人教版高考英語一輪復習講義必修五　Unit1GreatScientists

第一部分基礎知識必修五Unit1GreatScientists1.了解科學家如何以探索、鉆研、無畏的科研精神驗證未知的科學真理。2.感悟科學家周密觀察、勇于探索、認真分析的科學精神，了解科學發(fā)現(xiàn)的全過程具有其科學的嚴密性。Doyouknowthecharacteristicsofradium?Doyouknowwhoputforwardthescientificconclusionofitsusage?Whoanalyzedthespecialmaterial?Whodefeatedakindofdeadlydiseaseexposedtotheneighbourhood?Anexpertoraphysician?Whowouldliketoattendtothepatientsandchallengetheseveredisease?Whowouldliketohandletheterriblesituations?Weretheyafraidtobevictims?Iamabsorbedinthestoriesoffamouspeople.Theymaybesuspectedtobemadmen.Theythemselvescouldn'tforeseethefuture.Theymaybeblamedfordoingsomethingcrazy.Buttheylinktheirlifetotheworld.Theyhopetomakecontributionstotheworld.Apartfromtheirpositiveattitude,theirenthusiasticdreaminstructedthemselvestobeconstructors.Theywerestrictwiththemselves.Theywerecautious.Theyhopedtostartthemovementtodosomethingformankind.Theireffortsmadesenseatlast.Theirconstructionworkwasn'trejected.Infact,theirworkwasannouncedtobegreat.1.putforward提出2.defeatvt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫n.失敗3.attendvt.照顧；護理；出席；參加4.expose...to使顯露；暴露5.curen.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治療6.challengen.挑戰(zhàn)vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)7.blamevt.責備；譴責n.過失；責備8.pollutevt.污染；弄臟9.contributevt.&vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助我完全被這些名人的經歷所吸引。Iamabsorbedinthestoriesoffamouspeople.★radiumn.鐳★characteristicadj.特有的；獨特的n．特性，特征；性質★scientificadj.科學的★concludevt.&vi.結束；推斷出★analysevt.分析★expertadj.熟練的；經驗或知識豐富的n．專家；行家★exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光★victimn.受害者★absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使專心★suspectvt.懷疑n.被懷疑者；嫌疑犯★neighbourhoodn.附近；鄰近★severeadj.嚴重的；劇烈的；嚴厲的★foreseevt.預見；預知★handlen.柄；把手vt.處理；操縱★linkvt.&n.連接；聯(lián)系★announcevt.宣布；通知★instructvt.命令；指示；教導★constructvt.建設；修建★apartfrom除……之外；此外★positiveadj.積極的；肯定的；確實的★(be)strictwith...對……嚴格的★makesense講得通；有意義★enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的★cautiousadj.小心的；謹慎的★rejectvt.拒絕；不接受；拋★conclusionn.結論；結束★physiciann.醫(yī)生；內科醫(yī)師★constructionn.建設；建筑物★movementn.移動；運動；動作一、重點單詞需牢記1.concludevt.&vi.結束；推斷出concludesth.withsth./bydoingsth.以……結束concludesth.(fromsth.)that...(從……)推斷出，斷定Heconcludedfromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.他從他們的話語中推斷出他們不贊同此項計劃。conclusionn.結論；結束draw/reach/arriveat/etoaconclusion得出結論etotheconclusionthat...所得結論是……inconclusion最后I'veetotheconclusionthatheisnottherightpersonforthejob.我斷定他不適合做這項工作。2.defeatvt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫；使(計劃、希望)落空n.失敗I'vetriedtosolvetheproblem,butitdefeatsme!我想解決這問題，但卻被難倒了。defeat，beat，win與overedefeat和beat都表示在戰(zhàn)斗或競賽中“戰(zhàn)勝，打敗(對手)”，后接競爭對手。如defeat/beatthepetitor/thecountry/theteam...打敗對手/國家/團隊……；win也表示“戰(zhàn)勝，贏得”，但它的賓語通常是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎品或表示尊重、崇拜之類意義的詞，winarace/abattle/awar/ascholarship/aprize/amedal/success/friendship/reward...贏得比賽/戰(zhàn)役/戰(zhàn)爭/獎學金/獎品/獎章/成功/友誼/獎賞……overe意為“克服，戰(zhàn)勝”，既可用于戰(zhàn)斗或任何競賽，又可用于感情、習慣等方面，強調壓倒或勝過。3.attendvt.照顧；護理；出席；參加attendschool/college上學/大學attendalecture/meeting聽講座/出席會議attendawedding/ceremony出席婚禮/參加典禮attendto處理；照顧Whichdoctorisattendingyou?哪個醫(yī)生為你看?。縃ehastoattend(on)hissickson.他不得不照顧生病的兒子。Hehasagreatdealtoattendtotoday.他今天有許多事要處理。4.exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光expose...to使顯露；暴露exposesth.tosb.向某人揭發(fā)某事beexposedto暴露于……，處于……危險中Beingexposedtosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.暴露在陽光下太久對皮膚有害。Thefactthatchildrenareexposedtotoomanyviolentonlinegamesworriesparentsnowadaysaswellasthesociety.②他向公眾揭露了毒奶粉事件的真相。Itisreportedthathe__exposed__thetruthofthemilkpoisoningincident__to__thepublic.孩子們接觸到太多的暴力網絡游戲，這一事實使現(xiàn)在的家長和社會尤為擔心。5.challengen.挑戰(zhàn)vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)accept/take/faceachallenge應戰(zhàn)meetthechallenge滿足要求；完成任務challengesb.todosth.向某人挑戰(zhàn)做某事HereceivedachallengetoaTVdebate.他接到電視辯論的挑戰(zhàn)。Nowadaysnoonewillchallengethefactthattheearthisround.現(xiàn)在沒有人會對地球是圓的這一事實提出異議。challengingadj.具有挑戰(zhàn)性的；激發(fā)人們思考的challengedadj.受到挑戰(zhàn)的6.absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使專心；理解，掌握absorbsth.(into...)吸收……absorboneselfin(＝beabsorbedin)全神貫注于……Thebankswouldbeforcedtoabsorblargelosses. 銀行將被迫承受巨大的損失。Ikeepthelessonsimplebecausesmallkidscan'tabsorbthatmuch.我把課講得很簡單，因為小孩子理解不了那么多。absorbedadj.聚精會神的；專心致志的beabsorbedby/into...被……吞并；被……所吸收beabsorbed/buriedin全神貫注于；專心于Youcouldtellhewasabsorbedinhisconversation,notpayingmuchattentiontotheroad.可以看出，他當時光顧著說話而沒有注意到路上的情況。7.blamevt.責備；譴責；把……歸咎于n.過失；責備blamesb.forsth.因某事而責備某人blamesth.onsb.把某事怪到某人頭上betoblame(for...)應承擔責任；該受責備(用主動形式表被動意義)get/accept/bear/taketheblamefor...對……負責lay/puttheblameforsth.onsb.把某事歸咎于某人身上Policeareblamingtheaccidentondangerousdriving.警方把事故歸咎于危險駕駛。Mr.Greensaidthathewasnottheonetoblame.格林先生說他不是該受譴責的人。8.contributevt.&vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助；引起，導致；有助于contribute...to...把……貢獻給……；向……投稿contributeto＋n./v.－ing導致……；有助于……Eatingtoomuchfatcancontributetoheartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.攝入太多的脂肪會導致心臟病和高血壓的發(fā)生。contributionn.貢獻；捐款；稿件makeacontributionto...對……做出貢獻 二、重點短語需精通1.putforward提出；推薦；把(鐘表等)撥快；將……提前出Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackhole?誰提出了關于黑洞的理論？Theyhaveputforwardthedateoftheirweddingbyoneweek.他們將婚禮日期提前了一周。表示“提出”的及物短語有eupwith和bringup，不及物短語有eup。putaside把……放在一邊；儲存……以備用；不考慮putaway把……放好；儲存……以備用；處理掉putdown放下；評定；制止；卸下；降低putoff推遲；阻止；脫掉；使分心；關掉puton把……放在……上；穿上；裝出；增加；上演putout放出；生產；發(fā)布；熄滅；困擾；麻煩putup舉起；進行；建造；接待；張貼；暫住putupwith/bear/stand/tolerate容忍；忍受putthrough接通；完成；使經受putin插話；添上2.link...to...將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來linkAto/withB把A與B相連linkup連接起來link，join，connect，bine與unitelink指不同事物間的聯(lián)系。常用belinkedwith。join指的是任何事物的直接連接，有“還能分開”之意。connect指的是通過某種媒介物把事物連接起來。bine著重指為了共同的目的而結合在一起。unite強調緊密地結合成一體，含“極難分開”之意。3.apartfrom除……之外；此外Apartfromtheregularhousing，almosteverytribehadsomestyleofhousing.除了常規(guī)的房舍，每個部落都有自己的一些建筑風格。Apartfromcriminalinvestigationtechniques,studentslearnforensicmedicine,philosophyandlogic. 除罪案調查技巧外，學生們還要學習法醫(yī)學、哲學和邏輯學。Theroomwasemptyapartfromonemanseatedbesidethefire.除了有個男人坐在火爐邊，房間里空蕩蕩的?！颾esides意為“除了……之外，還有……”，指“在整體中加入一部分”；★except指從所提到的人或事物中除去，即從整體中除去一部分；★exceptfor指對整體主要部分的肯定和對局部的否定，起部分修正主要意思的作用；表示非同類事物間進行比較；置于句首，④姑且不論價格，這件衣服不適合我。__Apart__from/Besides/In__addition__to__thecost,thedressdoesn'tsuitme.⑤除了封面破了，它是本好書。Itisagoodbook,apart__from/except__for__thetorncover.表達except的含義；★apartfrom既可表示besides，也可以表示except或exceptfor，還可以表示without的意思；★but相當于except，但常用在不定代詞或疑問詞后；★inaddition相當于副詞besides，表示“另外”；inadditionto相當于介詞besides。4.makesense講得通；有意義Itmakessensetoworkontheproblembeforeitgetsoutofcontrol.在失控前盡力解決這個問題，這么做是明智的。makesenseof理解，明白makenosense沒道理，沒意義Thereisnosenseindoingsth.做……沒道理inasense在某一方面；就某種意義來說innosense決不Onlywhenyoureadbetweenthelinesseveraltimescanyoumakesenseofthemainideaofthispassage.只有當你反復閱讀字里行間的意思時才能理解這篇文章的大意。 三、重點句式能熟用1.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.每次爆發(fā)霍亂時，都有大批驚恐的老百姓病死。everytime是名詞詞組用作連詞，引導一個時間狀語從句，相當于whenever,意思是“每當……的時候”。Everytime/Eachtimetheymet,theywouldtalklonghourstogether.他們每次見面都會交談很長時間。(1)名詞詞組作連詞用，引導時間狀語從句的還有：eachtime,anytime，thelasttime，nexttime，thefirsttime，themoment，thesecond，theminute，thehour，theday等。(2)有些副詞，如directly，instantly，immediately也可引導狀語從句，表示“一……就……”。Inapinstripedsuitheinstantlylookedlikeastuffedshirt. 穿上一套細條紋西裝后，他馬上就顯得一本正經起來。2.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有把太陽放在中心位置上，太空中其他行星的運動才能說得清楚。這是一個倒裝句?！皁nly＋狀語從句”放在句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。Onlyifyoumasteruniqueskillscanyougetclosetothesecreaturesandcatchthem.只有掌握了絕招，你才可以靠近這些動物，捉住他們。onlyif只要，只有，通常引導陳述語氣的真實條件句，是必要條件ifonly但愿，要是……就好了，常引導虛擬語氣的條件句、感嘆句四、話題寫作多積累訓練二十一：寫組圖——記敘文類組圖通常是給出一組圖片，這組圖片按照先后順序呈現(xiàn)一件事情發(fā)生的過程，考生需要按照所給組圖的先后順序來描述事情發(fā)生的整個經過，中間可以適當發(fā)表個人觀點和想法。第一步：明確寫作任務。組圖記敘類文章的體裁肯定是記敘文，而記敘文在寫作中需要準確交代五個W和一個H，即What,Who,When,Where,Why,How。第二步：靈活安排寫作順序。記敘文的寫作通常是按照事情發(fā)展的先后順序來推進，但有時也可以采用倒敘、插敘等方式來進行寫作。第三步：合理選擇人稱。一般來說，英語記敘文都是采用第一人稱或第三人稱來進行敘述。當作者把自己看作是整個事件的“參與者”，便可以采用第一人稱進行敘述；第三人稱則是作者從“旁觀者”的角度出發(fā)來展開敘述。這樣的敘述往往可以讓人感覺到內容的客觀性和真實性。對于重大事件的報道或者敘述他人的事跡時，往往采用第三人稱。第四步：準確把握時態(tài)。記敘文通常采用一般過去時等與過去相關的時態(tài)，這也是近幾年高考寫作真題的特點。第一段：Thestorytookplace(時間和地點)________．第二段：事件起因(要點一/圖片一的內容)________、事件發(fā)展(要點二、三……/圖片二、三……的內容)________、事件結局(最后一個要點/最后一張圖片的內容)________．第三段：Fromthestory,Ifeel(自己的看法或感想)________.【例1】完成句子①從這些事實中你得出什么結論？__What__doyou__conclude__from__thefacts?②他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”結束他的演講。He__concluded__his__speech__with__afamoussaying：Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.③最后，我想向我的家人表示感謝。__In__conclusion,__I'dliketoexpressmythankstomyfamily.concludeby/with以……結束concludebyremarking結束時說concludefromexperience根據(jù)經驗得出結論concludefromthefact從事實中得出結論，根據(jù)事實推斷【例2】用beat、defeat、overe或者win的適當形式填空①Bynotworkinghardenoughyou__defeated__yourownpurpose.②Wehavethecourageto__overe__difficulties.③Whois__beating__thedrum?④He__won__thefirstprizeinthewritingcontest.⑤Whenhe__was__defeated,__hecamedowntoearth.【例3】完成句子①他在這個領域很出名，今晚會有成千上萬的敬仰者參加他的講座。He'sfamousinthisfield,andthousandsoffanswill__attend__his__lecture__thisevening.②稍后我們將關注這個問題。We'll__attend__to__theproblemlater.【例4】(1)使用恰當?shù)慕樵~填空①當面對危險和沖突時，人們往往血壓升高，感到緊張或焦慮。When__exposed__todangerandconflict,mentendtoincreasebloodpressure,feelingnervousandanxious.【例5】用challenge的恰當形式填空①老師給了我們一個具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務。我覺得自己受到了挑戰(zhàn)。但是我相信自己能戰(zhàn)勝這次挑戰(zhàn)。Theteachergaveusa__challenging__task.Ifeelmyself__challenged__butIbelieveIcandefeatthe__challenge__.②It'sreally__a__challenge__forateenagertostudyabroadafterhighschool.【例6】使用恰當?shù)慕樵~填空①該物質可以吸收地球向外輻射的能量。Thematerialcanabsorboutward－goingradiation__from__theEarth.②這位年輕作家在她的書房里一連十幾個小時專心思考和創(chuàng)作她的新小說。pletelyabsorbed__in__hernewnovel,theyoungwriterkeptthinkingandwritingforadozenhoursinherstudy.③由于受全球金融危機的影響，大多數(shù)小店已被并入大公司。Mostlittleshopshavebeenabsorbed__into__bigbusinessesduetotheinfluenceoftheglobalfinancialcrisis.【例7】同義句轉換那位醉酒司機應該承擔交通事故責任。Thedrunkdrivershouldtaketheblameforthetrafficaccident.＝Thedrunkdrivershould____be__to__blame__forthetrafficaccident.＝Weshould__put__the__blame__for__thetrafficaccidentonthedrunkdriver.＝Weshouldblamethedrunkdriver__for__thetrafficaccident.【例8】用所給詞的適當形式填空①我相信你的建議一定有助于問題的解決。I'msureyoursuggestionwillcontributeto__solving__(solve)theproblem.②政府應為那位工程師對這座城市的發(fā)展所做出的貢獻給予他榮譽。Thegovernmentshouldhonortheengineerforthe__contribution__(contribute)hehasmadetothecity'sdevelopment.【例1】完成句子①我易于接受電視上專家所提出的觀點。Itendtoacceptanyideaput__forward__byexpertsonTV.②存些錢養(yǎng)老是明智的做法。Itiswisetohavesomemoneyput__away/aside__foroldage.③幾年來已有好幾個類似理論相繼提出。Overtheyearsseveralsimilartheorieshavebeenputforward__． ④我可以忍受房間亂點兒，但我討厭它不干凈。Icanput__up__with__thehousebeinguntidy,butIhateitifit'snotclean.⑤那所教師培訓學院為該學院的創(chuàng)立者立了一塊紀念牌匾。Theteachertrainingcollegeput__up__aplaquetothecollege'sfounder. 【例2】使用恰當?shù)慕樵~填空①請把這根竿子和那根竿子接起來。Pleasejointhispole__to__thatone.②這班飛機在紐約可接上另一趟航班。Thisflightconnects__with__NewYorkone.③我們應該理論聯(lián)系實際。Weshouldbinetheory__with__practice.④這條公路連接著上海和北京。ThehighwaylinksShanghai__to/with__Beijing.【例3】使用恰當?shù)慕樵~填空①我覺得她不但長得非常漂亮，而且還有很多優(yōu)秀品質。Ithinkshehasmanygoodqualities__besides__beingverybeautiful. ②除了吹得堆積起來的地方，雪只有小腿肚深。Thesnow,__except__whereitdrifted,wasonlycalf－deep.③我把所有東西都賣了，只剩下汽車和書。IsoldeverythingIowned__except__for__mycarandmybooks.【例4】完成句子①提前這么久做計劃沒有意義。Planningsofarahead__makes__no__sense__．②如果我們打算以后把門換掉，那我給它上漆就毫無意義了。__There__is__no__sense__inmypaintingthedoorifwe'regoingtoreplaceitlater.③決不能允許人們獵殺野生動物以獲取它們的肉或皮毛。__In__no__sense__arepeopleallowedtohuntwildanimalsfortheirmeatorfur.【例1】完成句子填空①不要一有問題就跑來向我哭訴。Don'tebleatingtome__every__time__somethinggoeswrong. ②下次你來北京，務必要提前告訴我。__Next__time__youetoBeijing,besuretoletmeknowinadvance.③見到他的那一刻，我就知道發(fā)生了什么事。__The__moment__Isawhim,Iknewwhathadhappened.④我一做完那件事就對自己感到十分厭惡。__Immediately__I'vedoneitIfeelpletelydisgustedwithmyself.【例2】完成句子①一個人只有離開家時，才會意識到家的溫暖。__Only__when__oneisawayfromhomedoesherealizehownicehishomeis.②只有努力學習，你才會通過考試。__Only__if__youstudyhardwillyoupasstheexam.③要是他駕駛得沒有那么快就好了！__If__only__hehadn'tdrivensofast!(2017北京市朝陽區(qū)高三下第二次綜測)假設你是紅星中學高三(1)班學生李華。上周六你和同學騎共享單車去購書時看到某些不文明現(xiàn)象。請根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，以“OurMeaningfulWork”為題，給校刊“英語角”寫一篇英文稿件，介紹事情的整個過程。注意：詞數(shù)不少于60。提示詞：共享單車sharedbicycleOurMeaningfulWorkLastSaturdaymyclassmatesandIdidsomemeaningfulworkaswewenttobuybooks.ThatafternoonwerodesharedbicyclestoBeijingBookBuildingasplanned.Everyonewasexcited,enjoyingtheconveniencebroughtaboutbythesharedbicycles.However,somethingunexpectedhappenedonarrival.Wenoticedthesharedbicyclesparkedhereandthere,blockingthewayofthepassersby.Oneofmyclassmatesproposedplacingtheminorder,sowegotdowntoworkimmediately.Ittookusabouttwentyminutestofinishthework.Seeingthetidilyarrangedbicycles,weallfeltdelighted.Wealsoreceivedhighpraiseforwhatwehaddone.Theexperiencecausedmyconcernaboutsharedbicycles.Ithinkweshouldputtheminplaceafterusingthem,whichnotonlybringsusneatandtidyenvironment,butalsoreflectsqualitiesofagoodcitizen.學生要采用第一人稱來寫作，寫出活動的內容，并發(fā)表自己的感受，要適當運用高級句型和詞匯，恰當使用連接詞。考向一在語法填空中設題(2017全國卷Ⅱ)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost________(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite－paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.【答案】successful考查形容詞。最成功的地鐵之一。根據(jù)前面的wasoneofthemost可知，此處要用形容詞形式。有些同學可能會誤填successes。themost為最高級，不可修飾名詞，因為后面有l(wèi)ines，此處successful后面的lines省略了?？枷蚨陂喿x理解中考查“了不起的人”(2016全國卷Ⅱ，D)AnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.FrankHurley'spictureswouldbeoutstanding—undoubtedlyfirst－ratephoto－journalism—iftheyhadbeenmadelastweek.Infact,theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck(海難),byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofsurvival.Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest,underfreezingwater,inthedamagedwoodenship.TheshipwastheEndurance,asmall,tight,Norwegian－builtthree－masterthatwasintendedtotakeSirErnestShackletonandasmallcrewofseamenandscientists,27meninall,tothesouthernmostshoreofAntarctica'sWeddellSea.FromthatpointShackletonwantedtoforceapassagebydogsled(雪橇)acrossthecontinent.ThejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.CaptainScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912buthaddiedwithhisfourpanionsonthemarchback.AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwell－researchedstoryTheEndurance,adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlymercialeffort.Scott'slastjourney,pletedashelayinatentdyingofcoldandhunger,caughttheworld'simagination,andafilmmadeinhishonordrewcrowds.Shackleton,aonetimeBritishmerchant－navyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography.FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.1.WhatdoweknowaboutthephotostakenbyHurley?A.Theyweremadelastweek.B.Theyshowedunderseasceneries.C.Theywerefoundbyacameraman.D.Theyrecordedadisastrousadventure.2.WhoreachedtheSouthPolefirstaccordingtothetext?A.FrankHurley.B.ErnestShackleton.C.RobertFalconScott.D.CarolineAlexander.3.WhatdoesAlexanderthinkwasthepurposeofthe1914voyage?A.Artisticcreation.B.Scientificresearch.C.Moneymaking.D.Treasurehunting. 【語篇解讀】1912年，挪威探險家RobertFalconScott登上了南極，但卻在返回途中與四名同伴一起不幸遇難。另一位探險家SirErnestShackleton雇請了一名攝影師隨行，決心要重新登頂南極，卻也不幸遭遇海難，幸運的是，這些被冰封的照片留存了下來，向我們講述了那一次失敗的探險。1.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中Infact,theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck(海難),byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofsurvival可知，F(xiàn)rankHurley所拍攝的照片歷經了一次海難保存了下來，故選D項。2.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句CaptainScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912以及最后一段中Scott'slastjourney,pletedashelayinatentdyingofcoldandhunger,caughttheworld'sattention可知，CaptainScott是第一個登頂南極的人，故選C項。3.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的第一句AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwell－researchedstoryTheEndurance,adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlymercialeffort可知，Alexander認為，Scott那個時代的探險是純商業(yè)性質的，即目的都是為了賺錢，故應該選C項。計策1：oneofthemost是最高級的線索計策2：修飾newlines用形容詞計策1：理清同一事件中的“參與者”計策2：比較“共同經歷”者們在事件中的“異同點”計策3：看題干，帶著問題讀文章首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調等，這類題必須經過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息，然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀，對有關信息進行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的準確率。計策4：邏輯推理，做好深層理解題在實際閱讀中，有時作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關系，研究細節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。一、詞匯拓展1.charactern.特征；人物→__characteristic__n.特征；特性2.paintvt.繪畫→__painter__n.畫家；油漆匠→__painting__n.畫作3.sciencen.科學的→__scientific__adj.科學的4.concludevt.&vi.結束；推斷出→__conclusion__n.結論；結束5.analysevt.分析→__analysis__n.分析6.attendvt.照顧；護理；出席；參加→__attendant__n.出席者7.physicsn.物理→__physician__n.醫(yī)生；內科醫(yī)師→__physicist__n.物理學家8.exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光→__exposed__adj.暴露的9.challengen.挑戰(zhàn)vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)→__challenging__adj.有挑戰(zhàn)性的10.severeadj.嚴重的；劇烈的；嚴厲的→__severely__adv.嚴重地11.pollutevt.污染；弄臟→__pollution__n.污染12.announcevt.宣布；通知→__announcement__n.宣布；通知13.instructvt.命令；指示；教導→__instruction__n.命令；指示；教導14.constructvt.建設；修建→__construction__n.建設；建筑物→__constructive__adj.有建設性的15.contributevt.&vi.捐獻；貢獻；捐助→__contribution__n.捐獻；貢獻；捐助16.positiveadj.積極的；肯定的；確實的→__positively__adv.積極地17.movev.移動→__movement__n.移動；運動；動作18.enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的→__enthusiasm__n.熱情19.cautionn.小心；謹慎→__cautious__adj.小心的；謹慎的20.rejectvt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄→__rejection__n.拒絕21.universen.宇宙；世界→__universal__adj.宇宙的二、單句語法填空1.Takecarenottokeepyourchildren__exposed__(expose)tobadbooks,putergamesorwebsites.2.Don'talwaysblameyourownfailureonothers.Sometimesyouyourselfare__to__blame__(blame)．3.Thebuildingaroundthecornercaughtfirelastnight.Thepolicearenowlooking__into__thematter.4.Afterafortnight's__treatment__(treat),thedoctorsuccessfullycuredme__of__myheadache.5.Ifoundhewaspletely__absorbed__(absorb)inthehumorousstorieshewasreading.6.—Couldyoupleasehelpmewiththisproblem?—Certainly.Firstofall,let's__analyze__(analysis)theproblemandseewherewentwrong.7.Oldasheis,hegetsmygrandsonto__instruct__(instruction)himonhowtoemailandusetheInternet.8.Theysuspectedhim__of__killingthegirlbutfoundnoevidenceyet.9.Manycancervictimscanbe__cured__(cure)ifthediseaseisfoundearlyenough.10.Attheendoftheirmeeting,itwas__announced__(announce)thatanagreementhadbeenreached.11.Kelleris__cautious__(caution)aboutmakingpredictionsforthesuccessoftheprogram.12.—Excuseme,canIput__forward__mysuggestion?—Goahead.三、完成句子1.—Whyishefeelingdowntoday?—Becausethesuggestionhe__put__forward__(提出)hasbeenturneddown.2.We'dbetterputforward提出；將……提前；向前移；將鐘撥快putforwardto提出discusstheissueindetailbeforewe__draw__a__conclusion__(得出結論).3.__Apart__from__a__few__faults__(除了有幾個缺點外),heisafaithfulfriend.4.Iwrotealetterofplaint,andthemanagerhaspromisedto__look__into__(調查)thematter.makesenseof理解，明白5.Idon'tthinkit__makes__sense__(有意義)tofocusonlyonprovidingbasicservices.6.Itisnotthechildbuthisparentswho__are__to__blame__(應受責備)fo