2022高考英語(yǔ)人教新課標(biāo)一輪復(fù)習(xí)必修5Unit1練習(xí)及答案(基礎(chǔ))

2022高考英語(yǔ)人教新課標(biāo)一輪復(fù)習(xí)必修5Unit1練習(xí)及答案（基礎(chǔ)）高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit1GreatScientists練習(xí)新人教版必修5Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法單句填空1．(2011·四川改編)—Ihopetotakethecomputercourse.—Goodidea.________(find)outmoreaboutit,visitthiswebsite.答案：Tofind本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：——我期望能上電腦課?！梅椒?。要想了解更多，掃瞄這個(gè)網(wǎng)站。動(dòng)詞不定式放于句首，作目的狀語(yǔ)，符合語(yǔ)境。2．________73-year-oldwoman,whodiedofrespiratoryfailureonDec.6,wasconfirmedtohavebeencarrying________H10N8virus.答案：A;the考查冠詞。句意：12月6日，一位73歲的婦女死于呼吸衰竭，她被確診攜帶H10N8病毒。第一空填不定冠詞表泛指；其次空填定冠詞表特指。3．Becarefulwhenyoudealwiththischemical,asitwillexplodewhen________(expose)tosunlight.答案：exposed考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：處理該化學(xué)物質(zhì)時(shí)確定要當(dāng)心，由于暴露在陽(yáng)光下，它會(huì)爆炸。when后省略了句子的主語(yǔ)it(thischemical)和動(dòng)詞be的形式is，所以選D項(xiàng)。4．Someschoolteacherscomplained,“Manykidshaven'tgotanyhobbies—________youcallplayingcomputergamesahobby.”答案：unless考查連詞。句意：一些老師埋怨說(shuō)“很多孩子沒(méi)有任何愛(ài)好，除非你把打電腦玩耍叫做一項(xiàng)愛(ài)好”。5．Tobehonest,nospeech________(make)sofarhashadthesameeffectonmeasthisone.答案：made考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做后置定語(yǔ)。觀看句子結(jié)構(gòu)，不難發(fā)覺(jué)句子已經(jīng)有了謂語(yǔ)hashadeffecton，故應(yīng)填入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。make與speech構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)sofar，故選過(guò)去分詞，即表被動(dòng)又表完成。句意：狡猾說(shuō)，迄今為止，這是對(duì)我最有影響的演講。6．Landusedtogrowcropsfeedsfivetimesmorepeoplethanland________animalsarekept.答案：where考查同學(xué)對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的把握狀況。句意：用來(lái)種莊稼的土地養(yǎng)活的人口數(shù)量比放牧牲口的土地所供應(yīng)的人口數(shù)量要多五倍。先行詞為land，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故選關(guān)系副詞where。7．(2022·陜西改編)Pleasesendusalltheinformation________youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.答案：that本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：請(qǐng)把全部申請(qǐng)這個(gè)職位的選手的信息發(fā)給我們。先行詞為information在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞have的賓語(yǔ)，且前有all修飾，故只能用that。8．Whenhecamebackthreehourslater,theywerestillsittingonthesofa,________(absorb)inconversation.答案：absorbed考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)他三個(gè)小時(shí)后回來(lái)時(shí)，他們?nèi)宰谏嘲l(fā)上，聚精會(huì)神地交談。beabsorbedin為固定搭配，意為“認(rèn)真于”，所以此處應(yīng)用absorb的過(guò)去分詞形式，作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。9．—Whois________(blame)fortheshootingatamovietheatreinAmerica?—AgunmannamedJamesEaganHolmes.答案：toblame問(wèn)句句意：誰(shuí)要為發(fā)生在美國(guó)電影院的槍擊案負(fù)責(zé)？betoblame為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“該受責(zé)怪”。本身為被動(dòng)含義，不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。10．(2022·大連一中第三次月考)________(reduce)thegapbetweentherichandthepoorisoneofthemainchallengesfacingthegovernment.答案：Reducing句意：縮小貧富之間的差距是這屆政府面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)之一。Ⅱ.閱讀理解(2022·合肥市第一次質(zhì)檢)Forthefirsttime,researchershavediscoveredthatsomeplantscankillinsectsinordertogetadditionalnutrients.Newresearchshowsthattheycatchandkillsmallinsectswiththeirownstickyhairsneartherootsandthenabsorbnutrientsthroughtheirrootswhentheinsectsarekilledandfalltotheground.ProfessorMarkChase,ofKewandQueenMary,UniversityofLondon,said:“Thecultivated(改良的)tomatoesandpotatoesstillhavethehairs.Tomatoesinparticulararecoveredwiththesestickyhairs.Theydotrapsmallinsectsonaregularbasis.Theydokillinsects.”Thenumberofthesecarnivorousplantsisthoughttohavecomeupto50percentandmanyofthemhaveuntilnowbeenwronglyregardedasamongthemostharmlessplants.Amongthemarespeciesofpetunia(矮牽牛),somespecialtobaccoplantsandcabbages,somevarietiesofpotatoesandtomatoes,etc.ResearchersatRoyalBotanicalGardensKew,whichcarriedoutthestudy,nowbelievetherearehundredsmorekillerplantsthanpreviouslyrealized.Itisthoughtthatthetechniquewasdevelopedinthewildtogetnecessarynutrientsinpoorqualitysoil—andevenvariousplantsgrowninyourvegetablegardenstillhavetheability.Theresearchers,publishingtheirfindingintheBotanicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety,said:“Wemaybesurroundedbymanymoremurderousplantsthanwethink.”“Weareaccustomedtothinkingofplantsasbeingimmobileandharmless,andthereissomethingdeeplyfrighteningaboutthethoughtofmeat-eatingplants，”theyadded.文章大意：最新?tīng)?zhēng)辯發(fā)覺(jué)：為了獲得養(yǎng)分，很多植物都是昆蟲(chóng)殺手。1．Tomatoesandpotatoeskillinsectsto________.A．getmorestickyhairsB．makethemselvesgrowbetterC．maketheirrootsstrongerD．a(chǎn)voidfallingdowntotheground答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第一句話“...someplantscankillinsectsinordertogetadditionalnutrients.”可知，這些植物殺手殺死昆蟲(chóng)的目的是獲得養(yǎng)分，當(dāng)然是為了讓它們自己長(zhǎng)得更好。2．Theword“carnivorous”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans________.A．fast-growing B．harmlessC．insect-killing D．nutritious答案：C猜想詞義題。由畫(huà)線詞前面的these可知，此處指的是前面提到的“殺死昆蟲(chóng)”的植物。3．Theinsect-killingtechniqueofvegetablesisdevelopedmostprobablythrough________.A．evolutionofspeciesB．helpsfromothergardenplantsC．a(chǎn)rtificialcultivationD．nutrientspreservedinrichsoil答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段“Itisthoughtthatthetechniquewasdevelopedinthewildtogetnecessarynutrientsinpoorqualitysoil”可知，植物的這種技能是長(zhǎng)期物種進(jìn)化的結(jié)果。4．Thetextisprobablytakenfrom________.A．a(chǎn)studentbook B．a(chǎn)sciencefictionC．a(chǎn)scientificreport D．a(chǎn)bulletinboard答案：C推理推斷題。由文章第一段“Forthefirsttime,researchershavediscoveredthat...”和最終一段“Theresearchers,publishingtheirfindingintheBotanicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety...”可推知，本文是一篇科學(xué)爭(zhēng)辯報(bào)告。Ⅲ.完形填空EducationfromMyFatherMymemoriesofmyfatherareslimbecausehewassosickinthelastyearsofhislife.Butthereare__1__thatIamoftenremindedofandwhichmayhavehadsomebearingonmyloveof__2__.WhenIwassmallIwassomewhat__3__oflightningandthunder.Myfatherexplainedit.Theexplanationwasin__4__thatachildcouldunderstandbutwasbasicallycorrect.Igainedabetter__5__later,butIdidn'thavetounlearnanything.Whathesaidwasthattherewaselectricityintheclouds__6__ittravelledtothegroundlikeaspark.Whenittravelled__7__theairitmadetheairsohotthatit__8__.Thentherewasnothingwheretheairhadbeenandtheairallaroundrushedinto__9__thespace.Heclappedhishandstogetherveryloud,__10__tobetheairrushingin,andsaidthatmakesthethunder.WhenIhearthunder,Icanstillhearthat__11__.Heexplainedwhyifitwascloudyinthewinterthenightwaswarmerthanifitwas__12__.Itwasoneofthosenightswhentheskywasfullofstars:nomoon,notownlights.Butthereweremorestarsthanyoucould__13__andtheyhadcolortoo.Hesaidthatiftherewerenoclouds,wehadnoblanketsandwere__14__totheuniverse.Ourwarmthwasgoingto__15__thewholeuniverse.Whentherewereclouds,theywerelikeblanketsandwewerenotexposedtotheuniverse.I__16__feelontheedgeofspaceonaveryclearnight.IamsurethereweremanyotherlessonsthatI__17__butnolongerremember.WhatIdid__18__，ingeneral,wasthattherewereexplanationsandthatthemoreIunderstoodthem,themorecomfortabletheworldwastolivein.Iwasnottaughtthattherewere__19__butthattherewasunderstandingifyoulookedforit.ThismaybewhyIhavealwaysbeen__20__inscience.文章大意：作者對(duì)于逝去父親的記憶很少。但是父親曾經(jīng)用通俗易懂的方式來(lái)訓(xùn)練自己，作者現(xiàn)在照舊記憶猶新，是父親的訓(xùn)練激發(fā)了作者對(duì)于科學(xué)的極大愛(ài)好。1．A.others B．fewC．some D．a(chǎn)ll答案：C考查代詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)上文可知，作者對(duì)于父親的記憶比較少，但仍有令作者記憶深刻的一些。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)與語(yǔ)境相符。故答案選C。2．A.science B．natureC．weather D．universe答案：A考查名詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)文章最終一段最終一句“ThismaybewhyIhavealwaysbeen________inscience”可知，此處指的是科學(xué)。因此，空白處應(yīng)當(dāng)使用“science”。故答案選A。3．A.sure B．fondC．tired D．a(chǎn)fraid答案：D考查形容詞詞辨析。作者小時(shí)候有點(diǎn)可怕閃電和雷聲。D選項(xiàng)與此相符。故答案選D。4．A.depth B．wordsC．gestures D．data答案：B考查名詞詞義辨析。作者父親的解釋使用了孩子能夠理解的詞語(yǔ)。A表示“深度，深處”；B表示“詞，單詞”；C表示“姿勢(shì)，手勢(shì)”；D表示“資料，數(shù)據(jù)”。由此可知，B選項(xiàng)與語(yǔ)境相符。故答案選B。5．A.understanding B．knowledgeC．command D．confidence答案：A考查名詞詞義辨析。作者后來(lái)對(duì)此有了更好的理解。A表示“了解；理解，領(lǐng)悟；生疏”；B表示“學(xué)問(wèn)，學(xué)識(shí)”；C表示“命令，指揮”；D表示“自信；信任；信念”。A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選A。6．A.but B．a(chǎn)ndC．for D．or答案：B考查連詞的用法。作者的父親說(shuō)云中有電，電像火花一樣傳到地面。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句子前后的規(guī)律關(guān)系可知，空白處應(yīng)當(dāng)使用“and”。故答案選B。7．A.above B．toC．a(chǎn)long D．through答案：D考查介詞詞義辨析。此處表示的是光穿過(guò)空氣。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為介詞，其中“through”意為“穿過(guò)”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選D。8．A.shone B．burnedC．expanded D．broke答案：B考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。光穿過(guò)的時(shí)候，使空氣如此熱，以至于空氣燃燒起來(lái)。由此并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)的詞義可知，B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選B。9．A.fill B．makeC．a(chǎn)void D．break答案：A考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析?？諝馊紵曛?，四周的空氣涌過(guò)來(lái)并填滿了這一空間。由此可知，空白處應(yīng)當(dāng)使用“fill”。故答案選A。10．A.trying B．provingC．hoping D．pretending答案：D考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。作者的父親大聲拍手來(lái)假裝空氣的涌入，說(shuō)這樣就產(chǎn)生了雷聲。D選項(xiàng)與語(yǔ)境相符合。故答案選D。11．A.clap B．remarkC．voice D．crash答案：A考查名詞詞義辨析。每當(dāng)聽(tīng)到雷聲時(shí)，作者就感覺(jué)聽(tīng)到了父親的掌聲。由此可知，A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選A。12．A.cold B．brightC．clear D．foggy答案：C考查形容詞詞義辨析。作者的父親解釋為什么在冬天的晚上陰天比晴天溫存。由此并結(jié)合前半句中的“cloudy”可知，空白處應(yīng)當(dāng)使用“clear”。故答案選C。13．A.explore B．foreseeC．imagine D．identify答案：C考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。天上的星星比想象的要多。A表示“推想，探勘，探險(xiǎn)”；B表示“預(yù)見(jiàn)，預(yù)知”；C表示“想象，設(shè)想”；D表示“確認(rèn)；識(shí)別；鑒定”。由此并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)的詞義可知，C選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選C。14．A.committed B．exposedC．related D．led答案：B考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。沒(méi)有云彩時(shí)，我們沒(méi)有遮蓋物，暴露于宇宙中。A表示“犯(罪)，做(錯(cuò)事等)”；B表示“使暴露于；揭露”；C表示“有關(guān)，涉及”；D表示“引導(dǎo)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”。由此可知，B選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。依據(jù)下文的“wewerenotexposed”也可知答案。15．A.heat B．protectC．extend D．light答案：A考查動(dòng)詞詞辨析。沒(méi)有云彩時(shí)，我們的溫存將會(huì)對(duì)整個(gè)宇宙供熱。A選項(xiàng)表示“把……加熱，使暖”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選A。16．A.ever B．a(chǎn)lsoC．even D．still答案：D考查副詞詞義辨析?，F(xiàn)在作者在晴天的夜晚照舊有這種感覺(jué)。由此可知，空白處應(yīng)當(dāng)使用“still”。故答案選D。17．A.selected B．a(chǎn)rrangedC．a(chǎn)bsorbed D．delivered答案：C考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。作者信任有很多別的課，自己曾經(jīng)理解過(guò)?！癮bsorbed”表示“吸??；理解；使全神貫注”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選C。18．A.consider B．promiseC．explain D．learn答案：D考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示的是作者所學(xué)習(xí)到的。因此，空白處應(yīng)當(dāng)使用“l(fā)earn”。故答案選D。19．A.memories B．blanketsC．mysteries D．thunders答案：C考查名詞詞義辨析。作者認(rèn)為小時(shí)候沒(méi)有被教過(guò)奇怪的東西，由于父親是用通俗易懂的方式來(lái)教作者的。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選C。20．A.engaged B．interestedC．successful D．skillful答案：B考查形容詞詞辨析。這可能是作者始終對(duì)科學(xué)感愛(ài)好的緣由。由此并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)的詞義可知，B選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選B。Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空(2022·涼州區(qū)其次次診斷)W：Yousee,I'mgainingweightagain.I'venoidea__1__toloseit.M：Youshoulddosomeexerciseevery