2025屆高考英語閱讀理解長難句精讀與概要寫作專練passage4

PAGEPAGE1Passage4AutonomousDriving:WhoseLiability？1Thismonth,Germany’stransportminister,AlexanderDobrindt,proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles.2Theywoulddefinethedriver’sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.3Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.4Dobrindtwantsthreethings:thatacaralwayschoosespropertydamageoverpersonalinjury;thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbasedonageorrace;andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel—tocheckemail,say—thecar’smakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash.5“Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving,”saysDobrindt.6Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers,hesays.7Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumersandlawyers.8“Theliabilityissueisthebiggestoneofthemall,”saysNatashaMeratattheUniversityofLeeds,UK.8AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars,introducedearlierthisyear,insiststhatahuman“bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroad”ateverymoment.9Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.10“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’,peopleexpectdriverlesscars.”Meratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”11Becauseoftheconfusion,Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyautomatedwithoutoperation.12Driverlesscarsmayendupbeingaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown,saysRyanCaloatStanfordUniversity,California.13ThatishappeningintheUKandSingapore,wheregovernment-provideddriverlessvehiclesarebeinglaunched.14ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS,however.15“Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere,”saysCalo.一．單詞和短語Wordsandexpressionsautonomous/???t?n?m?s/adj.自治的；自主的*liability/la???b?l?t?/n.責(zé)任；債務(wù)；propose/pr??p??z/vi&vt.建議；提議*deathvalley死谷semi-autonomous半自治的confusion/k?n?fju??n/n.混亂;混淆;困惑*automate/???t?me?t/vt.使自動(dòng)化;使自動(dòng)操作publicgood公益事業(yè)getnowhere一事無成；無進(jìn)展proposal

/pr??p??zl/n.建議；提議；求婚PAGE4二．參考譯文Translation自動(dòng)駕駛：誰該負(fù)責(zé)任？1本月，德國交通部長亞歷山大.多布林德提出了第一套自動(dòng)駕駛車輛法規(guī)。2它們將確定駕駛員在此類汽車中的角色，并監(jiān)管此類汽車在可能致命的碰撞中的表現(xiàn)。3該提案試圖解決一些人稱之為自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的“死亡谷”的問題：半自動(dòng)駕駛汽車和完全無人駕駛汽車之間的灰色區(qū)域（這個(gè)灰色區(qū)域可能會(huì)推遲無人駕駛時(shí)代的到來）。4多布林德想要的是三件事：汽車恒久選擇財(cái)物損害，而不是人身損害;汽車恒久不會(huì)依據(jù)年齡或種族區(qū)分人類;并且，假如一個(gè)人將他或她的手從方向盤上移開——比如說，要查看電子郵件——假如發(fā)生車禍，汽車制造商應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)。5“道路交通法的變更將使全自動(dòng)駕駛成為可能，”多布林德說。6他說，這將使完全無人駕駛的汽車與人類司機(jī)處于同等的法律基礎(chǔ)之上。7汽車制造商，消費(fèi)者和律師都不清晰誰該對(duì)此類車輛的操控負(fù)責(zé)任。7“法律責(zé)任問題是其中最重要的問題，”英國利茲高校的娜塔莎.梅拉特說。8今年早些時(shí)候提出的基于無人駕駛車輛英國保險(xiǎn)條款的假設(shè)堅(jiān)持主見人應(yīng)當(dāng)在任何時(shí)刻都要“關(guān)注并監(jiān)視路況”。9但是，當(dāng)無人駕駛車輛出現(xiàn)在頭腦中的時(shí)候，許多人想的不是這樣的。10“當(dāng)談到’無人駕駛車輛’時(shí)，人們期盼的是無人駕駛車輛。”梅拉特說。“你知道的——沒有駕駛員。”11由于這種混淆，梅拉特認(rèn)為一些汽車制造商要等到汽車可以完全不須要人操作。12加州斯坦福高校的雷恩.卡羅說，無人駕駛汽車最終可能成為一種公共交通工具，而不是私家車。13這種狀況發(fā)生在英國和新加坡，那里正在推出政府供應(yīng)的無人駕駛車輛。14然而，在美國，這個(gè)想法很難被人接受。15“政府將接管無人駕駛汽車并將其當(dāng)作公共福利的想法在這里是行不通的，”卡羅說。三．理解Comprehension1.Whatdoesthephrase“deathvalley”inParagraph2referto？A.Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.B.Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible.C.Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D.Asituationwheredrivers’roleisnotclear.2.TheproposalputforwardbyDobrindtaimsto__________.A.stoppeoplefrombreakingtrafficrulesB.helppromotefullyautomaticdrivingC.protectdriversofallagesandracesD.preventseriouspropertydamage3.Whatdoconsumersthinkoftheoperationofdriverlesscars？A.Itshouldgettheattentionofinsurancecompanies.B.Itshouldbethemainconcernoflawmakers.C.Itshouldnotcausedeadlytraf