【期末考點(diǎn)精練】專題05-外研版八下重點(diǎn)語法及精練（解析版）

【期末考點(diǎn)精練】專題05外研版八下重點(diǎn)語法及精練（解析版）一．系動詞系動詞又稱連系動詞，不單獨(dú)作謂語，必須與表語（名詞、形容詞等）連用構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。系表結(jié)構(gòu)可說明主語的屬性、特征或狀態(tài)。系動詞的分類1.表示狀態(tài)的系動詞： be動詞,look(看起來)，feel(感覺，感到)，sound(聽起來)，smell(聞起來)，taste(嘗起來)，seem(似乎);appear(顯得，好像);keep(保持);remain(依然，保持);stay(仍然)等。2.表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動詞：get;become;turn;go;grow;fall等。★表示變化的系動詞的區(qū)別：天氣變化用get;顏色的變化用turn;由好變壞用go;逐漸變化用grow;好變壞、壞變好用become或get;成為用become.二．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.結(jié)構(gòu) have/has+動詞過去分詞否定句 haven’t/hasn’t+動詞過去分詞疑問句 Have/Has+主語+動詞過去分詞？肯定回答Yes,主語+has/have.否定回答No,主語+hasn’t/haven’t.2.過去分詞的變化A直接加-edB不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾動詞，動詞詞尾加-dC輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，把-y變?yōu)?i再加-edD以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加-edE不規(guī)則變化見不規(guī)則動詞表3.過去分詞ed發(fā)音規(guī)律清念/t/元濁/d//t//d/以后念/id/finished borrowed wantedpassed enjoyed shoutedhelped called neededcooked moved counted4.havebeento表示曾經(jīng)去過某地（現(xiàn)在不在那里了），后面可接去過某地的次數(shù)，如once,twice,threetimes等。havegoneto表示已經(jīng)去了某地（現(xiàn)在還沒有返回）。havebeenin表示在某地多長時(shí)間了，常在含有for+時(shí)間段；since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)的時(shí)間狀語的句子中使用。隨堂練習(xí)一．用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.—you(finish)yourhomework?

—Notyet.2.Mary(nothave)lunch.She(have)itat12:20.

3.Theplane(take)off.It(take)offhalfanhourago.

4.Theyoungman(live)alonesincehegraduatedfromcollege.

5.—MayIspeaktoNick?—Sorry,he(go)toParisandwillbebackintwoweeks.

【答案】1.Havefinished2.hasn’thad，willhave3.hastaken，took4.haslived5.hasgone二．動詞填空J(rèn)ack’smotherisagoodcook.Sheoften1.(cook)gooddishes.It’stimefordinner.She2.(cook)thedeliciousdinner.Butwhere’sJack’sfather?He3.(go)togethismails.WhataboutJack?Oh,heisbusydoinghishomework.He4.(have)dinnerintenminutes.Jack’sgrandfatherisn’thungrynowbecausehe5.(have)dinnerinarestaurantjustnow.

【答案】1cooks2hascooked3hasgone4willhave5had三．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與下列副詞連用：already已經(jīng)（多用于肯定陳述句，句中）yet尚，還，仍然（多用于否定句、疑問句，句末）ever曾經(jīng)（多用于疑問句，句中）recently最近（多用于句末）never從不（多用于否定句，句中）just僅僅（多用于肯定句句中）before之前（一般位于句末）隨堂練習(xí)用just,already,yet,recently,ever,never填空1.HaveyoubeentotheWestLake?No,Ihavebeenthere.2.Ihavereadthenoveltwice.3.Haveyoufinishedyourwork?4.Ihaven’theardfromher.5.Hehasgoneshoppingwithhisparents.6.Ihaveseenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.7.Jackhasfinishedhishomework.8.Hasthebusleft?Yes,ithasleft.9.你曾經(jīng)去過法國嗎？HaveyoubeentoFrance?10.以前我從沒丟過書。Ihavelostbooksbefore.【答案】1:ever;never2:already3:yet4:recently/yet/before 5:already/just6.never 7.just/already8.yet,already/just9.ever10.never四．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)三Hehasbeenawayfromthearmyfornineyearsbecauseofalegwound.(1)for和since區(qū)別for用來說明動作的延續(xù)時(shí)間長短，即多長時(shí)間，時(shí)間段用來說明動作起點(diǎn)，即時(shí)間點(diǎn)，指具體的年，月，日，時(shí)，星期幾sincesince+一段時(shí)間+ago，表示自……時(shí)間前開始至今since+一般過去時(shí)從句Itis(hasbeen)+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過去時(shí)從句時(shí)間段+haspassedsince+一般過去時(shí)從句(2)leave為瞬間性動詞（短暫性），不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。如果有時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語，要將短暫性動詞改為延續(xù)性動詞?！炬溄印砍Ｒ姸虝鹤冄永m(xù)的動詞die——bedead borrow/lend——keep come/go——beinbuy——have leave——beaway(from) finish——beoverbegin/start——beon open——beopen close——beclosedbecome——be join——beinhave/hasbeen+adj./prep.have/haskepthave/hashadfor+時(shí)間段have/hasbeen+adj./prep.have/haskepthave/hashadfor+時(shí)間段since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)Howlong疑問句隨堂練習(xí)一．用since和for填空1.JimhasbeeninIrelandMonday.2.JillhasbeeninIrelandthreedays.3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia15days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere7o'clock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry1974.6.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptymanyyears.8.Mikehasbeenillalongtime.HehasbeeninhospitalOctober.9.ItthreeyearsIcametoAmerica.【答案】1.since2.for3.for4.since5.since6.for7.for8.for,since 9.is;since二．翻譯句子1.你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎? 2.我已經(jīng)買這本詞典三年了。 【答案】1.Haveyouseenthisfilmyet?

2.Ihavehadthisdictionaryfor3years.

三．基本句型英語是一種結(jié)構(gòu)型語言，英語句子必須具備主語和謂語。以謂語動詞為核心，英語句子可以分為五種基本句型，連同therebe句型一起，組成簡單句六種基本句型。（一）主語+系動詞+表語（+其他）（S+V+P）系動詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)做謂語、后邊必須跟表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等。They’rereallytiredafterfootballmatch.H’sbeengoodatplayingthepianoafteralongtraining.(二)主語+不及物動詞（+其他）（S+V）Whenwillyouplaynexttime?What’shappeningoverthere?（三）主語+及物動詞+賓語（+其他）（S+V+O）Doyoucollectanything?Peoplesingsongorplaymusic,andthelistenerschoosethebestsingerormusician.（四）主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語（S+V+IO+DO）,指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。PeopleoftengivemefansaspresentsbecausetheyknowIlikethem.I’llshowyoumystampstoo.(五)主語+謂語（及物動詞）+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語（+其他）（S+V+O+C）用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的有：名詞、形容詞、非謂語動詞、介詞短語等TheynamedtheirbabyTom.Whatmadeyousointerestedinmusic?Themothertoldtheboynottoplayinthestreet.ThedooropenedandIfoundherlyinginbed.(六)表示“某處有某物”時(shí)，使用therebe句型表示“有”。Therebe句型中的主語是be后面的名詞，be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)就近原則，取決于靠近be動詞的第一個(gè)名詞的形式。There’saconcertatRadioBeijing.Therearemanyotherinterestingthingstodoinlife.隨堂練習(xí)一．判斷下列各句屬于A-F中的哪種句型A.主語+謂語B.主語+謂語+賓語+狀語C.主語+系動詞+表語D.主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語E.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語F.Therebe+主語+狀語1.Thereisgoingtobeaclassmeetingthisafternoon.2.Thebellisringing.3.Tombroughtmeanumbrellayesterday.4.Musicoftenmakesmehappy.5.Someoneinourclasslikessingingverymuch.6.Mysisterisveryoutgoingatschool.【答案】FADEBC二.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Myparentsboughtmeanewbikelastweek.(改為同義句)Myparentsboughtanewbikelastweek.

2.Weallagreethatweshouldmakeabetterplan.(改為同義句)Weallmakeabetterplan.

3.Thereissomeorangeinthebottle.(改為否定句)Thereorangeinthebottle.

4.Mr.BlackisgoodatChinese.(改為同義句)Mr.BlackwellChinese.

5.Englishismyfavouritesubject.(改為同義句)IEnglishofallmysubjects.

【答案】1.forme2.agreeto3.isn’tany4.doesin5.likebest四．簡單句+and/or/but+簡單句and:表示并列“又和而且”or:表示選擇，“或者，還是”but:表示轉(zhuǎn)折“但是”1.并列句有時(shí)之間不用并列連詞，但是用分號隔開，2.并列連詞之后的簡單句，與其前的簡單句有相同的部分時(shí)，相同部分可以省去Itisgettingdark,but_they’restillworkingwe’regoingtothestore,youcangowithusoryoucanmeetusthere.heisn’tgoodatplayingfootball,buthelikeswatchingfootballmatch.隨堂練習(xí)一．選用連詞and,but,or完成下列句子1.It’sanoldcar,itcanrunveryfast.

2.Iboughtabirthdaygiftforhershelikeditalot.

3.MaJunmaywinZhengXiaojunmaywin.Nooneknows.

4.—WhatcanIdothisafternoon,Mum?—Youcangoshoppingwithme,youcanstayathomebyyourself.

5.Saveadropofwatereveryday,wecanhelpmakeabetterfuture.

【答案】1.but2.and3.or4.or5.and 五.賓語從句置于動詞、介詞等后面起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。賓語從句的語序必須是陳述句語序。時(shí)態(tài)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定Irememberhegavemeabookyesterday.我記得他昨天給了我一本書。HesaysthathewillleaveforNewYorktomorrow.他說明天他將動身去紐約。主句為一般過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)(一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、過去完成時(shí))Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.他告訴我他將會參加跳高比賽。HeaskedmeifIhadtakenhissoap.他問我是否拿了他的肥皂。當(dāng)從句內(nèi)容為客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí),從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Hetoldmethattheearthgoesaroundthesun.(真理)他告訴我地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。語序賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序。把兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子連成一個(gè)含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句時(shí),要特別注意從句的語序,即按照主語、謂語的順序What’sKate’se-mailaddress?Doyouknow?→DoyouknowwhatKate’se-mailaddressis?你知道凱特的電子郵件地址嗎?引導(dǎo)詞(1)當(dāng)賓語從句是由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來時(shí),用that引導(dǎo)“Sheisagoodgirl,”theteachertoldus.→Theteachertoldus(that)shewasagoodgirl.老師告訴我們她是一個(gè)好女孩。(2)當(dāng)賓語從句是由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來時(shí),賓語從句用whether或if連接,句尾的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號取決于主句“AreyoufromJapan?”heaskedme.=Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasfromJapan.他問我是不是來自日本?！癉oyoulikewatchingTV?”heaskedme.=Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedwatchingTV.他問我是否喜歡看電視。(3)當(dāng)賓語從句是由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來時(shí),連接詞就用原來的特殊疑問詞,但從句一定要注意用陳述句語序WhendidheleaveforJapan?Couldyoutellme?=CouldyoutellmewhenheleftforJapan?你能告訴我他什么時(shí)候去的日本嗎?隨堂練習(xí)一．單項(xiàng)選擇1.—Iwonder.

—Someonewhocanmakemeabetterperson.A.whenyouoftenmeetyourfriends B.howyoumakeyourfriendshappyC.whoyouwanttomakefriendswith D.whereyouspendweekendswithfriends【答案】C【解析】句意:——我想知道你想跟誰做朋友。——能讓我成為更好的自己的人。本題考查賓語從句。答句中關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句,描述了某一類人,所以本題應(yīng)該是問哪一類人。故選C項(xiàng)。2.—Couldyoutellmetomorrow?

—Itwillbesunny.A.whatwilltheweatherbelike B.whattheweatherwillbelikeC.whenwilltheweatherbesunny D.whentheweatherwillbesunny【答案】B【解析】句意:——你能告訴我明天天氣怎么樣嗎?——將會是晴天。本題考查賓語從句。時(shí)間狀語為tomorrow,應(yīng)該用一般將來時(shí),賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述句語序,故選B。3.—HaveyoudecidedtheExpo2019Beijing?

—Thissummerholiday.A.howareyougoingto B.howyouaregoingtoC.whenareyougoingto D.whenyouaregoingto【答案】D【解析】句意:——你決定什么時(shí)候去2019年北京世博會了嗎?——今年暑假。本題考查賓語從句。根據(jù)答語可知,對方問的是時(shí)間,所以可排除A和B。C選項(xiàng)沒有用陳述句語序,也可以被排除,故選D。4.—Doyouknow?

—Yes,we’lltakeabusthere.A.whenwewillgotothemuseumtomorrowB.whenwillwegotothemuseumtomorrowC.howwewillgotothemuseumtomorrowD.howwillwegotothemuseumtomorrow【答案】C【解析】句意:——你知道我們明天怎么去博物館嗎?——知道,我們將坐公交車去那兒。本題考查賓語從句。根據(jù)答語可知問的是方式,因此可排除A、B選項(xiàng)。再根據(jù)賓語從句要用陳述句語序可知此題應(yīng)選C。5.—Alice,couldyoutellmeLondon?

—Sure.LastSunday.A.whenMr.Smithleft B.whenMr.SmithwillleaveC.whendidMr.Smithleave D.whenwillMr.Smithleave【答案】A【解析】句意:——Alice,你可以告訴我史密斯先生什么時(shí)候離開倫敦的嗎?——當(dāng)然可以,上周日。此題考查賓語從句。賓語從句要用陳述句語序,由答句中的LastSunday可知此處應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí),故選擇A。二．用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.IthoughtJim(buy)thebook.

2.Hesayshe(be)borninJinan.3.Tomtoldmethere(be)twelvemonthsinayear.

4.Petersaysthathe(go)therelastnight.

5.Maryhearsthatwe(have)anEnglishtestnextweek.

【答案】1.wouldbuy2.was3.are4.went5.willhave三．把下列兩句合并為一句1.Themanisright.Ithink.Ithink.

2.Iwillbeascientist.Ihope.Ihope.

3.Heisdoinghishomework.Heexplains.Heexplains.

4.“Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomework.”saysTom.Tomsays.

5.“Themoongoesaroundtheearth.”Theteachersaid.Theteachersaid.

【答案】1.themanisright2.Iwillbeascientist3.thatheisdoinghishomework4.hehasn’tfinishedhishomework5.thatthemoongoesaroundtheearth四．用whether或if填空。1．Idon’tknow______ornotyouwillgo.2．______youhavemetGeorgebefore,Ican’tremember.3．I’mthinkingabout______we’llhaveameeting.4．Thequestionis_