【最高考】2021高考英語(江蘇)語法精講+精練：專題九-名詞性從句?？键c(diǎn)

專題九名詞性從句?？键c(diǎn)在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫作名詞性從句。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和表語從句。名詞性從句是英語中的一個(gè)重要語法項(xiàng)目，在歷年的高考中幾乎都涉及到。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞that，whether，if(不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分)；連接代詞what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which；連接副詞when，where，how，why。eq\a\vs4\al(1)Itis...和Thereis...Itis...句型中it為形式主語，真正的主語為動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句，而Thereis意為“有……”，有時(shí)be也可以用exist，remain等替代。用it，there填空：①________isapitythathewasabsent.②________isafactthathehasliedtoyou.③________isnowonderthatheissoexcited.④________isnoneedtoworryaboutit.⑤________isnosense/point(in)arguingwithhim.⑥________isnodoubtthathehasgone.【答案】①It②It③It④There⑤There⑥Thereeq\a\vs4\al(2)從句作主語時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞形式主語從句作主語相當(dāng)于第三人稱單數(shù)作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；假如由and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Thatthepresidentiscoming________(excite)allofus.②Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren________(have)astronginfluenceontheircharacter.③Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheld____________(notdecide)yet.【答案】①excites②has③isn'tdecided/hasn'tbeendecidedeq\a\vs4\al(3)賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)要留意呼應(yīng)。當(dāng)主句中的謂語是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句依據(jù)自身的句子狀況，而使用不同的時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)主句中的謂語是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)(如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等)；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理、科學(xué)真理、自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。賓語從句語序要用陳述語序(whatis/wasthematter除外)。①Thephotographswillshowyou________．A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike②Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee________．A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis③Hello，Ididn'tknowyou________(be)inLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?④Ithoughthe________(be)comingtomorrow.⑤Theteachertoldusthatlight________(travel)ataveryhighspeed.【答案】①B②D③were④was⑤travelseq\a\vs4\al(4)表語從句中的常見句型常用的句型有：Thereasonisthat...；Itisbecause...；That'swhy...；That'swhere...。完成下列句子：①Thereason________heisabsentfromschoolis________heisill.＝Heisill.That's________heisabsentfromschool.＝Heisabsentfromschool.That's________heisill.②Thereason________hegavewas________hewascaughtinthetrafficjam.③That's________Idisagree/theproblemlies/Ihavedoubt/youaremistaken.That's________Idisagreeabout/theproblemliesin/Ihavedoubtabout/youaremistakenabout.【答案】①why；that；why；because②which；that/不填③where；whateq\a\vs4\al(5)同位語從句和定語從句的辨別同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。連接詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，應(yīng)在某些抽象名詞之后，如：fact，hope，story，thought，suggestion，idea，news，possibility，feeling，doubt，truth，wish，word(消息)，request，information，order，message等，對(duì)前面的名詞起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。定語從句中的that是關(guān)系代詞，既起引導(dǎo)從句的作用，同時(shí)又在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語，而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。完成下列句子：①Thenews________hetoldusexcitedus.Thenews________ourteamwonthegameexcitedus.②Thefact________hecollectedwassurprising.Thefact________hesaidnothingwassurprising.③Thereisachance/possibility________hewilllosethegame.＝________arethathewilllosethegame.④Informationhasbeenputforward________moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.【答案】①that/which/不填；that②that/which/不填；that③that；Chances④thateq\a\vs4\al(6)what和that的用法①what可引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句，并且替代名詞性從句中所缺的主語、賓語或表語(尤其留意what引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞賓語)，相當(dāng)于“名詞或代詞＋that/which”；另外，what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。②that在名詞性從句中只引導(dǎo)從句，不充當(dāng)成分。如：Thathesaidnothingatthemeetingsurprisedus.[注]介詞后不接that從句，除了inthat...和exceptthat...。that引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)以上的賓語從句，第一個(gè)that可省略，其后的that都不行省略。that引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時(shí)，that不行省略。完成下列句子：①Theschoolisnolonger________itusedtobe.＝Theschoolisnolongertheone________itusedtobe.②Finallyhetolduseverything________hehadseen.＝Finallyhetoldus________hehadseen.③Theyarrivedin________wasonceaschool.＝Theyarriveintheplace________wasonceaschool.④Don'tcare________othersthinkaboutyou.⑤Doyouknow________theydowithwastepaper?【答案】①what；that②that；what③what；that/which④what⑤whateq\a\vs4\al(7)whether和if的區(qū)分以及whether和that的區(qū)分1.if和whether都可譯為“是否”，兩者引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)通?？梢韵嗷ヌ鎿Q。而以下幾種狀況中，只能用whether，不能用if：①?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)兩方面的選擇，特殊是句中有ornot時(shí)。如：Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.②賓語從句前置時(shí)。如：Whetherthisistrue，Ican'tsay.③引導(dǎo)主語、表語、同位語從句時(shí)。如：Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.(主語從句)Thequestioniswhetherhecandoit.(表語從句)Thequestionwhetherweshouldgowiththemmustbedecidedatonce.(同位語從句)④在介詞之后作賓語時(shí)。如：Ihaven'tsettledthequestionofwhetherI'llgobackhome.Whetherwewillgotheredependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.⑤在不定式前與不定式一起組成短語時(shí)。如：Whethertogoorstayisstillaquestion.[注]if可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，有“假如；假如”之意，而whether可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，有“不管；無論”之意。如：Ifyouaskhim，hewillhelpyou.Whetherhecomesornot，wewillbeginourpartyontime.2.whether和that的區(qū)分：that表示事實(shí)，而whether表示疑問。完成下列句子：①________theyaretwinsisclear.________theyaretwinsisnotclear.②Thereisaquestion/anargument________wehaveenoughtimetodoit.③Theproblemis________heispooratEnglish.Theproblemis________hecanimprovehisEnglish.【答案】①That；Whether②whether③that；how/whethereq\a\vs4\al(8)“疑問詞＋ever”和“nomatter＋疑問詞”的區(qū)分“疑問詞＋ever”既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在主句中充當(dāng)肯定的成分，又可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；但是“nomatter＋疑問詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。完成下列句子：①________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.________leavestheroomlast，heoughttoturnoffthelights.②Hewouldn'tlistento________Isaid.________Isaid，hewouldn'tlistentome.③Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof________sharesherinterest.________comes，youmustn'topenthedoor.④Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoose________suitsyoubest.【答案】①Whoever；Whoever/Nomatterwho②whatever；Whatever/Nomatterwhat③whoever；Whoever/Nomatterwho④whichevereq\a\vs4\al(9)who和whoever的區(qū)分who表示疑問；而whoever與anyonewho同義。用who，whoever填空：①________hasstolenthemoneyhasn'tbeenfoundoutyet.②________hasstolenthemoneyshouldbepunished.③Iwillspareaticketforthenewly－madefilmto________desirestogetit.【答案】①Who②Whoever③whoevereq\a\vs4\al(10)“眾所周知”的幾種表達(dá)“眾所周知”可以用主語從句、表語從句和非限制性定語從句來表示。完成下列句子：①________isknowntousallthatChinaisadevelopingcountry.②________isknowntousallisthatChinaisadevelopingcountry.③________isknowntousall，Chinaisadevelopingcountry.④________weallknow，Chinaisadevelopingcountry.【答案】①It②What③As④As1.(2022·陜西卷)________thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.A.WhyB.WhenC.ThatD.What2.(2022·江蘇卷)—Whatamess!Youarealwayssolazy!—I'mnottoblame,Mum.Iam________youhavemademe.A.howB.whatC.thatD.who3.(2022·山東卷)Itisdifficultforustoimagine________lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.A.whereB.whatC.whichD.why4.(2022·湖南卷)AsJohnLennononcesaid，lifeis________happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where5.(2022·大綱卷)Exactly________thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.A.whetherB.whyC.whenD.how6.(2021·浙江卷)Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief________youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.A.howB.thatC.whichD.whether7.(2021·安徽卷)Fromspace，theearthlooksblue.Thisis________aboutseventy－onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.A.whyB.howC.becauseD.whether8.(2021·陜西卷)Itremainstobeseen________thenewlyformedcommittee'spolicycanbeputintopractice.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether9.(2021·天津卷)________IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhetherD.What10.(2022·江蘇卷)Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon________themeetingwouldbepostponed.A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how【答案】1.B2.B3.B4.C5.C6.B7.C8.D9.D10.B1.Whereandwhenwewillbuildthenewfactory________yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided2.Sheispleasedwith________youhavegivenherandall________youhavetold.A.that；thatB.what；whichC.what；thatD.all；what3.Pleaseputthemedicineonthetopoftheshelf.It's________ourchildrencan'treachit.A.whatB.thatC.whereD.how4.—Wouldyoutellme________youwantyourtea，withsugarormilk?—Sugar，please.A.whetherB.whenC.whatD.how5.Theprofessorintheenddecidedtogivetheprizeto________hasacommandofEnglish.A.whoB.anyoneC.whoeverD.whomever6.Asanewgraduate，hedoesn'tknow________ittakestostartabusinesshere.A.howB.whatC.whenD.which7.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas________wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.A.whereB.howC.whenD.why8.Weshouldalsocareaboutthechildrenfromtheearthquake－strickenareaafter________seemedtohavereturnedtonormal.A.itB.whatC.thatD.which9.Iwassurprisedbyherwords，whichmademerecognize________sillymistakesIhadmade.A.whatB.thatC.howD.which10.Thetraditionalviewis________wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.A.thatB.whyC.whenD.whether11.—It'sthirtyyearssincewelastmet.—ButIstillrememberthestory，believeitornot，________wegotlostonarainynight.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when12.Withhisworkcompleted，thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat，feelingpleased________hewasamanofaction.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.which13.Thereisasign________theChinesefoodisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.A.whenB.thatC.ifD.which14.________isreportedinthenewspapers，talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What15.Whileyou'vemadesomemistakes，Ibelieve________you'vedoneyourbestand________thingswillimprove.A.that；/B./；thatC.that；whichD.if；that16.Thequestioncameattheconference________weshoulddowiththesluggishmarket.A.whichB.whereC.howD.what17.It'snoneofyourbusiness________otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.A.howB.whatC.whichD.when18.Itseemsthatwevalue________wearetryingtogetmorethan________wepossessrightnow.A.what；whatB.what；thatC.that；thatD.that；what19.Duringthesummerholidays，wepaidavisitto________wasonceourprimaryschool________theworkersuseasastore.A.what；thatB.where；whichC.where；thatD.which；where20.Ourcityisnolonger________itwastenyearsago，________itwasquitedirtyandnoisy.A.what；whichB.that；whichC.what；whenD.that；where21.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim________hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.A.whetherB.whereC.whichD.that22.Itisuncertain________sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.A.thatB.whatC.howD.whether23.Imadeapromisetomyself________thisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.