2021成都市高考英語閱讀理解專題選練及答案3

閱讀下列短文,從給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。體裁：說明文話題：公民科學(xué)時間：7分鐘Citizenscienceisatermusedforprojectsorongoingprogramsofscientificworkinwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers，manyofwhommayhavenospecificscientifictraining，performormanageresearch-relatedtaskssuchasobservation，measurementorcomputation.AnexampleofcitizenscienceisaprojectcalledProjectBudBurst.Overthepastsixgrowingseasons，ProjectBudBursthasusedthousandsofvolunteerobservers.Theyrecordwhenlocalplantsdeveloptheirleaves，flowersandfruit.Theobservationsgointoahugedatabase.Thenplantscientistscanstudythedatatolookforchangesovertime.ProjectdirectorSandraHendersonsaysparticipatorysciencelikethisisanideathatisgrowingquickly.Forexample，peoplewhoenjoyastronomycanobservechangesinthebrightnessofastar.PeoplecanexaminesatelliteimagesofEarthtolookforsiteswherearcheologistsmightfindthelosttombofGenghisKhan，theMongolianwarriorandruler.Orsomeoneinterestedinorcawhalescanlistentounderwatermicrophonesandletresearchersknowwhenthewhalesarepresent.ThousandsofAmericansandCanadiansvolunteeredtocountbirdsthispastmigrationseasonaspartofProjectFeederWatch.Anotherareawherecitizensciencehasgrownisintestingwater.AmandaBrunercoordinatesSoundCitizen，aprojectbasedattheUniversityofWashingtoncampusinTacoma.ItkeepstrackofpollutantsinPugetSound.Somepeople，includingscientists，stillquestionwhetheraveragecitizenscancollectreliabledata.Newdigitaltoolscanhelpsettlequestionsaboutdataquality，andmakeiteasierforpeopletotakepartincitizenscience.Publichealthresearchisanotherareawhereaveragecitizensaregettinginvolved—insomecases，whetherresearcherslikeitornot.Theideaisforthepublictohaveavoiceinhowpublichealthstudiesaredone.Thereisevenasayingforthiskindofactivism：“Nomoreresearchaboutuswithoutus.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文屬于科普類說明文，主要介紹了公民科學(xué)的含義以及人們對它的看法。1．Whoaretheparticipantsinvolvedincitizenscience?A．Professionalscientistswhohaveretired.B．Thepublicshowinginterestinsomescienceprojects.C．Citizenswhohavespecificscientifictraining.D．Studentswantingtobescientists.解析細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，公民科學(xué)的參與者是對一些科學(xué)項目有愛好的民眾，他們中很多人并沒有接受過特定的培訓(xùn)。故B項正確。答案B2．Accordingtothepassage，ifyouareinterestedinplants，youmaytakepartin______.A．ProjectBudBurstB．ProjectFeederWatchC．SoundCitizenD．publichealthresearch解析細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Theyrecordwhenlocalplantsdeveloptheirleaves，flowersandfruit...Thenplantscientistscanstudythedatatolookforchangesovertime.”可知答案為A。答案A3．FromParagraph3，wecaninferthat______.A．citizensciencedevelopsquicklyandincludesmanyfieldsB．thereisnoneedforprofessionalscientiststodoresearchC．observationistheonlymethodtodocitizenscienceD．citizensciencehasgrownintestingwater解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段末尾句和第三段所述內(nèi)容可推知，citizenscience進展快速且所涉領(lǐng)域很廣，故A項正確。D屬于明示信息，不屬于推論。答案A4．Whatcanhelpgetreliabledataincitizenscience?A．Specificscientifictraining.B．Moreparticipationofthepublic.C．Greatersocialsupport.D．Newdigitaltools.解析細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段最終一句“Newdigitaltoolscanhelp...takepartincitizenscience.”可知答案為D。答案D【長難句解讀】原文Citizenscienceisatermusedforprojectsorongoingprogramsofscientificworkinwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers，manyofwhommayhavenospecificscientifictraining，performormanageresearch-relatedtaskssuchasobservation，measurementorcomputation.譯文公民科學(xué)用于指那些處理科學(xué)工作的工程或持續(xù)進行的項目，參與其中的是一些個人志愿者或志愿者群體，他們中很多人可能沒有經(jīng)過特定的科學(xué)訓(xùn)練，而執(zhí)行或者管理與科學(xué)爭辯有關(guān)的一些任務(wù)，如觀看、測量或計算。分析定語從句“inwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers...orcomputation”為限制性定語從句，修飾“projectsorongoingprogramsofscientificwork”，這確定語從句的主語“individualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers”又被manyofwhom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾。閱讀理解(共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項?！緩V東省2022屆高三考前沖刺卷(七)】APlantsthatliveintherainforesthaveadaptedinamazingwaystoseveralverydifficultconditions.Thismeansthattheplanthaschangedsomethinginits“body”or“habits”tomakeiteasiertosurviveindifficultconditions.Thereareseveralconditionstheyhavehadtoadaptto.First，thesoiloftheforestfloorisshallow.Also，thesoiloftherainforestisnotveryrich，oreasytogrowin.Nextistheproblemofveryheavyrainwhichcontinuesoveralargepartoftheyear.Finally，manyplantsoftherainforestarefoodforanimalsthatlivethere.Thebiggestproblemthatrainforestplantshavetoadapttoisthelackofsunlightintherainforest’slowerlevels.Plantshaveadaptedtothisprobleminseveralways.Manyplantshaveverylargeleaves.Thelargeleafishelpfulbecauseithasabiggersurfacearea.Thebiggersurfaceareaaleafhas，themoresunlightitcanabsorb.Thecanopytreesadaptbygrowingtobe100feettallsothattheirleavescangraballavailablesunlight.Otherplantscalledlianas(climbingwoodyvines)haveadaptedbyrootingthemselvesinthesoiloftheforestfloorandgrowingupthetreesuntiltheyreachthecanopylayer.Stillotherplants，suchasepiphytes，haveadaptedbygrowingdirectlyonthetrees’trunksandbranchesinthecanopyandunderstorylayersoftherainforest.Anadaptationtothelargeamountsofrainfallthatmanyrainforestplantshaveiscalled“driptips”．Theirleavesaretapered(漸漸變細)toasharppointattheend.Thisallowswatertorunofftheleafquickly.Therearemanyotheradaptationsthatrainforestplantshavemadetotheirenvironment.Thesewillbediscussedindetail，asweinvestigatetheplantsoftherainforest!26．Whichofthefollowingisadifficultythattherainforestplantshavetoface?A．Changesintheir“body”or“habits”．B．Soilthatisnotverydeep.C．Epiphytesthatgrowontrees’trunks.D．Theworseningofthenaturalenvironment.27．Howdolianasadapttotheenvironmentintherainforest?A．Theygrowunderbigleavesforprotection.B．Theyrelyonotherplantstoreachthecanopylayer.C．Theychangetheirleafstructureconstantly.D．Theygrowonotherplants’branches.28．Theunderlinedword“This”inParagraph3probablyrefersto________.A．thetake-inofsunlightB．thelargeamountsofrainfallC．theleaves’havingasharppointattheendD．water’srunningofftheleavesquickly29．Whatcanbeinferredaboutrainforestplants?A．Theyhavetofacedangersnotonlyfromanimalsbutalsofromeachother.B．Toolittlesunlightandtoomuchwaterarethebiggestproblemstheyface.C．Differentkindsofplantshavedifferentwaystoabsorbsunlight.D．Alloftheiradaptationshavebeeninvestigatedindetail.30．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．HowdoPlantsAdapttotheRainforests?B．WhydoPlantsChangeThemselves?C．WhatKindofPlantsIstheMostAdaptable?D．WhatIstheBestPlaceforPlantstoLivein?26．B[細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段的“First，thesoiloftheforestfloorisshallow.”，可知B為答案。]27．B[細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的“Otherplantscalledlianas...growingupthetreesuntiltheyreachthecanopylayer.”可知答案為B。]28．C[詞義猜想題。this指代的是前面提到的“Theirleavesaretaperedtoasharppointattheend.”。D項是轉(zhuǎn)變后的結(jié)果。]29．C[推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段的“Plantshaveadaptedtothisprobleminseveralways.”及后來列舉的不同植物的適應(yīng)方法可推出C為正確答案。]30．A[主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了熱帶雨林中一些植物是如何適應(yīng)那里困難的生存條件的。]【廣東省2022屆高三考前沖刺卷(七)】BSomepeoplemakeyoufeelcomfortablewhentheyarearound.Youspendanhourwiththemandfeelasifyouhaveknownthemhalfyourlife.Thesepeoplehavesomethingincommon.Andonceweknowwhatitis，wecantrytodoitourselves.Howisitdone?Hereareseveralskillsthatgoodtalkershave.Ifyoufollowtheskills，they’llhelpyouputpeopleattheirease，andmakefriendswiththemquickly.Firstofall，goodtalkersaskquestions.Almostanyone，nomatterhowshyheis，willansweraquestion.Onewell-knownbusinesswomansays，“Atbusinesslunches，Ialwaysaskpeoplewhattheydidthatmorning.It’sacommonquestion，butitwillgetthingsgoing.”Fromthereyoucanmoveontoothermatters—sometimestoreallypersonalquestions.Andhowheanswerswillletyouknowhowfaryoucango.Second，oncegoodtalkershaveaskedquestions，theylistentotheanswers.Thispointseemsclear，butitisn’t.Yourquestionsshouldhaveapointandhelptotellwhatsortofpersonyouaretalkingto.Andtofindout，youreallyhavetolistencarefullyandattentively.Reallisteningatleastmeanssomethings.Firstitmeansnottochangethesubjectofconversation.Ifsomeonestickstoonetopic，youcantakeitasafactthathe’sreallyinterestedinit.Reallisteningalsomeansnotjustlisteningtowords，buttotonesofvoice.Ifthevoicesoundsdull，then，it’stimeforyoutochangethesubject.Finally，goodtalkersknowwellhowtodealwiththeoccasionofparting.Ifyou’resayinggoodbye，youmaygivehimafirmhandshakeandsay，“I’vereallyenjoyedmeetingyou.”Ifyouwanttoseethatpersonagain，don’tkeepitasecret.Letpeopleknowwhatyoufeel，andtheymaywalkawayfeelingasifthey’veknownyouhalftheirlife.31．Askingquestionsmightbeaquitegoodandsuitableway________.A．foryoutomakemoreandmorenewfriendsB．tobeginyourbusinesstalksC．togettheconversationgoingsmoothlyD．foryoutomakeadeepandlastingimpressiononothers32．Afterhavingaskedsomebodyaquestion，it’llbepoliteofyouto________.A．makeclearwhatkindofpersonheisB．listentohisreplyattentivelyC．waitquietlyandpatientlyforhisanswerD．goonaskinghimmorequestions33．Generallyspeaking，goodtalkersarepeoplewho______.A．a(chǎn)regoodatmakinganytopicinterestingB．nevertalktoomuchortoolittleC．a(chǎn)lwaysspeakinagentlewayD．knowhowandwhentheyshouldchangethetopicofthetalk34．Ifyoureallytakedelightinmeetingsomeoneagain，______.A．youmaytakehimasyourlifelongtrustworthyfriendB．itseemsnecessaryforyoutolethimknowitC．it’sproperforyoutogivehimasecondhandshakeD．it’llbehelpfulforyoutohavefurtherunderstandingofhim35．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Howtomakepeoplecomfortable.B．Howtobeagoodtalker.C．Howtomakepeopleateasebytalking.D．Howtofindsuitabletopicstotalk.31．C[推理推斷題。從第三段倒數(shù)其次句“Fromthereyoucanmoveontoothermatters—sometimestoreallypersonalquestions.”可知問問題可以使談話自然進行下去，故答案為C項。]32．B[細節(jié)理解題。從第四段最終一句“Andtofindout，youreallyhavetolistencarefullyandattentively.”可知B項正確。]33．D[細節(jié)理解題。從第五段最終兩句“Reallisteningalsomeansnotjustlisteningtowords，buttotonesofvoice.Ifthevoicesoundsdull，then，it’stimeforyoutochangethesubject.”可知D項正確。]34．B[細節(jié)理解題。從最終一段第三句“Ifyouwanttoseethatpersonagain，don’tkeepitasecret.”可知B項正確。]35．C[主旨大意題。本文是說明文，第一、其次兩段是主題段。歸納可知答案為C項。]閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。The$11billionself–helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike“Ineverdoanythingright”intopositiveoneslike“Icansucceed.”ButwaspositivethinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?Istherepowerinpositivethinking?ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavetheoppositeeffect:itcansimplystresshowunhappytheyare.Thestudy'sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterlooandElainePerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbycitingolderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveistoopositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.IfyoutellyourstupidfriendthathehasthepotentialofanEinstein,you'rejustunderlininghisfaults.Inone1990sexperiment,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofInthisexperiment,Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68students’self-respect.Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsandfeelingsforfourminutes.Every15seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell.Whenitrang,theyweresupposedtotellthemselves,"Iamlovable."Thosewithlowself-respectdidn'tfeelbetteraftertheforcedself-affirmation(自我確定).Infact,theirmoodsturnedsignificantlydarkerthanthoseofmembersofthecontrolgroup,whoweren'turgedtothinkpositivethoughts.Thepaperprovidessupportfornewerformsofpsychotherapy(心理治療)thaturgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.Inthefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Instead,meditation(靜思)techniquescanteachpeopletoputtheirshortcomingsintoalarger,morerealisticway.Callitthepowerofnegativethinking.41.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphabouttheself-helpindustry?A.ItwasestablishedbyNormanVincentPeale.B.Itisahighlyprofitableindustry.C.Itisbasedontheconceptofpositivethinking.D.Ithasprovidedpositiveresults.【答案】C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。原文定位于首段第一句“The$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike“Ineverdoanythingright”intopositiveoneslike“Icansucceed.”選項中的basedon與文中的builton同義。42.WhatisthefindingoftheCanadianresearchers?A.Therecanbenosimpletreatmentforpsychologicalproblems.B.Thepowerofpositivethinkingislimited.C.Unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositively.D.Encouragingpositivethinkingmaydomoreharmthangood.【答案】D【解析】原文定位為其次段：“ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhaveoppositeeffect;”之后，作者在下一段又再次強調(diào)了這一觀點“olderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.”causeofatragedy與選項中的causeofthecrash全都。抓住關(guān)鍵詞“oppositeeffect；feelworse,notbetter”，答案即