能在文中直接找到主題句，要求讀者把握每段的主題句，弄清段于段之間邏輯關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上自己歸納總結(jié)。主題句必須能簡(jiǎn)潔明了地概括全文的主要內(nèi)容，具有高度的綜合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是對(duì)主題句的進(jìn)一步解釋,說(shuō)明,論證或擴(kuò)展.C（2019常州中考）Nowadays,itneverseemswehaveenoughtimetorealizeallofthereadinggoals(目標(biāo))thatwesetforourselves.Luckily,wehavemobileappssuchasLatteReadandGetAbstracttoprovideabstracts(梗概)ofatext.Abstractsareusefultools,especiallyforstudents,butlikehavingafrienddescribethemaincontentofastorytoyou,youcannotexperiencethejoyandexcitementofreadingtheoriginal(原來(lái)的)textofyourself.IrecentlyfinishedreadingathickbookofW.SomersetMaugham'scollectedshortstories.Ittookmearoundtenyearstogetthrough.ThomasMann'sdifficultTheMagicMountaintookmeaboutsixmonthstoread;AynRand'sAtlasShruggedmademeveryboredmostofthetime.Readingabook,whetheritisgoodorbad,isaformative(建設(shè)性的)experience.ThereareplentyofbookswhichIprobablyshouldn'thavetakenthetimetoread.Butthechallengeoflivingforatimeinthethoughtsandexperiencesofadifferenthistoryorcharactermakeseventheworstbookavaluableeffort.WheneverIfinishthelastlineofabookandslowlycloseit,Iliketositthereandthinkoveritslineswithamixofnostalgia(懷舊之情)andpride.Ithentakethebookinhandandfindaplaceforitonmybookshelf.WhenIstepbackandlookatthebooksonmyshelf,itisasifIamlookingatthehistoryofthedifferentlivesthatIhavelived.Abstractsareusefulasatooltoanend,butreadingtheactual(真正的)bookissomethingmuchricher.Reading,likeanythingelseinlife,ismuchmoreaboutthejourneythaniteverwasthedestination(目的地).29.Whatdoesthewritermainlywanttosay?A.Readingabstractsisabestshortwaytoenjoyliterature.B.Readingabstractscannotbringyouthetruefeelingofactualreading.C.Readingdifferentkindsofbooksbringsyoumanyadvantages.D.Thejourneyandthedestinationareequallyimportantinourreading.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的最后一句話可知它的主題是“在我們的閱讀中旅行的過(guò)程和目的地一樣的重要。”，所以答案選D。DPeoplethinkthatsmartphonesandlaptopsareevidenceofprogress.Acertainnumberofonlinesearching,forexample,canbegoodforyourbrain,andthereareappsthatcandevelopyourbrain.Yettechimprovementsalsocomewithsomeunexpectedresults.Studieshaveshownthatblue-enrichedlightfromelectronicthingslikesmartphonescandisturb(干擾)thebody’sinternalclockandmakesitimpossibleforyoutosticktoapropersleeptimetable.Losingsleephasbadinfluenceonyourbrain,suchasbadmoodsandproblemswithmemory.Technologymakesitmucheasiertogetabsent-minded,forexample,youstepawayfromanimportantprojecttocheckyoursmartphone.Teensaremoreabsent-mindedthanever.Arecentsurveyof2,400teachersfoundthatmosteducatorsfeelstudentsaremoreabsent-mindedthanoldgenerations(一代).Some64percentagreedwiththeideathattoday’sdigitaltechnologiesdomoretodrawawaystudents’attentionthantohelpthemwithstudy.Andtechnologymakespeoplemuchmoreforgetfulthantheyusedtobe.Infact,thenewgenerationaremorelikelytoforgetwhatdayitisorwheretheyputtheirkeysthanpeopleovertheageof55,accordingtoaTrendingMachinesurvey.JoPatricia,adoctor,saidtechnologywastoblame.“Thisisapopulationthathasgrownupusingtechnology,oftensufferingfromsleeplessness,whichresultsinhighlevelsofforgetfulness,”shesaid.PeoplewhodependonGPStogetaroundhavelessactivityinthehippocampus(海馬體),anareaofthebraininbothmemoryanddirection.AstudyfromtheUniversityofLondonevenfoundthattaxidrivershadamoredevelopedhippocampusthannon-taxidrivers—becausetheyaresousedtousingspatial(空間的)memory,ratherthandependingonGPS.Nowthatyou’reprobablyafraidoftheinfluenceoftechnology,letusremindyouthatyoudohavethepowertopreventit.Justlogoffeveryonceinawhile!37.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Surveyscarriedoutinschool.B.Appsusedtodevelopmemory.C.Progressmadeinelectronicproducts.D.Harmfulinfluencebroughtbydigitaltechnology.【答案】37.D【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Yettechimprovementsalsocomewithsomeunexpectedresults.”以及“Nowthatyou’reprobablyafraidoftheinfluenceoftechnology,letusremindyouthatyoudohavethepowertopreventit.Justlogoffeveryonceinawhile!”和全文內(nèi)容可知本文主要講述了數(shù)字技術(shù)帶來(lái)的有害影響。故選D。猜測(cè)詞義題在中考閱讀題中，考生遇到的最大障礙往往有兩個(gè)：一是被已認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞的某一熟知含義所誤導(dǎo)；二是被完全不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞的意思所阻礙，從而出現(xiàn)理解偏差或理解困難，影響閱讀的速度。其實(shí)解決這兩個(gè)困難的一個(gè)重要法寶是考生在心目中樹立起上下文觀念，要學(xué)會(huì)"順藤摸瓜"，通過(guò)構(gòu)詞，語(yǔ)法，定義，同位，對(duì)比，因果，常識(shí)，上下文等線索確定詞義。猜測(cè)詞義的五種方法：a.定義法However,babyanimalslookboth“cuter”andmore“pleasant”thanadultanimals.Whatwouldhappenifthetestdifferencecamefromtheirbeing“pleasant”?Tofindtheanswer,theresearcherschosesomefoodpictureswhichlookedpleasantbutnotcute,andgavethemtoanothergroupofstudents.Butseeingthefoodsdidnotmakethestudentsperformanybetterinthenumbertest.Thisfindingsuggeststhatseeingcutepicturesmakesstudentsbehavemoredeliberately,thatistosay,theyperformtaskswithgreatertimeandcare.31.Theunderlinedword“deliberately”hastheclosestmeaningto“________”.A.happily B.carefully C.actively D.correctly【答案】31.B【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Thisfindingsuggeststhatseeingcutepicturesmakesstudentsbehavemoredeliberately,thatistosay,theyperformtaskswithgreatertimeandcare.”可知，他們會(huì)花更多的時(shí)間和精力來(lái)完成任務(wù)，可推知上一句含義是“看到可愛(ài)的圖片會(huì)讓學(xué)生表現(xiàn)得更小心翼翼”，因此“deliberately”意為“carefully”，故選B。Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle...thatis,itwillbreakeasily.從后面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。b.同位法Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.同位語(yǔ)部分alargebuildinginoldtimes給出了castle的確切詞義，即“城堡”。c.對(duì)比法Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一節(jié)上了一半才來(lái)”，因此反向推理，可得出她平時(shí)一向“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”的結(jié)論。d.構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等)Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.possibility是possible的同根名詞，據(jù)此可以斷定possibility意思是“可能性”。e.因果法“Whatalsoshockedusishowcruel(殘忍的)someyoungoffenderscanbe,”saidShiWeizhong.InschoolviolencecasesinBeijingduringthelastfiveyears,14percentoftheoffendersnotonlybeatothers,butalsoinsulted(侮辱)them.Theyslappedothers,madethemkneeldown(下跪),andinsomecasestookoffotherpeople’sclothes.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shocked”meaninParagraph5?A.excited B.interested C.pleased D.surprised【答案】34.D【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)howcruel(殘忍的)someyoungoffenderscanbe可知有些青少年罪犯非常殘忍，因此對(duì)于他們的殘忍，人們應(yīng)感到震驚，故選D。Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.從后面的結(jié)果“永遠(yuǎn)不能再運(yùn)動(dòng)”中，可以推測(cè)permanent的意思為“永遠(yuǎn)的，永久的”?！癢hat?”heaskedatlast,inafaintvoice,hardlytobeheard.“Please,sir,”repliedOliver,“Iwantsomemore.”27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“faint”mean?A.Loud. B.High. C.Calm. D.Weak.【答案】27.D【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“hardlytobeheard”可知，說(shuō)的很小心幾乎聽不見(jiàn)，所以faint與weak同義，故選D。Wildbeavers(河貍)areback!Expertssaythatthewildbeaverfamiliesaredoingwell.Thebeaversareevenboostingwildlifeandtheenvironment!48.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“boosting”inparagraph1?A.building B.spreading C.helping D.creating【答案】48.C【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Expertssaythatthewildbeaverfamiliesaredoingwell.Thebeaversareevenboostingwildlifeandtheenvironment!”可知，河貍有助于野生動(dòng)物和環(huán)境，因此“boosting”意為“helping”。故選C。Mars’orbitismoreelliptical(橢圓的)thanEarth’s,sothedifferencebetweenperihelionandaphelion(遠(yuǎn)日點(diǎn))isgreater,Mars’orbithasbeengettingmoreandmoreelongated,carryingtheplanetevennearertotheSunatperihelionandevenfartherawayataphelion.SofutureperihelicoppositionswillbringEarthandMarsevencloser.Our2003recordwillstanduntilAugust28,2287!44.Inthesentence“...Mars’orbithasbeengettingmoreandmoreelongated...”,“elongated”means________.A.伸長(zhǎng)的 B.拉長(zhǎng) C.延長(zhǎng) D.被拉得.細(xì)長(zhǎng)的【答案】44.A【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“carryingtheplanetevennearertotheSunatperihelionandevenfartherawayataphelion”可知，近日點(diǎn)離太陽(yáng)更近，遠(yuǎn)日點(diǎn)離太陽(yáng)更遠(yuǎn)，因此火星的軌道變得越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)，猜測(cè)“elongated”意為“伸長(zhǎng)的”。故選A。Thismeansthenaturalgrowthrateofthepopulationwasjust0.34per1,000people.ItisthelowestsinceChina’sGreatFamine（饑荒）from1959to1961,whichkilledabout30millionpeopleandcausedapopulationdecline.22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decline”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Change. B.Fall. C.Rise. D.Level.【答案】22.B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“ItisthelowestsinceChina’sGreatFaminefrom1959to1961,whichkilledabout30millionpeopleandcausedapopulationdecline.”以及選項(xiàng)可知，此處decline意為“下降”，與“Fall”意義相同。故選B。【好題分享】C“HaveyoueverheardLouissaygoodmorningandgoodnighttous,astheothersdo?”“Sinceyoumentionit,Ineverhave,”saidthehusband.“Goodness!Whatareyougettingat?DoyouwishmetobelievethatIhaveasonwhoisdumbinanyway?Thiswouldworryme.Iwanteverythingtogowellinmyfamilylife.Fatherhoodishard.Idonotwanttheaddedstressofhavingadumbchild.”“Well,”saidthewife,“I’vebeenwatchingLouisrecently.Ithinkthelittleguycan’ttalk.I’veneverheardhimmakeonesound.Ithinkhecameintotheworldlacking(缺失)avoice.Ifhehadavoice,he’duseit,sameastheothersdo.”“Why,thisisterrible!”saidthehusband.“Thisispainful.Thisisaveryseriousmatter.”Hiswifelookedathim.“It’snottooseriousnow,”shesaid.“ButitwillbeserioustwoorthreeyearsfromnowwhenLouisfallsinlove,ashewillsurelydo.Ayoungmaleswanwillbegreatlyhandicappedinfindingamateifhecan’tsaytheusualsweetwordstotheyoungfemaleofhischoice.”Thehusbandstoodquietly,thinkingaboutwhathiswifehadjusttoldhim.Hewasabravebird,andalreadyhewasbeginningtoworkoutaplanforhislittlesonLouis.“Ifit’sreallytruethatLouishasnovoice,”saidthehusbandtohimself,“thenIshallprovidehimwithadevice(裝置)ofsomekind,toenablehimtomakealotofnoise.Theremustbesomewayoutofthisdifficulty.Afterall,mysonisTrumpeterSwan;heshouldhaveavoicelikeatrumpet(小號(hào)).ButfirstIwilltesthimtomakecertainthatwhathismothersaysistrue.”(TakenfromTheTrumpetoftheSwan)27.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“begreatlyhandicapped”inParagraph5mean?A.Havemuchtrouble. B.Havegreatfun.C.Bequiteuninterested. D.Beverysuccessful.28.Whatistheswancouple’stalkmainlyabout?A.ThedreamaboutLouis’sfuture. B.TheplanforLouis’seducation.C.TheproblemwithLouis’shealth. D.ThesuggestiononLouis’sgrowth.【答案】27.A28.C【解析】文章選自《吹小號(hào)的天鵝》，主要講了妻子發(fā)現(xiàn)Louis不能發(fā)聲后丈夫的反應(yīng)?！?7題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“ifhecan’tsaytheusualsweetwordstotheyoungfemaleofhischoice”可知無(wú)法對(duì)心儀的雌天鵝說(shuō)尋常的甜言蜜語(yǔ)，會(huì)很難找到配偶，begreatlyhandicapped意為“有很多麻煩”。故選A。【28題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)“HaveyoueverheardLouissaygoodmorningandgoodnighttous,astheothersdo?”可知文章由Louis不能發(fā)聲引出話題，天鵝夫婦主要在討論Louis的健康問(wèn)題。故選C。CTheNationalSpeedSkatingOval(theIceRibbon)saw12newOlympicrecordsandoneworldrecord,includingChinesespeedskaterGaoTingyu’sOlympicrecordof34.32secondsinthemen’s500meters.Knownas“thefastestice”,the12,000-square-meterrink(冰場(chǎng))hasreceivedverygoodfeedbackfromtheathletes.“Itmakeseveryoneskatefaster,”GaoTingyusaidafterhebaggedthegold.61.Theunderlined“it”inParagraph3refersto________.A.theicerink B.thegoldmedal C.therecord D.thefeedback【答案】61.A【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文中的句子“the12,000-square-meterrink(冰場(chǎng))hasreceivedverygoodfeedbackfromtheathletes.”可知，此處的it指代之前提到的溜冰場(chǎng)。故選A。DStickingtoavegan（堅(jiān)持素食的）dietmightsounddifficult,especiallysincemanypopulardisheshavemeatinthem.Yetinrecentyears,veganismhasbecomeoneofthefastest-growingtrends（趨勢(shì)）intheworld.AccordingtoHuffPost,morethan3millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesarevegans.IntheUK,about542,000peoplehavechosenveganismoverthepast10years.Whatisdrivingthisgrowthinveganism?Onereasonmightbethatpeoplewanttoprotecttheenvironment.Accordingtoa2013studybytheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization,globalmeatmanufacturing（加工）causesabout18percentoftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissions（排放）.Thisismorethanalltheworldscars,trainsandplanescombined.AccordingtoBBCNews,onereasonisthatmanyoftoday’syoungpeoplebelieveit’swrongtokillanimalsforfood.Formanypeople,veganismsimplymeanseatingnomeat,cheeseoreggs,butgoinganimal-freealsoapplies（應(yīng)用）tofashionandmanufacturing.Forexample,leatherisusedtomakeshoesandclothing.Everyyearmorethan1billionanimals,fromcowstohorsestosnakes,arekilledtomakeproductsfromtheirskins.Now,manybrandsarelookingforothermaterials.ThesportsbrandPuma,forexample,hasmadeshoesoutofpineappleleaves.Tesla,theUScarmaker,issaidtoberemoving（去除）animal-basedleatherfromitsseats.Earlierthisyear,USsingerLadyGagacreatedtheveganmakeupbrandHausLaboratories.Onthebrand’sInstagramaccount,itsays:“Cruelty-free（零殘忍）andvegan,becauseweloveanimalsandyou.”So,ifyou’reinterestedinprotectinganimalsandsavingtheenvironment,youmightwanttogiveveganismatry.68.“Cruelty-free”inParagraph5means________.A.noanimalsarekilled B.environmentallyfriendlyC.someanimalsareharmed D.wearefreetobecruel69.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tohelppeoplechooseahealthydiet.B.Toencouragepeopletoprotecttheenvironment.C.Tointroducethetrendofveganism.D.Toexplainanimalcruelty.【答案】68.A69.C【解析】本文講述堅(jiān)持素食這種增長(zhǎng)逐漸增快的趨勢(shì)，講述堅(jiān)持素食的成因。【68題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“vegan,becauseweloveanimals”堅(jiān)持素食，因?yàn)閻?ài)動(dòng)物，可知“Cruelty-free”表達(dá)“不捕殺動(dòng)物，沒(méi)有動(dòng)物被獵殺”。故選A?！?9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“veganismhasbecomeoneofthefastest-growingtrendsintheworld”可知，文章主要的目的是為了介紹堅(jiān)持素食這種趨勢(shì)。故選C。BIfyou’reluckyenoughtohavetodayofffromwork,themostimportantthingonyourto-dolististoactuallytakethedayoff.Takingtimetoletyourbrainrestreallymakesyoumorecreative,betteratproblem-solving,betteratcomingupwithcreativeideas.Huglaziness.Yes,yes,you’rebusy,I’mbusy,we’rebusyingourselvestobetiredout.Butifyouhavetodayoff,takeastandagainstallthisbusyness.Beingbusy—ifweevenarebusy—israrelythesignwe’vecometobelieveitis.Nonetheless,theinfluenceisreal,andexamplesofburnout,anxiety(焦慮),disordersandstress-relateddiseasesareontherise.Haveafamilymeal.Itcanbehardtogetthewholefamilytogetherforameal.Work,school,sportspracticesandotherdutiesallseem