長(zhǎng)難句分解1教學(xué)講義

長(zhǎng)難句分解（二）主講：孫雨辰微博：今天的孫老師也很機(jī)智修飾成分定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞、代詞或其他名詞性質(zhì)的詞。狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或整句話(huà)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)。補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)即表語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)叫賓補(bǔ)。同位語(yǔ)：兩種成分表達(dá)同種概念。插入語(yǔ)：對(duì)所表達(dá)的意思的補(bǔ)充，強(qiáng)調(diào)，解釋或說(shuō)話(huà)的態(tài)度，常用“，”或“——”與其他成分隔開(kāi)，語(yǔ)法不影響其他成分。informationtechnology信息技術(shù)informationcenter信息中心creditcard信用卡generationgap代溝beautycontest選美比賽peacetalks和平談判informationage信息時(shí)代serviceindustry服務(wù)性產(chǎn)業(yè)

waterscarcity水資源短缺survivalskills生存技能lifeinsurance人壽保險(xiǎn)safetystandard安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)sciencefiction科幻小說(shuō)receptiondesk前臺(tái)bodyguard保鏢heartattack心臟病departmentstore百貨商店stockmarket股市officebuilding辦公大樓weatherforecast天氣預(yù)報(bào)communicationskills交流技能knowledgeeconomy知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)v-ing若為單個(gè)詞，一般放被修飾詞前，相當(dāng)于形容詞。例如：alearningexperience若為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，則需要后置。例如：aboylearningEnglish

動(dòng)名詞：相當(dāng)于名詞，不可后置，一般修飾物，表用途。

e.g.asleepingbag一個(gè)睡袋

現(xiàn)在分詞：類(lèi)似形容詞，可后置，一般修飾人，表示主動(dòng)的、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。e.g.asleepingboy一個(gè)正在睡覺(jué)的男孩v-ed若為單個(gè)詞，可前置可后置，后置居多；若為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)則需要后置。一般修飾人，表示被動(dòng)的、已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。須后置的定語(yǔ)成分todo

Thereisnotimetolose.介詞短語(yǔ)（介詞+n./代詞）①典型代表：ofe.g.amanofgoodtemper②其他：in,under,with,about,during等

e.g.thetableintheroomthegirlunderthetreethewomanwithababyinherarmsafilmaboutflowers定語(yǔ)從句

長(zhǎng)難句中定語(yǔ)的位置Someofthesecausesarereasonableresultsofsocialneeds.Othersarereasonableconsequencesofparticularadvancesinsciencebeingself-accelerating.Creatinga"Europeanidentity"thatrespectsthedifferentcultureswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytask.Australia'sNorthernTerritorybecamethefirstlegalauthoritytoallowdoctorstotakethelivesofincurablyillpatientswhowishtodie.小結(jié)：找謂語(yǔ)，把句子分為三大模塊。（在沒(méi)有連詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)）在大模塊中找名詞，名詞后出現(xiàn)了一段內(nèi)容，且這些內(nèi)容符合作定語(yǔ)的幾大成分，通常暫定這是修飾該名詞的定語(yǔ)成分。若定語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)在謂語(yǔ)前，則一般定語(yǔ)從名詞開(kāi)始，到謂語(yǔ)結(jié)束。若定語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)在謂語(yǔ)后，則一般定語(yǔ)從名詞開(kāi)始，到句末結(jié)束，但有連詞時(shí)例外。每個(gè)小定語(yǔ)都應(yīng)該到下一個(gè)名詞后結(jié)束，但是要注意固定搭配。并列結(jié)構(gòu)：and/but/or（三大基本并列連詞）的前后連接對(duì)等的單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子：①連接相同詞性的詞Itbringtogethertelevision,radionewspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneother.②連接固定搭配Itdependsuponyourparentsanduponyourself.③連接兩個(gè)句子→并列句Problemsneverstopbutpeoplestopproblems.狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或整句話(huà)，按功能可分為：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、原因、結(jié)果、方式、條件、讓步、比較、伴隨、評(píng)注等11種。介詞短語(yǔ)：InBeijing,Iamnowworking.IamnowworkinginBeijing.IamnowinBeijingworking.副詞：Hecompletelysupportsme.Oneshouldhaveclearlydefinedgoals.Hestudiesveryhard.Clearly,one’sfateisinhis/herownhands.非謂語(yǔ)：1)v-ing/v-edLackingaclearworldoutlook,lifebecomesakindofburden.Followedbyhisstudents,theprofessorwalkedoutoftheroom.2)todo①表目的Toassociatewithfriends,oneshouldbehonestandopen.②表結(jié)果Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.Heisoldenoughtomakeatripalone.③表原因I’mgladtoseeyou.狀語(yǔ)從句/狀從省略結(jié)構(gòu)：Whenanopportunityisneglected,itnevercomesbacktoyou.Iwillnevergiveupaslongasthereisaghostofhope.Ifpossible,goafteryourdreamforever.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)主補(bǔ)=表語(yǔ)adj.賓補(bǔ)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)todo結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+adj./todo例句：Lovemakestheworldmorecolorfulforall.Motiveurges

onetomakeprogress.同位語(yǔ)名詞同位語(yǔ)從句例句：Nevergiveupyourdream,thesourceofhappiness.Sunny,mysister,isabeauty.Thefactthatyouhavetriedyourbestisinitselfabigvictory.插入語(yǔ)副詞:undoubtedly,indeed,surely,obviously,briefly,actually,furthermore,besides,additionally,similarly,exactly介詞短語(yǔ)：formypart,frommyperspective,inshort,onthecontrary,inotherwords,ina/somesense,ingeneral,inone'sopinion,inconclusion,inreality,asamatteroffact,tobesure,inaaddition,inreturn,asaconsequence/result不定式：tobefrank,totellyouthetruth,tobehonest,tobesure,tomakethematterworse插入語(yǔ)形容詞/形容詞短語(yǔ)：true,wonderful,excellent,strangetosay,mostimportantofall,sureenough現(xiàn)在分詞：honestlyspeaking,generallyspeaking,strictlyspeaking分句:Ibelieve,Isuppose,I'mafraid,what'smore,youknow,thatis(tosay),asfarasIknow,asfarasI'mconcerned,believeitornot句子的分類(lèi)簡(jiǎn)單句：主謂賓、主系表并列句：并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。復(fù)合句：簡(jiǎn)單句+從句（名從、形從、狀從）并列復(fù)合句：在并列句中出現(xiàn)了復(fù)合句。簡(jiǎn)單句①一主一謂Thegreatestriskinlifeistorisknothing.②多主一謂HeandIenjoysinging.③一主多謂Everyone

influencessomeoneandisinfluencedbysomeone.并列句：常用的并列連詞：and/but/or/so/for句子+連詞+句子Inafullheartthereisroomforeverythingandinanemptyheartthereisroomfornothing.復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句+從句Whetherhewillcomeremainstobeseen.