2022湖南邵東縣高考英語單項選擇和閱讀理解精煉(2)及答案

閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。Asksomeonewhattheyhavedonetohelptheenvironmentrecentlyandtheywillalmostcertainlymentionrecycling.Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.However,beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.Thetotalamountofpackagingincreasedby12%between1999and2005.Itnowmakesupathirdofatypicalhousehold’swasteintheUK.Inmanysupermarketsnowadaysfooditemsarepackagedtwicewithplasticandcardboard.Toomuchpackagingisdoingseriousdamagetotheenvironment.TheUK,forexample,isrunningoutofareasforburyingthisunnecessarywaste.Ifsuchpackagingisburnt,itgivesoffgreenhousegaseswhichgoontocausethegreenhouseeffect.Recyclinghelps,buttheprocessitselfusesenergy.Thesolutionisnottoproducesuchitemsinthefirstplace.Foodwasteisaseriousproblem,too.Toomanysupermarketsencouragecustomerstobuymorethantheyneed.However,afewofthemarecomingroundtotheideathatthiscannotcontinue,encouragingcustomerstoreusetheirplasticbags,forexample.Butthisisnotjustaboutsupermarkets.Itisaboutallofus.Wehavelearnedtoassociatepackagingwithquality.Wehavelearnedtothinkthatsomethingunpackagedisofpoorquality.Thisisespeciallytrueoffood.Butitalsoappliestoawiderangeofconsumerproducts,whichoftenhavefarmorepackagingthannecessary.Therearesignsofhope.Asmoreofusrecycle,wearebeginningtorealisejusthowmuchunnecessarymaterialwearecollecting.Weneedtofacethewastefulnessofourconsumerculture,butwehaveamountaintoclimb.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thatover-consumption”referto?A.Usingtoomuchpackaging.B.Recyclingtoomanywastes.C.Makingmoreproductsthannecessary.D.Havingmorematerialthanisneeded.2.TheauthorusesfiguresinParagraph2toshow.A.thetendencyofcuttinghouseholdwasteB.theincreaseofpackagingrecyclingC.therapidgrowthofsupermarketsD.thefactofpackagingoveruse3.Accordingtothetext,recycling.A.helpscontrolthegreenhouseeffectB.meansburningpackagingforenergyC.isthesolutiontogasshortageD.leadstoawasteofland4.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Unpackagedproductsareofbadquality.B.Supermarketscaremoreaboutpackaging.C.Itisimpropertojudgequalitybypackaging.D.Otherproductsarebetterpackagedthanfood.5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Fightingwastefulnessisdifficult.B.Needlessmaterialismostlyrecycled.C.Peoplelikecollectingrecyclablewastes.D.Theauthorisproudoftheirconsumerculture.【參考答案】1-5DDACA閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。TheGoldmanEnvironmentalFoundationrecentlyrecognizedagroupofindividuals(個體)fortheireffortstoprotecttheenvironment.Eachyear,theAmerican-basedgrouphonorsenvironmentalactivistsfromsixdifferentareas.Thefirstthreewinnersofthe2022GoldmanPrizearefromKenya,thePhilippinesandChina.TheGoldmanEnvironmentalFoundationsaysIkalAngeleiisaherotothosewholivearoundLakeTurkana.TheKenyanwomanreceivedtheawardbecauseofhereffortstostopadamprojectonariverinEthiopia.Criticssaythedamwillharmthelakeandrestrict(限制)theflowofwaterforpeoplewholivenearby.ThePhilippineislandofMindoroishometothosewhodependonthearea’snaturalresourcesforfoodandjobs.EdwinGariguezbecameconcernedwhenaEuropeancompanyannouncedplanstominefornickel(InChina,MaJuneisworkingwithbusinessestocleanuptheirpollution.Heformedagroupthatcollectsinformationaboutpollution,andpublishesitontheInternet.TheGoldmanPrizewasalsoawardedtoactivistsfromArgentina,RussiaandtheUnitedStates.SofiaGaticaofArgentinaisfromatownwherefarmerscommonlyusepesticide(殺蟲劑)productstoprotectsoybeancropsfrominsects.Thetownalsohasahighrateofcancer.SofiaGaticabelievedthatpesticideusewasresponsibleforthedeathofherbaby.Sheworkedwithothermotherstogetgovernmentofficialstobantheuseofchemicalsnearpopulatedareas.EvgeniaChirikovaobjectstotheplanstobuildaroadthroughaprotectedforestjustoutsideMoscow.ShehasdemandedthatRussianofficialsredirecttheroadawayfromtheforest.Sheandherfollowershavebeenarrestedfortheiractivities.However,theircampaignhasgainedwidespreadpublicsupport.ThesixthwinnerisAmericanCarolineCannon—acommunityleaderinPointHope,Alaska.MizCannonisfightingtokeepArcticwaterssafefromoilandgasexp1.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat______.A.thedamprojecthasbeenpreventedB.thefirstthreeactivistsareallfromAsiaC.aEuropeancompanyisgoingtodigfornickelD.MaJuneistryingtostopoilandgasexploration2.Fromthe7thparagraph,wecanknowthat______.A.pesticideuseaccountsforahigh-rateofcancerB.SofiamanagedtobantheuseofchemicalsC.thefarmersmainlyliveonunpollutedproductsD.thedeathofthebabywasduetodelayedtreatment3.WhatdoweknowaboutEvgeniaChirikova？A.Sheplanstobuildaroadtoprotecttheforest.B.Sheisinchargeofaprojectfarawayfromtheroad.C.Shepersuadedthegovernmenttosetherfollowersfree.D.Herenvironmentalactionhasbeenwidelyacknowledged.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SixAdvancedIndividualsforHardWorkB.EffortstoCreateaCleanandBeautifulWorldC.SixEnvironmentalActivistsWinGoldmanPrizeD.TheGoldmanEnvironmentalFoundationPrize【參考答案】1—4、CADC閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D中，選出最佳答案。Amousehappenedtolookthroughaholeinthewalltoseethefarmerandhiswifeopenapackage.“Whatfoodmightthiscontain?”Themousewondered.Buthewassadtodiscoveritwasamousetrap.Backtothefarmyard,themouseannouncedthiswarning;“Thereisamousetrapinthehouse!Thereisamousetrapinthehouse!”Thehenclucked(咯咯地叫)andscratched,raisedherheadandsaid,“Mr.Mouse,Icantellthisisagreatconcerntoyou,butitisofnoconsequencetome.Icannotbebotheredbyit.”Thenthemouseturnedtothepig.Thepigsympathized,butsaid,“Iamsoverysorry,Mr.Mouse,butthereisnothingIcandoaboutitbutpray.Beassuredyouareinmyprayers.”Thenthemouseturnedtothecowandrepeatthesamewords.Thecowsaid,“Moo,Mr.Mouse.I’msorryforyou,butit’snoskinoffmynose.”So,themousereturnedtothehouse,headdownandsadlyfacedthefarmer’smousetrapalone.Thatveryrightasoundwasheardthroughoutthehouse–thesoundofamousetrapcatchingitsprey(獵物).Thefarmer’swiferushedtoseewhatwascaught.Inthedarkness,shedidnotseeit.Itwasapoisonoussnakewhosetailwascaughtinthetrap.Thesnakebitthefarmer’swife.Thefarmerrushedhertothehospital.Whenshereturnedhome,shestillhadafever.Everyoneknowsfreshchickensoupisgoodtotreatafever.Sothefarmertookhisknifetothefarmyard.Thehenwaskilled.Buthiswife’ssicknesscontinued.Friendsandneighborscametositwithheraroundtheclock.Tofeedthem,thefarmerbutcheredthepig.Thefarmer’swifedidnotgetwellbutdied.Somanypeoplecameforherfuneralthatthefarmerhadthecowkilledtoprovideenoughmeatforallofthemforthelunch.Themouselookeduponitallfromhisholeinthewallwithgreatsadness.26．Whatsurprisedthemousewhenlookingthroughthehole? A．Thefarmerandhiswife. B．Adangerousmousetrap. C．Apackagewithfoodin. D．Apoisonoussnake.【答案】B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Buthewassadtodiscoveritwasamousetrap.老鼠驚異地發(fā)覺了一個撲鼠器，故選B。27．Whatdidthemousedowhenitreturnedtothefarmyard? A．Ithadawarntalkwithhisfriends. B．Itwarneditsneighborsofthedanger. C．Itarguedwithitsneighborsloudly. D．Ittriedhardtocheeritsneighbors.【答案】B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Backtothefarmyard,themouseannouncedthiswarning;老鼠警告大家有危急，故選B。28．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthestory? A．Thehenwassurethatitneedn’tbebotheredbyit. B．Thepigonlyexpresseditssympathyforthemouse. C．Thefarmer’swifewasbittenbythepoisonoussnake. D．Thefarmer’sneighborscametohishomeformeat.【答案】D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Somanypeoplecameforherfuneralthatthefarmerhadthecowkilledtoprovideenoughmeatforallofthemforthelunch.農(nóng)夫的鄰居來他的家參與他的妻子的葬禮，這位農(nóng)夫殺了牛來款待大家吃肉，故選D。29．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“butit’snoskinoffmynose”inparagraph5mean? A．Itisnoneofmybusiness. B．Itisoutofthequestion. C．Itdoesn’taffectmysmell. D．Itisnotinterestingatall.【答案】A【解析】句意理解題。依據(jù)I’msorryforyou既然牛這樣說對不起，就能推想他無能為力，也不管它的事，故選A。30．Whichofthefollowingcanbestexpressthemoralofthestory? A．Mindworksfasterintimeofdanger. B．Neverputyournoseintoothers’business. C．Weshouldpulltogetherintimeoftrouble. D．Outofsight,outofmind.【答案】C【解析】推理推斷題。從這個寓言故事可知看似不管自己的事情卻引起自己的災難，所以無論誰遇到困難時大家齊心合力，共度難關。故選C。2021高考英語（附解析答案）Ⅰ.單項填空1．Mark______havehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed，hearrivedhalfanhourearly.A．needn’t B．wouldn’tC．mustn’t D．couldn’t解析考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：馬克本沒有必要那么急，全速開車后他提前了半個小時到達。依據(jù)句意和前后的照應可知應選A項。A項表示“本沒有必要”；B項意為“不會”；C項表示“不允許”；D項表示“不行能”。明顯，B、C、D三項與后文論述不符。答案A2．Ifmostbread-winners______aday’spaytotheHopeProject，thenitwillbehopeful.A．gift B．donateC．present D．give解析句意：假如大多數(shù)掙工資的人把一天的所得捐獻給期望工程的話，那期望工程就有期望了。donate“捐獻”；present“(作為禮物)贈送”；give“賜予”；gift為名詞“禮物”。答案B3．They______twofreeticketstoCanada，otherwisethey’dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.A．hadgot B．gotC．havegot D．get解析句意：他們得到兩張免費去加拿大的機票，不然他們沒錢去那兒。otherwise是虛擬語氣的示意，從“they’dneverhavebeenableto...”可知，該句是對已發(fā)生的大事的虛擬假設，而前半句是對過去事實的陳述，故B項正確。答案B4．Ronny’ssteps______，andtherewasamomentofabsolutesilence.A．diedback B．diedawayC．diedoff D．diedout解析考查短語的意思。dieaway意思為“(風、聲音)漸息，漸弱”；dieoff意為“相繼死亡，種群突然急劇的衰減”；dieout意為“完全的滅亡，滅亡”，如：Tribesandtribalcustomsdiedoutcenturiesago.部落和部落文化在幾個世紀前就消亡了。答案B5．Thecriminal，aswellassome______people，wasarrestedbythepoliceyesterday.A．relevant B．skilledC．released D．lucky解析relevant相關的。句意：那個罪犯，連同一些相關的人昨天被警方逮捕了。答案A6．Thedoctorsaidthatthepatienthad______atonce.A．tooperate B．tobeoperatedC．operated D．tobeoperatedon解析operate作“動手術”講時，是不及物動詞，所以表示“給某人動手術”用短語operateonsb.，用被動語態(tài)時介詞on應當保留。答案D7．Thesecretaryshouldhaveallthe______documentsreadybeforethemeetingbegins.A．concerning B．respectingC．relevant D．regarding解析relevant“有關的”。句意：秘書應當在會議開頭之前把全部相關文件預備好。答案C8．Whenwilltheresultoftheexambeannounced？Thestudentsare______toknowit.A．a(chǎn)greeing B．dyingC．deciding D．desiring解析bedyingtodosth.極想做某事。desire意為“渴望；渴求”后可接動詞不定式，但不用于進行時。答案B9．Whatskillsareneededto______thismachine?A．manage B．operateC．operateon D．managewith解析operateamachine操作機器。答案B10．Somethingiswrongwithhis