《水處理技術(shù)（雙語）》課件-膜過濾-精過濾

MembraneFiltration-FineFiltration膜過濾-精過濾膜基礎(chǔ)理論概述Overviewofbasicmembranetheory1.膜：是指在一種流體相內(nèi)或是在兩種流體相之間有一層薄的凝聚相，它把流體相分隔為互不相通的兩部分，并能使這兩部分之間產(chǎn)生傳質(zhì)作用。Membrane:Athincohesivelayerwithinafluidphaseorbetweentwofluidphases,whichseparatesthefluidphasesintotwopartsthatarenotincontactwitheachotherandenablesmasstransferbetweenthesetwoparts.2.膜過濾：是指利用特定材質(zhì)的薄膜過濾掉液體（水）中的污染物或其他成分的過濾方法。膜過濾采用的是一種半透膜，它只允許特定的物質(zhì)可通過薄膜。Membranefiltration:isafiltrationmethodthatusesamembraneofaspecificmaterialtofilteroutcontaminantsorothercomponentsfromaliquid(water).Membranefiltrationusesasemi-permeablemembranewhichallowsonlyspecificsubstancestopassthroughthemembrane.膜基礎(chǔ)理論概述Overviewofbasicmembranetheory3.膜分離過程原理：以選擇性膜為分離介質(zhì)，通過在膜兩邊施加一個(gè)推動(dòng)力（如濃度差、壓力差或電位差等）時(shí)，使原料側(cè)組分選擇性地透過膜，以達(dá)到分離提純的目的。通常膜原料側(cè)稱為膜上游，透過側(cè)稱為膜下游。Membraneseparationprocessprinciple:selectivemembraneastheseparationmedium,byapplyingadrivingforce(suchasconcentrationdifference,pressuredifferenceorpotentialdifference,etc.)onbothsidesofthemembrane,sothattherawmaterialsidecomponentsselectivelythroughthemembrane,inordertoachievethepurposeofseparationandpurification.Usuallytherawmaterialsideofthemembraneiscalledtheupstreamsideofthemembrane,andthepermeablesideiscalledthedownstreamsideofthemembrane.膜基礎(chǔ)理論概述Overviewofbasicmembranetheory4.膜過濾按照過濾精度等級(jí)可分為4類：Membranefiltrationcanbedividedinto4categoriesaccordingtotheleveloffiltrationprecision.1）微濾（MF）Microfiltration(MF)2）超濾（UF）Ultrafiltration(UF)3）納米過濾（NF）Nanofiltration(NF)4）超微過濾（HF），也稱反滲透（RO）Ultra-filtration(HF),alsoknownasreverseosmosis(RO)膜基礎(chǔ)理論概述Overviewofbasicmembranetheory5.膜過濾的兩種運(yùn)行模式Twomodesofoperationformembranefiltration1）死端過濾Dead-endfiltration污垢在過濾裝置的表面聚積。所有流體均通過過濾裝置。示例：沙濾裝置、過濾篩等Dirtbuildsuponthesurfaceofthefiltrationunit.Allfluidspassthroughthefilterunit.Examples:sandfilterunits,filterscreens,etc.優(yōu)點(diǎn)：功耗低。Advantages:lowpowerconsumption.缺點(diǎn)：結(jié)垢快。

Disadvantages:fastscaling.膜基礎(chǔ)理論概述Overviewofbasicmembranetheory2）錯(cuò)流過濾

Staggeredflowfiltration流體通過過濾裝置的表面。部分流體穿過。穿過過濾裝置表面的流體有助于防止污垢在過濾裝置表面聚積。Fluidpassesoverthesurfaceofthefilter.Partofthefluidpassesthrough.Thefluidpassingthroughthesurfaceofthefilterhelpspreventdirtfromaccumulatingonthesurfaceofthefilter.優(yōu)點(diǎn)：自行清潔。Advantages:self-cleaning.缺點(diǎn)：能耗高。Disadvantages:highenergyconsumption膜基礎(chǔ)理論概述Overviewofbasicmembranetheory6.膜的特性：不管膜多薄,它必須有兩個(gè)界面。這兩個(gè)界面分別與兩側(cè)的流體相接觸。Membraneproperties:Nomatterhowthinamembraneis,itmusthavetwointerfaces.Thesetwointerfacesareincontactwiththefluidoneachside.7.膜傳質(zhì)有選擇性：它可以使流體相中的一種或幾種物質(zhì)透過，而不允許其它物質(zhì)透過。Membranemasstransferisselective:itallowsoneormoresubstancesinthefluidphasetopassthrough,whilenotallowingothersubstancestopassthrough.膜基礎(chǔ)理論概述Overviewofbasicmembranetheory8.膜分離過程：Membraneseparationprocess.

是以選擇性透過膜為分離介質(zhì)，當(dāng)膜兩側(cè)存在某種推動(dòng)力(如壓力差、濃度差、電位差、溫度差等)時(shí)，原料側(cè)組分選擇性地透過膜，以達(dá)到分離、提純的目的。Isaselectivepermeablemembraneastheseparationmedium,whenthereisacertaindrivingforceonbothsidesofthemembrane(suchaspressuredifference,concentrationdifference,potentialdifference,temperaturedifference,etc.),therawmaterialsideofthecomponentselectivelythroughthemembrane,inordertoachievethepurposeofseparationandpurification.不同的膜過程使用不同的膜，推動(dòng)力也不同。Differentmembraneprocessesusedifferentmembraneswithdifferentdrivingforces.EDS膜過濾的簡介IntroductiontoEDSmembranefiltrationEDS膜過濾工作單元由一個(gè)中空纖維膜、兩個(gè)水箱、泵、閥門、傳感器和控制軟件FluidLab等組成，可以完整模擬膜過濾技術(shù)的錯(cuò)流過濾、死端過濾、反沖洗、壓力測試等工藝。TheEDSmembranefiltrationworkcellconsistsofahollowfibremembrane,twotanks,pumps,valves,sensorsandthecontrolsoftwareFluidLab,whichallowscompletesimulationoftheprocessesofstaggeredflowfiltration,dead-endfiltration,backwashingandpressuretestingofmembranefiltrationtechnology.EDS膜過濾的簡介IntroductiontoEDSmembranefiltration需要了解掌握的內(nèi)容：Whatyouneedtoknowtomaster.1）膜過濾工藝（錯(cuò)流過濾、死端過濾、反沖洗、壓力測試）Membranefiltrationprocesses(staggeredflowfiltration,dead-endfiltration,backwashing,pressuretesting)2）元件學(xué)習(xí)：結(jié)構(gòu)、原理、功能等Componentlearning:structure,principle,function,etc.3）機(jī)械裝配：水路裝配、氣路裝配、結(jié)構(gòu)件裝配等Mechanicalassembly:watercircuitassembly,aircircuitassembly,structuralpartsassembly,etc.4）電氣接線：布線、綁線、剝線、壓線、接線等Electricalwiring:wiring,wiretying,wirestripping,crimping,wiring,etc.5）過程控制：PID參數(shù)整定、壓力、流量、液位，曲線和數(shù)據(jù)分析等Processcontrol:PIDparameteradjustment,pressure,flow,level,curveanddataanalysis,etc.EDS膜過濾的簡介IntroductiontoEDSmembranefiltration6）泵的控制：開關(guān)量控制、模擬量控制、干運(yùn)行保護(hù)等

Pumpcontrol:switchingcontrol,analogcontrol,dryrunprotection,etc.7）閥的控制：氣動(dòng)球閥、比例閥、介質(zhì)閥、兩通電磁閥、手動(dòng)閥、單向閥等Valvecontrol:pneumaticballvalves,proportionalvalves,mediavalves,two-waysolenoidvalves,manualvalves,checkvalves,etc.8）傳感器應(yīng)用：壓力、流量、液位、氯含量、氧含量、功率等Sensorapplications:pressure,flow,liquidlevel,chlorinecontent,oxygencontent,power,etc.9）回路圖學(xué)習(xí)：電路圖、氣路圖、PI圖Circuitdiagramstudy:circuitdiagram,aircircuitdiagram,PIdiagram10）技術(shù)規(guī)范：機(jī)械、電氣、氣路、水路、控制等Technicalspecifications:mechanical,electrical,pneumatic,water,control,etc.11）比賽任務(wù)：世賽真題、評(píng)分規(guī)則和評(píng)分表等Competitiontasks:WorldChampionshipquestions,scoringrulesandscoresheets,etc.12）項(xiàng)目管理：物料管理、工作計(jì)劃等Projectmanagement:materialmanagement,workplanning,etc.功能Function膜過濾在現(xiàn)代化水處理領(lǐng)域十分重要。Membranefiltrationisveryimportantinthemodernwatertreatmentfield.它在水處理中的應(yīng)用由膜孔隙的尺寸決定。

Itsapplicationinwatertreatmentisdeterminedbythesizeofthemembranepores.功能Function有飲用水和污水處理中的微濾和超濾。Therearemicrofiltrationandultrafiltrationindrinkingwater

andwastewatertreatment.這兩種方法的目的是例如截留病原體。Thepurposeofbothmethodsisforexampletointerceptpathogens.培訓(xùn)將討論錯(cuò)流過濾和死端過濾的區(qū)別。Thetrainingwilldiscussthedifferencebetweenwrong-flowfilteringanddead-endfiltering.圖為超濾與微濾在礦泉水制造中的應(yīng)用圖為

截留病原體圖為錯(cuò)流過濾和死端過濾的區(qū)別其他的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域：Otherapplicationareas：功能Function其他的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域：Otherapplicationareas：膜過濾工作單元同時(shí)擁有這兩種過濾功能。Themembranefiltrationworkunithasbothofthesefiltrationfunctions.使用錯(cuò)流模式時(shí)，調(diào)整跨膜壓力，以獲得最佳的過濾性能。膜過濾器的流入和流出量是可測量的，由此能夠確定膜的性能。Whenusingastaggeredflowpattern,thetransmembranepressureisadjustedforoptimalfiltrationperformance.Theinflowandoutflowofthemembranefilteraremeasurable,allowingtheperformanceofthemembranetobedetermined.出現(xiàn)過濾性能不佳時(shí)，將自動(dòng)進(jìn)行反向沖洗過程。反向沖洗采用設(shè)備先前產(chǎn)生的濾液。壓力保持測試用來檢驗(yàn)濾膜的功能性。Whenpoorfiltrationperformanceoccurs,abackwashprocessisautomaticallyperformed.Thebackflushusesthefiltratepreviouslygeneratedbytheequipment.Apressureholdtestisusedtoverifythefunctionalityofthefiltermembrane.功能Function其他的典型應(yīng)用有：Othertypicalapplicationsare.海水淡化應(yīng)用時(shí)的反滲透Reverseosmosisfordesalinationapplications制藥行業(yè)中的工藝用水處理Processwatertreatmentinthepharmaceuticalindustry發(fā)電廠的蒸汽制造Steamgenerationforpowerplants膜過濾硬件組成Membranefiltrationhardwarecomponents膜過濾硬件組成Membranefiltrationhardwarecomponents膜過濾硬件組成Membranefiltrationhardwarecomponents

濾芯孔徑：0.02微米Cartridgeporesize:0.02micron過濾面積：0.3平方米濾芯長度：0.5mFiltrationarea:0.3squaremetersCartridgelength:0.5m濾桶外徑：50mm

Outsidediameteroffilterdrum:50mm最大跨膜壓差：3bar

含管道系統(tǒng)和塞子的連接

Max.differentialpressureacrossmembrane:3barincl.connectionofpipingsystemandplugs1）過濾膜FiltrationMembrane膜過濾硬件組成Membranefiltrationhardwarecomponents最大電流：1.4AMaximumcurrent:1.4A最大功耗：34WMaximumpowerconsumption:34W標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣壓下流量：5.5L/minFlowrateatstandardatmosphericpressure:5.5L/min吸入高度：3米Suctionheight:3m應(yīng)用行業(yè)：噴墨打印、制藥、化工、消毒等Applicationindustries:inkjetprinting,pharmaceutical,chemical,sterilization,etc.2）隔膜液泵Diaphragmliquidpump泵水揚(yáng)程：10米Pumpinghead:10m適合流體：純凈水、自來水、冷卻水、油墨、化學(xué)液Suitablefluids:purewater,tapwater,coolingwater,ink,chemicalfluids模擬輸出：0-10V（實(shí)際壓力反饋）Analogueoutput:0-10V(actualpressurefeedback)輸入信號(hào)：0-10VInputsignal:0-10V膜過濾硬件組成Membranefiltrationhardwarecomponents1243）比例調(diào)壓閥Prop