題型04 閱讀理解之記敘文（講義）

?第04講閱讀理解之記敘文【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1.熟練語篇類型和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)2.明確命題規(guī)律和提問方式3.掌握不同題型的解題方法【考情分析】閱讀理解記敘文命題規(guī)律人物故事類的閱讀理解是中考英語的?？疾牧现弧＿@類文章一般可分為人物傳記和短篇故事兩類。1、人物傳記主要涉及某人的生平事跡、趣聞軼事、生活背景、個(gè)性特征、成長和奮斗歷程等，其特點(diǎn)是以時(shí)間的先后或事件的發(fā)展為主線，脈絡(luò)清楚，可讀性較強(qiáng)。2、短篇故事與人物傳記不同的是，這類文章一般描述的是某一件具體事情的發(fā)生發(fā)展或結(jié)局，有人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和事件。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的態(tài)度及意圖、故事前因和后果的推測等方面著手，考查考生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力?！久麕熃怆y】中考閱讀理解體裁紛繁多樣，但每套試卷通常包含一到兩篇記敘文。記敘文是中考必考題型，在所有的閱讀體裁中，記敘文的難度相對(duì)是比較低的。如果掌握了閱讀的技巧，多多實(shí)踐，閱讀能力就有可能大大提高。要熟練掌握記敘文的閱讀技巧，了解記敘文的寫作特點(diǎn)與命題特點(diǎn)也是有必要的。1、記敘文寫作特點(diǎn)記敘文是一種記載和敘述事件由來，描繪事物和人物情景狀態(tài)、過程及發(fā)展的文體。消息、通訊、傳記、游記、小說、童話、寓言以及記敘性的散文等文體，都屬于記敘文的范疇。就寫作順序而言，記敘文要么是按時(shí)間順序，要么是按事件的重要性的順序來展開。不管是哪種敘述方法，最后經(jīng)常會(huì)有一兩句話抒發(fā)作者的情緒與感悟，這是記敘文的精華所在，也是閱讀的難點(diǎn)所在，可謂“一篇之妙，在于落句”。2、記敘文命題特點(diǎn)從命題形式上看，常見的有細(xì)節(jié)理解、詞義猜測、主旨大意、推理判斷、作者意圖等題型。除了推論或詞義辨識(shí)題，記敘文命題的順序一般都會(huì)按照文章的脈絡(luò)和故事發(fā)展的順序?qū)訉油七M(jìn)，否則就會(huì)覺得別扭，邏輯不通。同時(shí)，記敘文需要事件的發(fā)展過程作支撐，一半以上的題目都會(huì)用來檢測考生對(duì)故事的了解，因此，我們必須弄明白整件事情的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。而其余像主旨大意、作者意圖之類的題目，則取決于文章的落句，集中考查對(duì)作者所發(fā)的感觸的理解?？傊?，細(xì)節(jié)題是記敘文命題的主流題型。而寓意之類的題則是高一層次的題，有一定的難度和區(qū)分度，它們是拉開距離的題，答對(duì)了這些題，你才有可能成功地躋身高分之列。綜上所述，記敘文的應(yīng)對(duì)策略即：不漏細(xì)節(jié)，奠定基礎(chǔ)；把準(zhǔn)寓意，方能成功。一、記敘文答題技巧夯基·必備基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理一把鑰匙開一把鎖。要解答好記敘文閱讀理解題，就應(yīng)該有一套針對(duì)性強(qiáng)的方法和技巧。下面是我們?cè)陂喿x教學(xué)中積累下來的一點(diǎn)心得體會(huì)，希望能對(duì)大家有所幫助。（1）順藤摸瓜。記敘文中有大量的事件發(fā)展過程中的細(xì)節(jié)，包括記敘文的5W（what,who,when,where,why）要素。因此我們作答細(xì)節(jié)題的時(shí)候，就沒有那么復(fù)雜，一般只需要由前到后，從上到下，一題一題地做就可以了。（2）左顧右盼。在做題過程中，我們大都不能在文中找到與題干一字不差的詞語或句子。這時(shí)我們需要認(rèn)真研究問題，抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞語，然后到文中準(zhǔn)確地找到與之相關(guān)的語句，或是疑似語句的位置，接著去左顧，或右盼，在前句或后句尋找線索。（3）刨根問底。如前所述，主旨大意題或推理判斷、作者意圖題等實(shí)際上是同一類型的問題，或者說是可用同種方法解答的題型。在解答此類題目的時(shí)候，不可被題干的表象所迷惑，要像剝洋蔥一樣，一層一層地剝；在四個(gè)可選項(xiàng)中，一個(gè)一個(gè)地去證實(shí)，去排除。特別是解答推論或暗指類的題目，比如“Whatcanbeinferredfrom…?”或是Whatdoestheauthorimplyin…?”之類的題目，文中所陳述的往往不是答案。我們要在文前文后去查找，在字里行間里去尋覓。有時(shí)還少不了借助自己的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常理來體會(huì)這言外之意。（4）撥云見日。每年的中考閱讀題中，特別是記敘文的閱讀題，都會(huì)出現(xiàn)一至兩道詞義猜測題。而這些詞匯往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有點(diǎn)頭之交，在文中卻另有新意的，總之，猜的是那些在高考詞匯表要求之外的詞匯。小小的一個(gè)詞，一個(gè)短語，考核的不是你的語法的熟練程度，也不是你的記憶力，而是你對(duì)文章通篇或者一個(gè)段落的整體把握和變通能力。這時(shí)，你不僅需要“左顧右盼”，還需要在幾句話，一個(gè)段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行間中快速搜尋，看看前面、后面都發(fā)生了些什么；反復(fù)琢磨人物、事物，或者人物與事物之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，才可能在最后撥開團(tuán)團(tuán)迷霧，從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出正確答案。二、細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷答題技巧一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題第一步：審讀題干，提取關(guān)鍵信息；第二步：速讀定位原文信息句，將試題信息與原文信息進(jìn)行語義轉(zhuǎn)換；第三步：逐一核對(duì)選項(xiàng)，仔細(xì)辨別，得出答案。解題原則：對(duì)原文中能直接排除的進(jìn)行篩選，不能直接找到的多處相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合轉(zhuǎn)換。二、推理判斷推理判斷題是中考閱讀理解試題中的重要題型之一,包括推理和判斷兩個(gè)方面，是考生失分率較高的題型?？疾榭忌高^文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)、作者的態(tài)度、意圖作出正確推理判斷的能力。分析今年高考題可知，推斷題呈不斷上升的趨勢，且由過去簡單的對(duì)號(hào)入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過語句的同義或反義詞及長難句來考查考生對(duì)語言的理解能力，難度比之前有所增加。預(yù)計(jì)2024年中考推理判斷題占比5-7題左右。題型和考查角度：1.高頻考點(diǎn)：隱含意義、寫作意圖、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。2.低頻考點(diǎn)：文章出處、文章結(jié)構(gòu)、目標(biāo)讀者。錯(cuò)誤原因：1.主觀臆斷2.缺乏邏輯3.過度推理4.缺乏常識(shí)隱含推斷類題型鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞infer（推斷），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出結(jié)論）,indicate（暗示，象征）,imply（暗示）,assume(假定，設(shè)想)迅速確定題型解題指導(dǎo)：(1)瀏覽選項(xiàng)，首先排除對(duì)原文信息簡單重復(fù)的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)(2)抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理：在原文中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍后，要善于抓住關(guān)鍵信息去分析判斷；(3)整合全文/段信息進(jìn)行推斷：有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文或全段的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有效信息去進(jìn)行綜合推斷，才能確定最佳選項(xiàng)。無論哪種推斷形式必須立足原文，避免主觀臆斷。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類題型鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)題干中表達(dá)情感的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或介詞短語等，如attitude（態(tài)度），outstanding（優(yōu)秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hopefully（有希望的）,against（反對(duì)）,infavorof（贊成）,迅速確定題型。解題指導(dǎo)：(1)認(rèn)真審題，明確“誰對(duì)誰”的態(tài)度，明確答題方向(2)關(guān)注段落首尾句，推斷文章和段落主題，確定觀點(diǎn)(3)注意作者或文中人物的措辭(4)分析修飾語和字里行間所隱含的意思，切忌用自己觀點(diǎn)代替作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)；(5)牢記觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的常見詞語寫作意圖類題型鎖定關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞purpose（目的），intendto（打算），wanttotellus...（想要告訴我們），writethispassageto（寫這篇文章為了）迅速確定題型。解題指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)文章或段落主旨推斷作者寫作意圖；根據(jù)文體推斷寫作意圖記敘文：通常會(huì)在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括性語言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有敘述都圍繞該哲理展開（totellastory,toentertainreaders,toshareanexperience...）三、詞義猜測和主旨大意答題技巧詞義猜測題型和考查角度：1.猜測生詞或熟詞生義。2.猜測短語的意義。3.猜測代替詞所替代的內(nèi)容。4.猜測句意。解題技巧：1.定位文中畫線處上下文。2.理解上下文，查找提示點(diǎn)，根據(jù)背景、上下文等線索推測生詞詞義。選項(xiàng)特征：正確選項(xiàng)特征將選項(xiàng)代入原文，上下文邏輯通順。含義和其字面意思一般沒有關(guān)系。干擾項(xiàng)特征與劃線部分詞形相似考查熟詞生義時(shí)，含有常規(guī)詞義的往往不正確3.選項(xiàng)中含有過多原句中已有的詞和短語的選項(xiàng)一般為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。一、猜測劃線單詞意思1.根據(jù)定義推測詞義：有時(shí)作者會(huì)通過給詞匯下定義來幫助讀者理解該詞的基本含義，如線索詞thatis,or,namely,inotherwords,thatistosay,tobemoreexact,toputitanotherway,whichis等。2.根據(jù)舉例推測詞義：有時(shí)，劃線部分后會(huì)根由一些具體的例子，這些例子可以幫助考試?yán)斫庠撛~的詞義。線索詞suchas,such...as,forexample,forinstance,like,including,especially等。3.根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系推測詞義：表達(dá)對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞需注意but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,similarly,onthecontrary,incontrastto等。4.根據(jù)同義詞或并列結(jié)構(gòu)推測詞義：在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者為了避免語言的單調(diào)和重復(fù)，會(huì)使用意思相同或相近的詞，此時(shí)，只要知道其中一個(gè)詞的意思，就能猜出另一個(gè)詞的意思。5.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法推測詞義：英語中的很多詞匯，尤其是不斷出現(xiàn)的新詞大多是通過構(gòu)詞法生成的，因此，掌握主要的構(gòu)詞法有助于猜測詞義。6.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系推測詞義：因果關(guān)系時(shí)一種常見的提供生詞詞義信息的邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)線索詞as,since,because,for,so,therefore,dueto,resultin,asaresult,forthisreason,so...that,such...that等可知上下句存在因果，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。二、猜測劃線代詞意思定關(guān)鍵：返回原文，找到指代詞，理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)。找替代：根據(jù)上下文，尋找復(fù)合邏輯關(guān)系的名詞、代詞、短語或句子等。再核對(duì)：比較選項(xiàng)，找出與符合邏輯的選項(xiàng)。一般來說，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those指代上文提到的人或事。主旨大意題型題型和考查角度：1.主題類：文章大意題和段落大意題(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)2.標(biāo)題類：標(biāo)題判斷題（選擇最佳標(biāo)題）。要做好主旨大意題，我們首先必須了解其正確選項(xiàng)和干擾選項(xiàng)的特征。選項(xiàng)特征：正確選項(xiàng)特征涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文或全段。確定的范圍恰當(dāng)，既不太大，也不太小。精確性強(qiáng)，不會(huì)改變語言表意的程度及色彩語言精練，若是標(biāo)題類，則應(yīng)當(dāng)醒目且語言具有概括性和針對(duì)性。干擾項(xiàng)特征過于籠統(tǒng)范圍太大，超出文章內(nèi)容。以偏概全只是文章的某一部分或者某一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，或是某一個(gè)段落的要點(diǎn)或者部分。主觀臆斷與文章內(nèi)容無關(guān)，只是涉及個(gè)別單詞或按現(xiàn)實(shí)生活生搬硬套。命題方式：Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?What'sthefirst/second/third....paragraphmainlyabout?What'sthemainideadiscussedinthefirst/second/..paragraph?記敘文：純記敘文通常沒有主題句,需要讀者自己領(lǐng)悟,從中歸納提煉;但有的在文尾作者會(huì)發(fā)表感慨、感悟或就此發(fā)表議論,主旨也就在此;還有的先發(fā)表某種議論或感慨再講一個(gè)故事或經(jīng)歷,主旨就在文首。根據(jù)位置確定主題句:主題句在文首文章開門見山，給出了主題句，隨之用細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋、支撐。作者在首段常常亮出觀點(diǎn)、表明立場。大多數(shù)文章的主題句就是文章的首句,所以要認(rèn)真閱讀文章首句。主題句在文末有的主題句放在文章的末尾,先擺出事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，最后總結(jié),從而形成強(qiáng)有力的結(jié)論,要求考生耐心地讀完全文。有時(shí)主題句首尾呼應(yīng)，開篇先提出主題，結(jié)尾再次升華主題。中考記敘文?？紭?biāo)題歸納題型最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)具備以下三大特征：①概括--準(zhǔn)確而又簡短;②針對(duì)性--標(biāo)題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符;③題目--能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。三大方法：①正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，揣摩哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能準(zhǔn)確概括主旨；②反面否定法：撇開原文，設(shè)想各選項(xiàng)寫出來應(yīng)是什么樣的文章，然后和原文比對(duì)，逐一排除不符項(xiàng)；③研讀備選項(xiàng)：認(rèn)真研讀備選項(xiàng)里的中心詞、結(jié)構(gòu)、概括性、修飾詞的變化，查看與中心思想是否相符。提升·必考題型歸納（一）（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測）Therewasastorymanyyearsagoofaschoolteacher—Mrs.Thompson.Shetoldthechildrenonthefirstdaythatshelovedthemallthesame.Butthatwasalie.ThereinthefrontrowwasalittleboynamedTeddyStoddard.Hedidn’tplaywellwiththeotherchildrenandhealwaysneededabath.Shedidnotlikehim.ThenMrs.ThompsongottoknowthatTeddywasactuallyaverygoodboybeforethedeathofhismother.Mrs.Thompsonwasashamedofherself.Shefeltevenworsewhen,likeallherotherstudents,TeddybroughtheraChristmaspresent,too.Itwashismother’sperfume.Teddysaid,“Mrs.Thompson,todayyousmelljustlikemyMomusedto.”Afterthechildrenleft,shecriedforatleastanhour.Onthatveryday,shestoppedteachingreading,writingandmath.Instead,shebegantoteachchildren.Mrs.ThompsonpaidparticularattentiontoTeddy.Theboy’smindseemedtocomealive.Themoresheencouragedhim,thefasterheimproved.Bytheendofthesixthgrade,Teddyhadbecomeoneofthesmartestchildrenintheclass.SixyearswentbybeforeshegotanotefromTeddy.Hewrotethathehadfinishedhighschool,thirdinhisclass,andshewasstillthebestteacherheeverhadinhiswholelife.Hewenttocollege.Mrs.Thompsongottwomorelettersfromhimwiththelastonesigned,TheodoreF.Stoddard,M.D．(醫(yī)學(xué)博士).Thestorydoesn’tendthere.Onhisweddingday,Dr.StoddardwhisperedinMrs.Thompson’sear,“Thankyou,Mrs.Thompson,forbelievinginme.YoumademefeelimportantandshowedmethatIcouldmakeadifference.”Mrs.Thompson,withtearsinhereyes,whisperedback,“Teddy,youhaveitallwrong.YouweretheonewhotaughtmethatIcouldmakeadifference.Ididn’tknowhowtoteachuntilImetyou.”1．WhatdidMrs.Thompsondoonthefirstdayofschool?A．ShemadeTeddyfeelashamed.B．Shetoldtheclasssomethinguntrueaboutherself.C．ShechangedTeddy’sseattothefrontrow.D．SheaskedthechildrentoplaywithTeddy.2．WhatdidMrs.ThompsonfindoutaboutTeddy?A．Heoftentoldlies. B．Hewasgoodatmath.C．Heneededmotherlycare. D．Heenjoyedplayingwithothers.3．WhydidMrs.Thompsonfeelevenworse?A．Becauseherstudentsdidn’tlikeher.B．BecauseTeddybroughtherhismother’sperfumeasChristmaspresent.C．Becauseshewasveryill.D．Becauseshecouldn’tdowellinherteaching.4．InwhatwaydidMrs.Thompsonchange?A．Shetaughtfewerschoolsubjects.B．Shebecamestricterwithherstudents.C．Shenolongerlikedherjobasateacher.D．Shecaredmoreabouteducatingstudents.5．WhydidTeddythankMrs.Thompsonathiswedding?A．Shehadkeptintouchwithhim.B．Shehadgivenhimencouragement.C．ShehadsenthimChristmaspresents.D．Shehadtaughthimhowtojudgepeople.（二）（2023·江西南昌·南昌市八一中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）Love,joyandthewarmfeelingofgettingtogetherdon’tcostathing.Butgiftsdocostmoney.Sowhatshouldapoorfamilydo?WhenIwas10,ItoldmymotherthattheonlythingIwantedfortheNewYearwasapogostick(彈簧單高蹺).However,mymothersaiditwassoexpensivethatwecouldn’taffordone.OnaSaturdaybeforeNewYear,myfamilywentshoppingtogether.WhilemymotherandIwerepickingoutthegifts,mydadsaid,“I’llbebacksoon-Ineedtoseesomethinginthetoolarea.”Amomentlater,hecamebackwithalongbox.Irememberedwonderingiftherewasapogostickinit.Whenwearrivedhome,mydadputtheboxinthegarage.Whilemyparentswerebusywiththeirchores,Iquietlywalkedouttothegarageandfoundthebox.IwassoexcitedandIknewassoonasIopenedthatmagicalbox,mybright,shinypogostickwouldappear.Nosuchluck!Insidetheboxwasasillyoldbroom(掃帚).ThatNewYearmorning,Igotsomegiftslikeatigertoyandasavingpot,butIdidn’tgetthepresentthatIreallywanted.HowupsetIfeltatthatmomentthoughIdidn’twantmyparentstosee!Aftercleaninguptheroom,mydadwenttothegarage.Whenhecameback,hewascarryingabeautifulpogostick.Icouldn’tbelieveit!Myparentsprobablygotquitealaughfromthetricktheyplayedonme.Althoughwedidn’thavemuchmoney,myparentsgavemethemostimportantgiftofall:lotsoflove.Thatwasover60yearsagoandIstillthinkaboutthosewonderfulmemories.Theywerefullofmychildhood.Iwillneverforgetallthejoymyparentsbroughtintomylife.6．Whatdidthewriterseeinthelongboxwhenheopenedit?A．Pogostick. B．Anoldbroom. C．Atigertoy. D．Asavingpot.7．Howdidthewriterfeelatthetimehereceivedthebeautifulpogostick?A．Excited. B．Upset. C．Unbelievable. D．Scared.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”refertoaccordingtothepassage?A．Thewriter’sparents. B．Thepogosticks.C．Somenicegifts. D．Thewonderfulmemories.9．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Thewritercanalwaysgetwhathewantsfromhisparents.B．Hisparentsgavethewriterenoughlovealthoughhewasborninpoor.C．Thewriterisabout60yearsoldnow.D．Thewriterfeltdisappointedwithhisparents.10．Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusfromthepassage?A．Parentsshouldsatisfyalltheirchildren’sneeds.B．Kidsshouldn’taskparentsforanygifts.C．It’sgoodtoplaysometricksoneachothersometimes.D．Themostexpensivegiftmaynotcostmuchmoneybutfulloflove.（三）（2023·陜西西安·西安市鐵一中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）JiangDanniisa24-year-oldvolunteerfromEastChina.ShehasvolunteeredinschoolsinLebanonandcountriesinAfrica.Andhervideosaboutherexperiencehavecaughtmanypeople’sattention.Aftergraduatingfromuniversityin2020,DannichosetoworkinAfricaforayearandthentookatriptosevencountries.AprimaryschoolinUgandastoppedher.Shehadapeacefultimegettingtoknowthechildrenattheschool.ShetaughtchildreninGradesOnetoFour.Dannisetupdifferentkindsofclassesforherstudents,includingChineselanguagelearning,andcrafts(手工藝).Dannialsotriedtocareforthestudents.WhilestayingataschoolinTanzania,sheusuallywenttothetownwhichwasfarawayfromschooltobuydeliciousfoodforthekids.In2022,DanniarrivedinLebanoninAsiaandbecameavolunteerteacherataschool.Thistimeshetaughtartsandcraftstoherstudents.Sheincludedsomeinterestingactivitiesinherteachingsuchaspapercuttingandthemakingofpapericecreaminclass.Herstudentsallworkedhardandenjoyedthecreativeactivities.▲EverytimeDanniarrivedattheschool,theywouldruntogiveherahugorsmallgiftssuchascandy.Andafterschool,theywouldinvitedhertotheirhomes.“Ienjoyedspendingbeautifulmomentswiththem.Theirsmilingfacesgavemeenergyandencouragedmetofindmeaninginvolunteerworkindifferentplaces,”Dannisaid.Shehasdecidedtofurtherdevelopherdreamtohelpothersasalifetimecareer(終身事業(yè)).11．WheredidDannidovolunteerworkatfirst?A．InAfrica. B．InAmerica. C．InAsia. D．InEurope.12．WhatdidDanniteachintheschoolinLebanon?①Chinese. ②Cooking. ③Crafts. ④Arts.A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．③④13．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin▲?A．Dannienjoyedhelpingothers.B．Thechildrentherewerepoorbuthappy.C．Dannigotonreallywellwiththechildren.D．Thesmilesonthechildren’sfacesmovedDanni.（四）（2023·吉林長春·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）Lifehasawayofshapingus.Lifecanmakeyoudoubtyourpurpose.ThesearethoughtsthatIhavehadinmymindformanyyears.Poetry(詩)preparesmeformypurpose.Mypurposeispoetry.Inmyjourneytowardspurpose,poetryismysafetynet.Istartedwritingpoemsattheageof5.By13,Ihadwrittenquitealotofpoems.Poetrywasmyescape(解脫)frombeingbullied(欺凌)bymyclassmates.TheybulliedmebecauseofthewayIlooked.Thisbullyinggavemelowconfidence.Poetrywasmywaytobeseen,beheardandbeknown.Ateachimportantmomentinmylife,Iwrotepoetry.Indifficulttimes,Iwrotepoetry.Ithelpedmegetawayfromthepain.However,writingpoetrycouldn’tsupportme.SoIturnedtoteachinginstead.WhilelivinginChina,myjobwasanEnglishteacher.ThetwoChineseteachersIworkedwithgavemeadviceonhowtoteachthestudentsEnglish.Thestudents’needsofstudyingdecidedwhatIneededtodointheclassroom.Withchallengingsituationslikethis,Icontinuedwritingpoetry.Iwrotedownmyfeelings.Iacceptedanewme,Ilearnedtothinkpositively(積極地).Myrelationshipwithpoetrygrewovertime.Poetrystayedinmyspiritdeeply.Thereisnothingstoppingyou.Theonlypersonstandinginyourwayisyourself.Youhavethepower.Keepgoing.Keepbelieving.Rememberthatyourhardworkisnotinvain.Goforit!Yourpurposeiswaitingforyou!根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。14．Whendidthewriterstartwritingpoems?A．Attheageof5. B．Attheageof13.C．Whenshewasbulliedbyherclassmate. D．WhenshewasinChina.15．Whydidthewritersaypoetryishersafetynet?A．Becauseitwasawayforhertomakefriends.B．Becauseitmadeherpopulararoundherclassmate.C．Becauseitgaveherasenseofachievement.D．Becauseithelpedhergetawayfromthepain.16．Whichistherightorderofthefollowingthings?①Thewriterstartedwritingpoems.②ThewriterworkedinChinaasanEnglishteacher.③Thewriter’srelationshipwithpoetrygrewovertime.④Thewriterwasbulliedandshewrotelotsofpoemstoescape.A．①③②④ B．②④③① C．①④②③ D．②①③④17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“invain”mean?A．important B．necessary C．helpless D．successful18．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.B．Astrongwillcanhelpusachieveourpurpose.C．Workhardtodigupthedepthsofyourspirit.D．Bebraveandsaynoifbeingtreatedunfairly.（五）（2023·吉林長春·長春市解放大路學(xué)校?？寄M預(yù)測）Whatcanyouachieveinfivedays?Learnadance?Readabook?Orgoonaroadtrip?Whataboutwinningfourgoldmedals?Youmaythinkitisimpossible,butateenagegirlhasdonejustthat!LastOctober,atthe2022ISSFWorldChampionshipsinCairo,Egypt,PangYuqianwonfourgoldmedalsinthe50-meterrifle(步槍)eventsinfivedays.Itwasherfirstinternationalcompetition,butPang,an18-year-oldhighschoolstudentfromSichuan,madequiteadebut(首次亮相).Itiswidelyknownthatalotofthingsarerequiredofaplayerinshootingsports,andoneofthemisconcentration.“Sheislittle,thinandquiet,butshewillputallherattentionontherifleaslongassheholdsitinherhands.”Pang’scoachsaid.What’smore,sheisstrictwithherselfandoftenaskshercoachforadviceeventhoughsheisanaturalforthesport.Beforewinningthefourmedals,shepracticedreallyhard.Now,thankstoyearsoftraining,Pangisalreadyaworld-classshooter.Afterwinningthefourgoldmedals,Pangkepttellingherparentstokeepalowprofile(保持低調(diào))andaskedthemnottopostanythingaboutherorherachievementsonWeChatMoments,buthermomdidn’tlisten.Shesharedthestoryofherdaughteronlineanyway,butwhocanblame(責(zé)怪)her?Afterall,noteveryonecanachieveinalifetimewhatPanghasalreadyachievedasateenager.Pangshotforthemoonandgotit.Whatagreatrolemodeltous!Comeon,everyone,let’smakebigplansanddreambigdreams.Evenifwemissthemoon,we’llstilllandamongthestars!根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。19．Whatdoesthewriterthinkofwinningfourgoldmedalsinfivedays?A．Normal. B．Unbelievable. C．Easy. D．Interesting.20．Whichistherightorderofthefollowingfacts?①Pangpracticedhardbeforethecompetition.②Pangwonfourgoldmedalsinthe50-meterrifleevents.③PangtoldherparentsnottopostanythingaboutherontheInternet.④Pang’smomsharedPang’sachievementsonline.A．②①③④ B．①②③④ C．①②④③ D．②①④③21．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concentration”inParagraph3meaninChinese?A．毅力 B．堅(jiān)持 C．專注 D．活力22．WhydidPang’smomwanttosharePang’sstorywithothers?A．Becauseshewantedtoshowoff.B．Becauseshewasproudofherdaughterandwantedtoshareherhappiness.C．Becauseshewantedherdaughtertobecomebetter.D．Becauseshewantedotherstopraiseherdaughter.23．Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．AnImportantShootingExperience. B．FourGoldMedals.C．ADebutinanInternationalCompetition. D．SheShottheMoon.（六）（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第十六中學(xué)校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）Lifeislikeajourney.Noneofuscanpredictthedestination(終點(diǎn))ofthisjourney.Duringthisjourney,wewillenjoybeautifulsceneryandencounterbadweatherwiththunderstorms.Peoplehavedifferentexperiences,butinthisjourney,weallhavetofaceallkindsofsituations.Nomatterwhatweexperience,weshouldhaveadreamandholdituntiltheendofourjourney.Wecan’tsetourgoalstoohigh,whichwillonlymakeushavenotimetoenjoyourselvesalongtheway.Everyday,wehavetomoveforwardinahurry,justlikeclimbingcountlessmountains.Whenweclimbamountain,therearemanyhighermountainswaitingforustoclimb.Thatway,wearelikelytogiveupourdreams,becauseitseemsimpossibleforustoreachthepeak.Weshouldstartfromownrealityandenjoythebeautyoflife.Weshouldnotonlyliveforourgoals,butalsoliveforourselves.Learntolove.Duringthejourneyoflife,wearenotalone.Therearemanypeoplewithus,family,friends,teachersandsoon.Theygiveusloveandcareandweshouldloveandrespectthem,includingstrangers.Benicetoothers,andtheworldwillbenicetous.Treatthejourneyoflifecalmlyandpatiently,waitfortheflowerstobloomandfall,andenjoytheclouds.Thebeautyofpeaceofmindisevenmorefascinating.Acalmheartislikeaclearblueskywithoutdarkclouds,likeapoolofclearwaterwithoutanypollution,andlikethelightongreenleaves,givingushopeandcourage.Allinall,weshouldcherisheveryone,everythingandeveryscenerywesee.Lifeistooshort.Bekindtoyourself,liveinthepresentandletlifeshowitsbeauty,becauseweonlyhaveonelife.Pleasefeelthesceneryalongthewaywithyourheart!24．Accordingtoparagraph1,whatcanyouinfer?A．Everyonecanknowwhattheendoftheirlifeislike.B．Eitherbadthingsorgoodthings,youwillexperienceinyourlife.C．Youmaysticktoyourdreamtillyoudie.D．Thunderstormsherereferstogoodsituations.25．Whycan’twesetourgoaltoohigh?A．Bccausehighgoalsaretooeasy.B．Becausehighgoalsarehardtoset.C．Becausehighgoalsmakeusclimbcountlessmountains.D．Becausehighgoalsaresodifficulttoachievethatwewouldgivethemup.26．Duringourjourneyoflife,whomshouldweloveandrespect?A．Parents. B．Strangers.C．Friends. D．Alloftheabove.27．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructure(結(jié)構(gòu))ofthepassage?A． B． C． D．28．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Becalmandpatient B．EnjoyourjourneyoflifeC．Loveeveryonearoundus D．Nevergiveupourdreams真題感悟（一）（2023·遼寧大連·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Raywasanaughty(淘氣的)student.Buthewassmartandhard-working.Andheneverlostaraceorachessgame.Healwayscamefirstinschool.Hewassopleasedwithhimselfthathewouldalwaysrefusetohelpothers.“Ray,areyouabletogotothemarketandbuysomeeggs?”askedhismother.Raygaveanexcuseandrefused,“Sorry,Mom.Iwouldbebusywithmyhomework.”Jack,oneofRay’sfriends,wantedhishelpandasked,“Pleasehelpmesolvethismathproblem.”“Youmustuseyourbrainandsolveityourself.”repliedthearrogant(傲慢的)Ray.OnlyonethingwasimportanttoRay.Hisprecious(珍貴的)pen!Heconsidereditashisluckypen.ButonedayRaylostthepen.WorriedRaylookedeverywhereforthepen,butcouldn’tfindit.Helplessly,hewenttohismotherforhelp,“Mom,Ilostmyluckypen!Pleasehelpmefindit.Ihaveatesttomorrow.”Hismotherignored(不理睬)hisrequestandsaid,“I’msorry.I’mgoingoutwithAuntyChristme.”Withtearsrollingdownhiseyes.Rayaskedhisfriendforhelp,“Ihavelostmyluckypen.Icannotfinishthetestwithoutit.Pleasehelpmefindit!”“I’msorry,Ray.Ihavetorevisefortomorrow’stest.Idon’thavetimetowaste.”Jackreplied.Raysatathisdesk,cryinghiseyesout,whenhismotherwalkedintogivehisluckypentohim.“Ifounditunderthesofainthedrawingroom.”saidhismother.“Manythanks.Mom!”saidRay.Andthus,Raylearnthislesson.Afterthatday,Rayhelpedeveryonewhenpossibleforhim.35．ToRay’smotherandJack,Raywas________.A．perfect B．unhelpful C．careless D．warm-hearted36．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutRay?A．Hetoldliestohismother. B．Herefusedhisfriend’shelp.C．Hehelpedhisfriendwithmath. D．Heneededhelptofindhispen.37．HowdidRaylearnhislesson?A．Bytakingatest. B．Byhelpingothers.C．Bysharingkindness. D．Byexperiencingworries.38．WhatcanwelearnfromthePassage?A．Askingforhelpnecessary. B．Helpingothersbringshappiness.C．Helpingothersistohelpourselves. D．Lookingforexcusesforourselvesuseless.（二）（2023·江蘇）KatiewaswaitingforGulliver’scalls.Instead,shejustheardsparrowsmakingnoiseinthebushes.“MaybeGullivermissedtheharbour.”Dadsaid.Afterbreakfast,Katietookhercameratotheharbour.Allthecolourfulboatsmadeprettypictures,butnottheoneshewantedmost.KatiewavedtoErnest,heruncle’sneighbour,ontheboathouse.Thegull’sname,Gulliver,wasgivenbyhim.Thegull’ssizeandhissinglelegmadethebirditselfdifferent.ButErnesttoldKatiewhatGulliverdidthatfirstsummerKatieandherdadcamecaughteveryone’sattention.YoungKatielayinherstroller(嬰兒車)onthefloatingdock(碼頭)whenUncleRalphandDadwererepairingboatsnearby.ThewavesfromthepassingboatmadeKatie’sstrollershakestrongly.“Kee-aah!Kee-aah!”Gullivermadetheloudestcry.DadandunclerushedtoKatieandstoppedthestrollerfromfallingintothewater.TheykeptacloseeyeatKatieafterthat.AnothersummerKatiewasthreeyearsold,shelikedtotoucheverything.ButDaddidn’twatchhereveryminutewhenshetriedtocatchsmallducksaroundorfishfromwater.“Kee-aah!Kee-aah!”Thegull’scrybroughtDadbackintime.HestoppedKatieasshetriedtofollowthesmallducksrunningtowardswater.Severalsummerspassed,andGullivercontinuedtocalloutasKatietriednewthings.ThissummerKatiedidtheusualby-the-seathingsshe’dlearnedtodo.Oneday,sherowedaboatoutbutwastrappedonarockbyastorm.Asshelookedupandtriedtocatchthelastwarmthofthesunshinethroughdarkclouds,shesawasinglewhitefeather.Agullfeather?Shesearchedtheskyforananswer.Puttingherarmsaroundknees,sheclosedeyestoholdinthetears(眼淚).“Kee-aah!Kee-aah!”Katiesatup.“Katie!Katie!”Soon,DadandUncleRalphappeared.“Howlucky!WeheardGulliveraswecamearoundtherocks,”UncleRalphsaid,“Atleast…itsoundedlikehim.Strange,hewasnowhereinsight.”Katierememberedthefeather.“IthoughtIheardhim,too.”—AdaptedfromthestorybyGillianRichardson39．Katietookacameratotheharbourinordertotakeapictureof________.A．Gulliver B．Ernest C．sparrows D．boats40．What’stherightorderofthefollowingeventsaboutKatie?①Shewastrappedonarockbyastorm.②Shelayinherstrolleronthefloatingdock.③Shefollowedthesmallducksrunningtowardswater.A．①②③ B．①③② C．②③① D．②①③41．WhichofthefollowingcanshowthechangeofKatie’sfeelingsinParagraph3?A．sad—peaceful—excited B．sad—excited—nervousC．helpless—hopeful—thankful D．helpless—thankful—nervous42．What’sthebesttitleforthestory?A．KatieandGulliver B．Katie’sHolidaysC．KatieandDad D．Katie’sTears（三）（2023·山東濟(jì)南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Likemostparents,minespentmuchtimeadvisingmetotakepartinactivitiesoutsideschool.However,theyneverforcedme,andIneverfoundanythingIwasinterestedin.ThenonedayafriendatschooltoldmeaboutalocaldancegroupandaskedifIwantedtogowithher.Soafterschoolwewenttotalktothedanceteacher.Sheexplainedeverythingtousandwebothdecidedtojoin.MyparentswerereallypleasedtohearI’dfinallychosendancing.Theythinkifyoudevelopaninterestindoingsomethingyourself,itwillbeeasiertosucceed.I’venowbeenattendingthedancingclassesfor3yearsandIreallyenjoyit.Weareorganizedintoagegroups,andat16I’mnowintheoldestclass.Thereareclassesofswingdance,ballet(芭蕾舞),streetdanceandfolkdance.IpracticestreetdanceandI’mquitegoodatit.Ialsohelpoutleadingsomeoftheyoungerchildren.Wealsotakepartineventslikelocalandevennationaldanceshows,andrelativesturnuptoseetheirchildrenperform.Myparentsareproudofmeastheytellmeallthetime.NowI’llbetoooldtocontinuedancingwiththegroup.However,Ihavealreadymadeplanstocontinuewiththem.Thedanceschoolhasbecomeverysuccessfulandisopeningnewclasses.ThedirectorhasaskedifI’dliketobeoneofthegroupleadersandofcourseIsaid“yes”!—ByJulie,1643．WhomadeJuliedecidetojointhelocaldancegroup?A．Herparents. B．Herteacher. C．Herfriend. D．Herself.44．AccordingtoJulie’sparents,whatismoreimportanttobesuccessful?A．Interest. B．Hardwork. C．Courage. D．Pride.45．WhendidJulieattendthedancingclasses?A．1yearago. B．2yearsago. C．3yearsago. D．4yearsago.46．WhatkindofdanceisJuliegoodat?A．Swingdance. B．Ballet. C．Streetdance. D．Folkdance.47．HowdoesJuliefeelaboutherfuturedevelopment?A．Unhappy. B．Clear. C．Scared. D．Worried.（四）（2023·湖北十堰·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ihavean11-year-oldsonnamedPeter.Iknewthatplayingsportswouldbegoodtoourson.Hewouldgetsomeexercise,learnaboutteamworkandlearnsomephysicalskills.Wecontinuallyencouragedhimtohaveatry,butafterawhileitwasclearthathedidn’tliketeamsports,andtherewas