2022高考英語閱讀理解一輪精煉(14)及解析

2022高考英語閱讀理解一輪精煉（14）及解析A[2022·甘肅省部分示范校高三班級調(diào)研考試]Travellerstodevelopingcountriesshouldstartwithlong-termbasichealthprotection.Thismeansvaccinations(疫苗接種)againstpolio,tetanusandhepatitisA.Othervaccinationswilldependonwhereyouaregoing,localconditionsandyourpossibleenvironment.VisitorstoYellowFeverareassuchasWestAfricashouldcertainlybevaccinatedagainstit.Checklinksforthelatestnewsanddon'tforgetyourtravelinsurance.It'sreallyworththemoney.Water：Indevelopingcountriesavoiddrinkingorevenbrushingyourteethwithtapwater.Drinkbottledwaterandcheckthatthecapiswellsealed(封閉)whenyoubuyit.Turningitupsidedownandwatchingfordropsisonemethodofchecking.Ifyoucan'tbuyit,purifyitbyboiling.Donottakeiceinyourdrinks,unlessitisfrozenmineralwater.Tea,coffee，andsoftdrinksarefinefromthebacteriapointofview,thoughnotsofinefromathirstpointofview.Don'tsharewaterbottleswithothertravellersunlessyouwanttosharetheirbacteriatoo.Waterfilters(過濾器)areOKintheorybutcanbreakeasilyandusuallydon'tfiltersomeseriousbacteria,suchashepatitisAandE.Forceyourselftodrinkcleanwater,lotsofit,ifyouwanttoavoidheadachesandtirednessfromathirst.Waterrequirementsathomeare6glassesperday,soincreasethatfigurebyatleast3timesintropicalenvironment.Food：Avoidicecreamfromunhealthysources,rawfish,saladanduncookedfood—unlessyoucanpeelityourself.Mostcasesofdiseasescomefromuncleanfood,notuncleanwater.Eatwhereit'sbusy.Thismeansthatthefoodisgoodorcheaporsafetoeat!1．Whenyouplantotraveltodevelopingcountriesyoushouldfirst________.A．choosecountrieswhereyouwillfeelitconvenienttotravelB．makeagoodpreparationtoavoidbeingharmedorinjuredC．considertakingasmuchhealthyfoodandcleanwateraspossibleD．checklinksforthelatestnewsandbuyyourtravelinsurance2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEabouttravelingindevelopingcountries?A.Saladisakindofgoodfoodtoeatwhenyouarehungry.B.You'dbetterchooseabusyrestauranttoeatin.C.Softdrinks,coffeeandteaaresuitabletodrink.D.Drinkingmorewaterisreasonablewheninahotcountrythanathome.3．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanyoureadthispassage?A.Education. B.Sports.C.InternationalNews. D.Health&Travel.[文章大意]文章就到進展中國家旅游給出了一些關(guān)于飲食健康方面的建議。1．B。細節(jié)理解題。從文章的第一句話“Travellerstodevelopingcountriesshouldstartwithlong-termbasichealthprotection.”可知，答案為B。2．A。細節(jié)理解題。Food部分的第一句中的“Avoidicecreamfromunhealthysources,rawfish,saladanduncookedfood”可知，應(yīng)避開食用色拉。3．D。文章出處題。從文章的內(nèi)容可以看出其主題是旅游時的健康問題，所以D項正確。B[2021·江西高考]Manypeoplethinkthatlisteningisapassivebusiness.Itisjusttheopposite.Listeningwellisanactiveexerciseofourattentionandhardwork.Itisbecausetheydonotrealizethis,orbecausetheyarenotwillingtodothework,thatmostpeopledonotlistenwell.Listeningwellalsorequirestotalconcentrationuponsomeoneelse.Anessentialpartoflisteningwellistheruleknownas“bracketing”.Bracketingincludesthetemporarygivinguporsettingasideofyourownprejudicesanddesires,toexperienceasfaraspossiblesomeoneelse'sworldfromtheinside,stepping_into_his_or_her_shoes.Moreover,sincelisteningwellinvolvesbracketing,italsoinvolvesatemporaryacceptanceoftheotherperson.Sensingthisacceptance,thespeakerwillseemquitewillingtoopenuptheinnerpartofhisorhermindtothelistener.Truecommunicationisunderway.Theenergyrequiredforlisteningwellissogreatthatitcanbeaccomplishedonlybythewilltoextendoneselfformutualgrowth.Mostofthetimewelackthisenergy.Eventhoughwemayfeelinourbusinessdealingsorsocialrelationshipsthatwearelisteningwell,whatweareusuallydoingislisteningselectively.Oftenwehaveapreparedlistinmindandwonder,aswelisten,howwecanachievecertaindesiredresultstogettheconversationoverasquicklyaspossibleorredirectedinwaysmoresatisfactorytous.Manyofusarefarmoreinterestedintalkingthaninlistening,orwesimplyrefusetolistentowhatwedon'twanttohear.Itwasn'tuntiltowardtheendofmydoctorcareerthatIhavefoundtheknowledgethatoneisbeingtrulylistenedtoisfrequentlytherapeutic(有療效的).InaboutaquarterofthepatientsIsaw,surprisingimprovementwasshownduringthefirstfewmonthsofthepsychotherapy(心理療法),beforeanyoftherootsofproblemshadbeenuncoveredorexplained.Thereareseveralreasonsforthisphenomenon,butchiefamongthem,Ibelieve,wasthepatient'ssensethatheorshewasbeingtrulylistenedto,oftenforthefirsttimeinyears,andforsome,perhapsforthefirsttimeever.4.Thephrase“steppingintohisorhershoes”inParagraph2probablymeans________.A.preparingatopiclistfirstB.focusingonone'sownmindC.directingthetalktothedesiredresultsD.experiencingthespeaker'sinsideworld5.WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph2?A.Howtolistenwell.B.Whattolistento.C.Benefitsoflistening.D.Problemsinlistening.6.Accordingtotheauthor,incommunicationpeopletendto________.A.listenactivelyB.listenpurposefullyC.setasidetheirprejudicesD.openuptheirinnermind7.Accordingtotheauthor,thepatientsimprovedmainlybecause________.A.theyweretakengoodcareofB.theyknewtheyweretrulylistenedtoC.theyhadpartnerstotalktoD.theyknewtherootsofproblems8.Whattypeofwritingisthearticlelikelytobe?A.Sciencefiction. B.Anewsreport.C.Amedicalreports. D.Popularscience.[文章大意]本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是認(rèn)真傾聽別人的好處以及如何認(rèn)真傾聽別人，并且作者發(fā)覺認(rèn)真傾聽病人對他們的病也有確定的療效。[長難句解讀]Eventhoughwemayfeelinourbusinessdealingsorsocialrelationshipsthatwearelisteningwell,whatweareusuallydoingislisteningselectively.分析：本句為主從復(fù)合句。主句是whatweareusuallydoingislisteningselectively，主句中的主語是主語從句whatweareusuallydoing；Eventhough引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句，從句中又包含一個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。譯文：即使我們可能在商業(yè)交易或者社會交往中覺得自己在認(rèn)真地傾聽別人，但我們通常做的事情是有選擇地傾聽別人。4.D?？疾榫湟饫斫狻纳衔闹械摹皌oexperienceasfaraspossiblesomeoneelse'sworldfromtheinside”可知，畫線部分指的是要理解說話者的內(nèi)心世界。所以選D項。5.A?？疾槎温浯笠狻钠浯味沃械摹癓isteningwellalsorequirestotalconcentrationuponsomeoneelse.”及“Bracketing”，“Moreover”等關(guān)鍵信息可知，本段主要講的是如何認(rèn)真傾聽，故選A項。6.B。考查細節(jié)理解。從第三段中的“Eventhoughwemayfeelinourbusinessdealingsorsocialrelationshipsthatwearelisteningwell,whatweareusuallydoingislisteningselectively.”可知，在溝通中，人們總是有選擇、有目的地聽別人講話。所以選B項。7.B。考查細節(jié)理解。從最終一段中的“butchiefamongthem，Ibelieve，wasthepatient'ssensethatheorshewasbeingtrulylistenedto,oftenforthefirsttimeinyears，andforsome，perhapsforthefirsttimeever”可知，作者認(rèn)為，病人好轉(zhuǎn)的主要緣由是：有人真正傾聽他們。所以選B項。8.D?？疾橥评硗茢?。本文主要講的是認(rèn)真傾聽別人的好處，如何認(rèn)真傾聽別人及認(rèn)真傾聽對病人的作用。這是有關(guān)科學(xué)的內(nèi)容。因此可以得知本文可能是科普文。所以選D項。C[2022·山西省高三班級四校聯(lián)考]Researchsuggeststhatifawomanrunsherhouseholdwithoutanyhelp,shehaslessinterestinscalingthecareerladder.Butthereasonforthisisnotquitewhatyoumightexpect,suchasbeingtootired.Accordingtoexperts,thesatisfactionofbeinginchargeofday-to-daydomestictasksleavesmotherswithlessofathirstforsuccessatwork.Ifshewereindeedto“haveitall”—afamilylife,alovelifeandacareer—shewouldneedtobepreparedtocarveupsomeofthehomedecisionswithherspouse,astudysuggests.Thestudyasked136menandwomenaged18to30whetherbeingincontrolofhouseholddecisionsissomethingtheydesire.Bothsexesagreedthatbeinginchargeisanadvantage.Then,150womenwereaskedtoimaginebeingamarriedmotherandeithermakingmostofthehouseholddecisionsormakingthemjointlywithherhusband.Thosewhohadimaginedbeingincontrolathomeplacedlessvalueonthingssuchasearningahighsalarythanthosewhohadimaginedsharingtherunningofthehousehold.Then,almost650menandwomenwereaskedtoimagineoneofthesametwoscenesbutwithdivisionofhouseholdchores.Themen'sinterestinworkwasnotaffectedbythoughtsofbeinginchargeathome.Andifawomanimaginedhavingtodoallthechores,withoutmakingthedecisionsathome,shewasstillhungryforpowerintheworkplace.ResearcherProfessorSerenaChensaid，“Thissuggestsitisthepoweraspectofhouseholdcontrolthatreduceswomen'sinterestinpoweroutsideofthehome.Torealisetruegenderequalityinbothprivateandpublicfields,ourresultssuggestwomenmayneedtoatleastpartiallygiveuptheroleofhouseholddirectorsandmenmustsharesuchdecision-making.”1．Whatcouldbelearnedfromthetext?A.Womenarefondofdoinghouseholdtasks.B.Womenhavenointerestintheofficework.C.Womencandowellathomeorbeyondiftheysharehouseholddecisionswithmen.D.Womencandowellathomeaswellasintheworkplace.2．Whatleaveswomenwithlessofathirstforasuccessfulcareer?A.Pressurefromhouseholdtasks.B.Lackofworkingexperience.C.Poorphysicalandmentalstate.D.Satisfactionofbeinginchargeofhouseholdtasks.3．ProfessorSerenaChensuggestedthat________.A.itwashardtorealizetruegenderequalityB.menmustworkashouseholddirectorsC.menandwomenshouldsharehouseholddecisionsD.womenshouldbeaswiseasmen4．Whowouldbemostinterestedinthetext?A.Researchers. B.Breadwinners.C.Employers. D.Workingmothers.[文章大意]女性假如想在事業(yè)上有所建樹，她們就得把管理家庭事務(wù)的權(quán)力放一放。1．C。考查文意理解。從全文對爭辯內(nèi)容和結(jié)果的論述可知，妻子想在事業(yè)上成功，她就得和丈夫共同決策家庭事務(wù)。其次段最終一句也有明確提示。2．D。考查細節(jié)理解。從其次段中信息“thesatisfactionofbeinginchargeofday-to-daydomestictasksleavesmotherswithlessofathirstforsuccessatwork”可知，女性從掌管家庭事務(wù)中獲得的滿足感導(dǎo)致她們對成功事業(yè)的渴望削減。3．C?？疾榧毠?jié)理解。從最終一段中的“Torealisetruegenderequalityinbothprivateandpublicfields,ourresultssuggestwomenmayneedtoatleastpartiallygiveuptheroleofhouseholddirectorsandmenmustsharesuchdecision-making.”可知，ProfessorSerenaChen認(rèn)為夫妻應(yīng)當(dāng)共享家庭決策權(quán)。4．D?？疾橥评硗茢?。文章爭辯婦女怎樣才能在事業(yè)上成功，因此對該文章最感愛好的應(yīng)當(dāng)是職業(yè)媽媽，所以D項正確。D[2022·河南省一般高中高三畢業(yè)班適應(yīng)性測試]TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculturehasaprogramcalledWildlifeServices.Itsjobistohelpprotectagriculturalandotherresourcesfromthreatsanddamagebywildlife.Oftenthatmeanshelpingfarmersdealwithunwelcomevisitors.Thisorganizationhasexpertsfromdifferentfieldsandithassetupthousandsofinquiryagenciesalloverthecountrywherefarmerscanexplaintheirdifficultyandgetpracticalhelp.OneexamplefromWildlifeServicesofitsworkinvolvedafarmerinWashingtonState,inthePacificNorthwest.Severalyearsago,thousandsofCanadageeselandedonhisfields.Thegeesebegantoeathiscarrotcrop.Biologistsfromtheprogramsuggestedthatthefarmerusenoise-makingdevicesandothermeasurestoscarethelargebirdsaway.Theseeffortsapparentlysucceeded,whichmadethefarmerquitehappy.WildlifeServicesalsohasalivestock(牲畜)protectionprogram.Theprogramjustofferssuggestionstokeepthoseunwelcomevisitorsawayinsteadofkillingthem.Expertssuggestprovidingsecureshelterforchickens,sheepandotheranimalsthatcouldbeattacked.Theyalsosuggestusinglightsaboveplaceswhereanimalsarekept.Andtheyadvisepeoplewhoseecoyotesaroundtheirpropertytochasethemawaybyshouting,makingloudnoisesorthrowingrocks.Forhomegardeners,atwo-meterfencemighthelpkeepoutdeer.Tokeepoutrabbits,awirefencehastobeonlyaboutahalf-meterhigh.Itshouldextendfifteencentimetersundergroundtokeeprabbitsfromdiggingunderit.Ifsnakesareaproblem,removedeadtreesandcuthighgrasstodestroytheirhidingplaces.Andtoprotectlivestock,considerusingguardanimalssuchasdogsanddonkeys,whichareveryeffective.Duetoitseffectivework,eversincetheWildlifeServiceswasstarted,ithasbeenwellreceivedbyfarmersallovertheStatesandneighboringcountriessuchasCanadaandMexico.1.Theunderlinedphrase“unwelcomevisitors”inthefirstparagraphrefersto________.A.animalsthatattackthefarmersB.peoplewhodon'tcareaboutwildlifeC.animalsthatdoharmtothecropsorlivestockD.peoplewhopollutetheenvironme