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專題01利用三角形全等和相似的性質(zhì)進(jìn)行求解的問題在幾何壓軸題中,全等三角形的性質(zhì)和相似三角形的性質(zhì)一般作為工具性質(zhì)進(jìn)行使用,用以幫助解決角度的相等問題或者線段的數(shù)量關(guān)系。(1)在具體的壓軸題中可以通過證明三角形全等或三角形相似,得到某兩個(gè)角相等,再結(jié)合所求進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化,從而得到我們想要的角度關(guān)系。(2)壓軸題中關(guān)于證明線段相等關(guān)系或者和差關(guān)系的證明時(shí),一般通過三角形全等的性質(zhì),找出中間線段與所求線段的倍數(shù)關(guān)系,進(jìn)行等量代換或者轉(zhuǎn)化。(3)壓軸題中關(guān)于證明或探究線段之間的積關(guān)系或者比值關(guān)系時(shí),一般利用三角形相似的性質(zhì)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化,有時(shí)也會(huì)用到三角形全等的性質(zhì)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化。 (2022·遼寧丹東·統(tǒng)考中考真題)已知矩形ABCD,點(diǎn)E為直線BD上的一個(gè)動(dòng)點(diǎn)(點(diǎn)E不與點(diǎn)B重合),連接AE,以AE為一邊構(gòu)造矩形AEFG(A,E,F(xiàn),G按逆時(shí)針方向排列),連接DG.(1)如圖1,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0=1時(shí),請(qǐng)直接寫出線段BE與線段DG的數(shù)量關(guān)系與位置關(guān)系;(2)如圖2,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0=2時(shí),請(qǐng)猜想線段BE與線段DG的數(shù)量關(guān)系與位置關(guān)系,并說明理由;(3)如圖3,在(2)的條件下,連接BG,EG,分別取線段BG,EG的中點(diǎn)M,N,連接MN,MD,ND,若AB=SKIPIF1<0,∠AEB=45°,請(qǐng)直接寫出△MND的面積.(1)證明△BAE≌△DAG,進(jìn)一步得出結(jié)論;(2)證明BAE∽△DAG,進(jìn)一步得出結(jié)論;(3)解斜三角形ABE,求得BE=3,根據(jù)(2)SKIPIF1<0可得DG=6,從而得出三角形BEG的面積,可證得△MND≌△MNG,△MNG與△BEG的面積比等于1:4,進(jìn)而求得結(jié)果.【答案】(1)BE=DG,BE⊥DG(2)BE=SKIPIF1<0,BE⊥DG,理由見解析(3)S△MNG=SKIPIF1<0【詳解】(1)解:由題意得:四邊形ABCD和四邊形AEFG是正方形,∴AB=AD,AE=AG,∠BAD=∠EAG=90°,∴∠BAD﹣∠DAE=∠EAG﹣∠DAE,∴∠BAE=∠DAG,∴△BAE≌△DAG(SAS),∴BE=DG,∠ABE=∠ADG,∴∠ADG+∠ADB=∠ABE+∠ADB=90°,∴∠BDG=90°,∴BE⊥DG;(2)BE=SKIPIF1<0,BE⊥DG,理由如下:由(1)得:∠BAE=∠DAG,∵SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0=2,∴△BAE∽△DAG,∴SKIPIF1<0,∠ABE=∠ADG,∴∠ADG+∠ADB=∠ABE+∠ADB=90°,∴∠BDG=90°,∴BE⊥DG;(3)如圖,作AH⊥BD于H,∵tan∠ABD=SKIPIF1<0,∴設(shè)AH=2x,BH=x,在Rt△ABH中,x2+(2x)2=(SKIPIF1<0)2,∴BH=1,AH=2,在Rt△AEH中,∵tan∠ABE=SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴EH=AH=2,∴BE=BH+EH=3,∵BD=SKIPIF1<0=5,∴DE=BD﹣BE=5﹣3=2,由(2)得:SKIPIF1<0,DG⊥BE,∴DG=2BE=6,∴S△BEG=SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0=9,在Rt△BDG和Rt△DEG中,點(diǎn)M是BG的中點(diǎn),點(diǎn)N是CE的中點(diǎn),∴DM=GM=SKIPIF1<0,∵NM=NM,∴△DMN≌△GMN(SSS),∵M(jìn)N是△BEG的中位線,∴MNSKIPIF1<0BE,∴△BEG∽△MNG,∴SKIPIF1<0=(SKIPIF1<0)2=SKIPIF1<0,∴S△MNG=S△MNG=SKIPIF1<0S△BEG=SKIPIF1<0.本題主要考查了正方形,矩形的性質(zhì),全等三角形的判定和性質(zhì),相似三角形的判定和性質(zhì)等知識(shí),解決問題的關(guān)鍵是類比的方法.(2022·遼寧鞍山·統(tǒng)考中考真題)如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在直線SKIPIF1<0上,連接SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0,得到線段SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(1)求證:SKIPIF1<0;(2)當(dāng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在線段SKIPIF1<0上(點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0不與點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0重合)時(shí),求SKIPIF1<0的值;(3)過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,請(qǐng)直接寫出SKIPIF1<0的值.(1)作AH⊥BC于H,可得BH=SKIPIF1<0AB,BC=2BH,進(jìn)而得出結(jié)論;(2)證明△ABD∽△CBE,進(jìn)而得出結(jié)果;(3)當(dāng)點(diǎn)D在線段AC上時(shí),作BF⊥AC,交CA的延長(zhǎng)線于F,作AG⊥BD于G,設(shè)AB=AC=3a,則AD=2a,解直角三角形BDF,求得BD的長(zhǎng),根據(jù)△DAG∽△DBF求得AQ,進(jìn)而求得AN,進(jìn)一步得出結(jié)果;當(dāng)點(diǎn)D在AC的延長(zhǎng)線上時(shí),設(shè)AB=AC=2a,則AD=4a,同樣方法求得結(jié)果.【答案】(1)證明見解析;(2)SKIPIF1<0(3)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0【詳解】(1)證明:如圖1,作AH⊥BC于H,∵AB=AB,∴∠BAH=∠CAH=SKIPIF1<0∠BAC=SKIPIF1<0×120°=60°,BC=2BH,∴sin60°=SKIPIF1<0,∴BH=SKIPIF1<0AB,∴BC=2BH=SKIPIF1<0AB;(2)解:∵AB=AC,∴∠ABC=∠ACB=SKIPIF1<0,由(1)得,SKIPIF1<0,同理可得,∠DBE=30°,SKIPIF1<0,∴∠ABC=∠DBE,SKIPIF1<0,∴∠ABC?∠DBC=∠DBE?∠DBC,∴∠ABD=∠CBE,∴△ABD∽△CBE,∴SKIPIF1<0;(3)如圖2,當(dāng)點(diǎn)D在線段AC上時(shí),作BF⊥AC,交CA的延長(zhǎng)線于F,作AG⊥BD于G,設(shè)AB=AC=3a,則AD=2a,由(1)得,SKIPIF1<0,在Rt△ABF中,∠BAF=180°?∠BAC=60°,AB=3a,∴AF=3a?cos60°=SKIPIF1<0,BF=3a?sin60°=SKIPIF1<0,在Rt△BDF中,DF=AD+AF=SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∵∠AGD=∠F=90°,∠ADG=∠BDF,∴△DAG∽△DBF,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵ANSKIPIF1<0DE,∴∠AND=∠BDE=120°,∴∠ANG=60°,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,如圖3,當(dāng)點(diǎn)D在AC的延長(zhǎng)線上時(shí),設(shè)AB=AC=2a,則AD=4a,由(1)得,CE=SKIPIF1<0,作BR⊥CA,交CA的延長(zhǎng)線于R,作AQ⊥BD于Q,同理可得,AR=a,BR=SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,綜上所述:SKIPIF1<0的值為SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.本題考查了等腰三角形的性質(zhì),相似三角形的判定和性質(zhì),解直角三角形等知識(shí),解決問題的關(guān)鍵是正確分類和較強(qiáng)的計(jì)算能力.(2022·湖北宜昌·統(tǒng)考中考真題)已知菱形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0是邊SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0是邊SKIPIF1<0上一點(diǎn).(1)如圖1,連接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.①求證:SKIPIF1<0;②若SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng);(2)如圖2,連接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng).(1)①根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0可證得:SKIPIF1<0,即可得出結(jié)論;②連接SKIPIF1<0,可證得SKIPIF1<0是等邊三角形,即可求出SKIPIF1<0;(2)延長(zhǎng)SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0的延長(zhǎng)線于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0可證得SKIPIF1<0,可得出SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,即可證得SKIPIF1<0,即可得出SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng).【答案】(1)①見解析;②SKIPIF1<0(2)SKIPIF1<0【詳解】(1)(1)①∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵四邊形SKIPIF1<0是菱形,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.②如圖,連接SKIPIF1<0.∵SKIPIF1<0是邊SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,又由菱形SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0是等邊三角形,∴SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.(2)如圖,延長(zhǎng)SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0的延長(zhǎng)線于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,由菱形SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0是邊SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0為公共角.∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,又∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.本題考查了菱形的性質(zhì),等邊三角形的性質(zhì)與判定,銳角三角函數(shù)求線段長(zhǎng)度,全等三角形的性質(zhì)和判定,相似三角形的性質(zhì)與判定,掌握以上知識(shí)點(diǎn)并靈活運(yùn)用是解題的關(guān)鍵.1.(2022·吉林長(zhǎng)春·校聯(lián)考模擬)【教材呈現(xiàn)】在華師版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)數(shù)學(xué)教材第111頁(yè)學(xué)習(xí)了以下內(nèi)容:菱形的對(duì)角線互相垂直.【結(jié)論運(yùn)用】(1)如圖①,菱形SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)角線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0相交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則菱形SKIPIF1<0的面積是;(2)如圖②,四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上,四邊形SKIPIF1<0是菱形,連接SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,求證:SKIPIF1<0;(3)如圖③,四邊形SKIPIF1<0是菱形,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上,四邊形SKIPIF1<0是菱形,連接SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0度.【答案】(1)24;(2)見解析;(3)30【分析】(1)由菱形的性質(zhì)可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由勾股定理可求SKIPIF1<0,由菱形的面積公式可以求解;(2)先證四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,可得SKIPIF1<0,由線段垂直平分線的性質(zhì)可得結(jié)論;(3)先證SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,由等腰三角形的性質(zhì)和外角的性質(zhì)可求解.【詳解】(1)解:SKIPIF1<0四邊形SKIPIF1<0是菱形,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0菱形SKIPIF1<0的面積SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:24;(2)證明:如圖,連接SKIPIF1<0,交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0四邊形SKIPIF1<0是菱形,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0垂直平分SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;(3)解:SKIPIF1<0四邊形SKIPIF1<0是菱形,四邊形SKIPIF1<0是菱形,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:30.2.(2022·四川德陽(yáng)·模擬)已知:四邊形SKIPIF1<0是正方形,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0邊上,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0邊上,且SKIPIF1<0.(1)如圖SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0有怎樣的關(guān)系.寫出你的結(jié)果,并加以證明;(2)如圖SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)角線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0分別與SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0.①求證:SKIPIF1<0;②連接SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng).【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0.證明見解析(2)①見解析;②SKIPIF1<0【分析】(1)根據(jù)正方形的性質(zhì)可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,然后利用“邊角邊”證明SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)全等三角形對(duì)應(yīng)角相等可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,然后求出SKIPIF1<0,再求出SKIPIF1<0,然后根據(jù)垂直的定義解答即可;(2)①根據(jù)正方形的對(duì)角線互相垂直平分可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)角線平分一組對(duì)角可得SKIPIF1<0,然后求出SKIPIF1<0,再利用“角邊角”證明SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)全等三角形對(duì)應(yīng)邊相等可得SKIPIF1<0;②過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,作SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)全等三角形對(duì)應(yīng)角相等可得SKIPIF1<0,再利用“角角邊”證明SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)全等三角形對(duì)應(yīng)邊相等可得SKIPIF1<0,然后判斷出四邊形SKIPIF1<0是正方形,根據(jù)正方形的性質(zhì)求出SKIPIF1<0,再求出SKIPIF1<0,然后利用勾股定理列式求出SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)正方形的性質(zhì)求出SKIPIF1<0即可.【詳解】(1)解:SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0.證明:SKIPIF1<0四邊形SKIPIF1<0是正方形,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;(2)①證明:SKIPIF1<0四邊形SKIPIF1<0是正方形,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;②解:如圖SKIPIF1<0,過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,作SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0四邊形SKIPIF1<0是正方形,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0正方形SKIPIF1<0的邊長(zhǎng)SKIPIF1<0.3.(2022·山東日照·校考二模)在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為線段SKIPIF1<0延長(zhǎng)線上一動(dòng)點(diǎn),連接SKIPIF1<0,將線段SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn),旋轉(zhuǎn)角為SKIPIF1<0,得到線段SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(1)如圖1,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),①求證:SKIPIF1<0;②求SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù);(2)如圖2,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),請(qǐng)直接寫出SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的數(shù)量關(guān)系.(3)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,請(qǐng)直接寫出點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到SKIPIF1<0的距離為【答案】(1)①見解析;②SKIPIF1<0;(2)SKIPIF1<0;(3)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.【分析】(1)①證明SKIPIF1<0可得結(jié)論.②利用全等三角形的性質(zhì)解決問題即可.(2)證明SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0解決問題.(3)分兩種情形,解直角三角形求出SKIPIF1<0即可解決問題.【詳解】(1)①證明:如圖1中,SKIPIF1<0將線段SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn),旋轉(zhuǎn)角為SKIPIF1<0,得到線段SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是等邊三角形,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.②解:如圖1中,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.(2)解:結(jié)論:SKIPIF1<0.理由:如圖2中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(3)過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0的延長(zhǎng)線于SKIPIF1<0.如圖SKIPIF1<0中,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0是鈍角三角形時(shí),在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由(2)可知,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0如圖SKIPIF1<0中,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0是銳角三角形時(shí),同法可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,綜上所述,滿足條件的SKIPIF1<0的值為SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.故答案為SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.4.(2022·山東濟(jì)南·山東師范大學(xué)第二附屬中學(xué)??寄M)如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,點(diǎn)D、E分別是邊SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0上的點(diǎn),且SKIPIF1<0.(1)如圖1,若SKIPIF1<0,求證:SKIPIF1<0;(2)若SKIPIF1<0.①如圖2,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),求SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng);②如圖3,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),直接寫出SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng)是______.【答案】(1)見解析;(2)①SKIPIF1<0;②???????SKIPIF1<0【分析】(1)證明SKIPIF1<0,即可得證;(2)①如圖,作SKIPIF1<0的垂直平分線交SKIPIF1<0于F,連接SKIPIF1<0,證明SKIPIF1<0,利用全等三角形的性質(zhì)和SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)行求解即可;②延長(zhǎng)SKIPIF1<0到SKIPIF1<0,使SKIPIF1<0,求出SKIPIF1<0,作SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,利用等腰三角形的判定和性質(zhì),求出SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng),進(jìn)而得到SKIPIF1<0的余弦,作SKIPIF1<0中垂線SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,證明SKIPIF1<0,利用相似三角形的性質(zhì),進(jìn)行求解即可.【詳解】(1)證明:在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,又∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0;(2)解:①如圖2,作SKIPIF1<0的垂直平分線交SKIPIF1<0于F,連接SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,???????又∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0;②???????如圖:延長(zhǎng)SKIPIF1<0到SKIPIF1<0,使SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,作SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,由勾股定理得:SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,根據(jù)勾股定理得:SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,作SKIPIF1<0中垂線SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.5.(2022·遼寧葫蘆島·統(tǒng)考二模)在平行四邊形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平分SKIPIF1<0交線段SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,在□SKIPIF1<0的外部作SKIPIF1<0,使SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,線段SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0.(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),請(qǐng)直接寫出線段SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的數(shù)量關(guān)系;(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),①請(qǐng)寫出線段SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0之間的數(shù)量關(guān)系,并說明理由;②若點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的三等分點(diǎn),請(qǐng)直接寫出SKIPIF1<0的值.【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0(2)①SKIPIF1<0,證明見解析;②SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0【分析】(1)線段SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的數(shù)量關(guān)系∶SKIPIF1<0,理由:如圖,連接SKIPIF1<0,由四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0平分SKIPIF1<0的條件,可得出:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,利用SKIPIF1<0證明SKIPIF1<0,得出SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,最后再說明SKIPIF1<0是等邊三角形可得到結(jié)論;(2)①如圖,連接SKIPIF1<0,先證明四邊形SKIPIF1<0是矩形,可得到SKIPIF1<0,然后仿照(1)證明思路,利用SKIPIF1<0證明SKIPIF1<0,得出SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,再說明SKIPIF1<0,利用勾股定理可得到SKIPIF1<0,然后在SKIPIF1<0中,由勾股定理SKIPIF1<0,最后代入即可得到SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0之間的數(shù)量關(guān)系式;②根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的三等分點(diǎn),分兩種情況解答:第一種情況:SKIPIF1<0;第二種情況:SKIPIF1<0.【詳解】(1)解:線段SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的數(shù)量關(guān)系∶SKIPIF1<0,理由如下:如圖,連接SKIPIF1<0,∵四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0平分SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0是等邊三角形,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0是等邊三角形,∴SKIPIF1<0.(2)①如圖,連接SKIPIF1<0,∵四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,SKIPIF1<0,∴四邊形SKIPIF1<0是矩形,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0平分SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.②點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的三等分點(diǎn),分兩種情況:第一種情況:SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,由①可知:在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0由①可知:在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,由①可知:在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0;第二種情況:SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,由①可知:在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0由①可知:在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,由①可知:在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.∴SKIPIF1<0的值為SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.6.(2
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