專題11 中考閱讀理解-2023年江蘇省中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識過過過+高分題型練練練

專題11中考閱讀理解閱讀理解四種出題題型：一、主旨大意題閱讀理解的主題句一般具有以下特征：①概括全段思想。②一般位于段首、段尾或位于段中，它通常是用單詞、短語表達的。③解這種題目時，不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義，需要在細讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)語言知識、背景知識、生活常識等推理判斷，從而獲取文章中內(nèi)隱的信息。典型例題【例1】Ifyou’reluckyenoughtohavetodayofffromwork,themostimportantthingonyourto-dolististoactuallytakethedayoff.Takingtimetoletyourbrainrestreallymakesyoumorecreative,betteratproblem-solving,betteratcomingupwithcreativeideasNotmuchmoretosayhere!AllowyourselftoplantinfrontoftheTVtoday,rechargeyourbatteriesandgetagoodnight’ssleep.Itmightevenmakeyoumoreproductiveatworkthisweek.30.Whichsayingreachesanagreementwiththepassage?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.C.Betterlatethannever. D.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題。本文主要講工作休息之余放松的辦法，故D選項“只工作不玩耍，聰明的孩子也變傻”符合題意。故選D?！纠?】Peoplethinkthatsmartphonesandlaptopsareevidenceofprogress.Acertainnumberofonlinesearching,forexample,canbegoodforyourbrain,andthereareappsthatcandevelopyourbrain.Yettechimprovementsalsocomewithsomeunexpectedresults.37.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Surveyscarriedoutinschool. B.Appsusedtodevelopmemory.C.Progressmadeinelectronicproducts. D.Harmfulinfluencebroughtbydigitaltechnology.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Yettechimprovementsalsocomewithsomeunexpectedresults.”以及“Nowthatyou’reprobablyafraidoftheinfluenceoftechnology,letusremindyouthatyoudohavethepowertopreventit.Justlogoffeveryonceinawhile!”和全文內(nèi)容可知本文主要講述了數(shù)字技術(shù)帶來的有害影響。故選D?！纠?】EveryoneinthisworldworksbasedontheirTimeZone.Peoplearoundyoumightseemtogoaheadofyou,somemightseemtobebehindyou.Buteveryoneisrunningtheirownrace,intheirowntime.Don'tenvythemorlaughatthem.TheyareintheirTimeZone,andyouareinyours!Lifeisaboutwaitingfortherightmomenttoact.So,relax.You'renotlate.You'renotearly.You'reverymuchontime,andinyourTimeZone.26.Whatcanwelearnfromthepoem?A.Obamastartsat55,butTrumpretiresat70. B.Lifeisallaboutwaitingfortimezones.C.Theearlierwesucceed,thebetterwewillbe. D.Don'thurryandtakeyourownsteps.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題。本篇詩歌告訴我們，人生沒有所謂的“前后”之分，其實每個人都有自己的人生節(jié)奏。生命就是等待正確的行動時機，你沒有落后也提前，只是活在屬于你的節(jié)奏中，所以不要別急，按著自己步伐走。故選D。【例4】Thefirstdayofschool,ourprofessorintroducedanoldladyRosetous.“Whyareyouincollegeatsuchanage?”Iaskedher.Shereplied,“IalwaysdreamedofhavingacollegeeducationandnowI’mgettinggone!”Webecamefriendsquickly.……Attheendoftheyear,Rosefinishedhercollege.Oneweekaftergraduation,Rosediedpeacefullyinhersleep.Wewouldalwaysrememberthegreatwoman.5.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.LaughingeverydayB.NevertoooldtolearnC.GrowingoldandgrowingupD.Howtostayyoungandbeinghappy【答案】B【解析】本文圍繞著一個老太太為了實現(xiàn)自己的夢想，很大年紀上大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，這展示了活到老，學(xué)到老的精神。故選B。二、推斷題這種題目有一定難度，往往不能直接從文中找到答案，而必須根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系或?qū)φ恼逻M行深層理解后，才能找到答案。有時甚至還得聯(lián)系作者的態(tài)度、觀點、意圖、語氣等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，這些題目一般都是深層意義的題目，他們沒有明示，大多數(shù)屬于模糊性的，甚至是模棱兩可。應(yīng)特別注意以下特征：①吃透文章的表層意思，是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)；②推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文；③不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點；④在提問中常用的詞有suggest,mean,infer(推斷),fromthefact,indicate(暗示)conclusion，probably，likely，reason，because，accordingto"等。典型例題【例1】JoPatricia,adoctor,saidtechnologywastoblame.“Thisisapopulationthathasgrownupusingtechnology,oftensufferingfromsleeplessness,whichresultsinhighlevelsofforgetfulness,”shesaid.36.WhatisJoPatricia’sfeelingaboutdigitaltechnology?A.Supportive. B.Inactive. C.Confident. D.Curious.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“JoPatricia,adoctor,saidtechnologywastoblame”可知JoPatricia對數(shù)字技術(shù)保持不積極的態(tài)度，故選B?！纠?】Trudycouldn’twaittogetaway.Theroomwastoofullofbeautifulthings,includingalargegreen-and-whitevase(花瓶)withadragonpaintedontheside.Anyminutenowtherewouldbeadisaster,shefeltsure.Sheturnedtothedoor.Somethingfurry(毛茸茸的)brushedagainstherleg.Trudyjumpedbackwards.Thefurrythinggavealoud“YEOWLL!”Itleapedontothepiano.Trudyjumpedagain,sideways.Herarmhitthegreen-and-whitevase.Shewatchedinhorrorasitmovedfromsidetosidetosidetosidetosidetosideand...Itfelltothefloorandbrokeintolittlepieces.DISASTER.Nobodymoved.Thecat—whohadcausedthetrouble—satontopofthepiano,wavingitstail.ThenTrudysaid,“Oh,sorry,I’msorry.I’mreallysorry.It’sbecauseI’mclumsy(笨拙).That’swhyIdidn’twanttocomeintoyourhouse.Iknewsomethingwouldgetbroken.ItalwaysdoeswhenI’maround.”32.HowdidTrudyfeelwhenshesawthecatwavingitstailontopofthepiano?A.Angry. B.Surprised. C.Nervous. D.Proud.33.WhatcanwelearnfromthestoryaboutMrsWillow?A.Shewasalwaysagracefulswan. B.ShemetTrudyforthefirsttime.C.Shewastidyandconfidentbefore. D.Shehadmanyexpensivevases.【答案】CB【解析】32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)花瓶碎了后特魯?shù)险f的“Oh,sorry,I’msorry.I’mreallysorry.It’sbecauseI’mclumsy.That’swhyIdidn’twanttocomeintoyourhouse.Iknewsomethingwouldgetbroken.ItalwaysdoeswhenI’maround.”可推斷這時她很緊張，所以在不停地解釋。故選C。33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Theroomwastoofullofbeautifulthings,includingalargegreen-and-whitevase…”及“That’swhyIdidn’twanttocomeintoyourhouse.”可知，特魯?shù)喜恢繫rsWillow家有這么多漂亮東西，且害怕自己打碎東西也一直不愿來MrsWillow家。所以可推斷MrsWillow是第一次接見特魯?shù)?。故選B。【例3】Yeah,yeah,you’llgettoitsometime—it’sthelittleliewealltellourselvestogetoutofdoingthethingsonourto-dolistthatarehangingoverourheads.Buttodayisagreatdayjusttogetitdone!Sendthatemail,finishupthattaskathome,sendthatholidaythank-younoteyoustillhaven’tgottenaroundto.Whateveritis,justdoit.You’llfeelsomuchbetter,Ipromise.28.Whichwordisthemostsuitablefor_______.A.forgotten B.planned C.finished D.mentioned【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Buttodayisagreatdayjusttogetitdone!Sendthatemail,finishupthattaskathome,sendthatholidaythank-younoteyoustillhaven’tgottenaroundto.”可知本段講的是要去完成之前沒有做的事情。故選C。【例4】QuicklyscreenyourselfathomeforthepresenceoftheCOVID-19(SARSCoV-2)antigen.Testresultsinonly15minutes.Howtouse25.Thepicturesaboveare_______.A.anewsreport B.anotice C.aninstruction D.acomicstrip【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。本文主要講述了如何在家中快速篩查自己是否存在COVID-19（SARSCoV-2）抗原，故文章是一個指導(dǎo)書。故選C。【例5】“Noneofusknew.”Jacquessaidsoftly,“Onlyone…onlyoneknew—afriendofhis,namedJoseph…”29.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A.noonehadeverknownPierrewasblindB.JosephjustservedasPierre’sguideafterPierrewentblindC.blindnessdidn’tmakeanydifferencetoPierre’slifeatallD.thepresidentwasn’tquitesatisfiedwithPierre’swork【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)““Noneofusknew.”Jacquessaidsoftly,“Onlyone…onlyoneknew—afriendofhis,namedJoseph…””可知，周圍的人們根本不知道他失明了，故選A。三、事實細節(jié)題首先是直接理解性題目，這種題目比較簡單，只要通讀全文，了解文中所敘述的重要事實或細節(jié)，就可以解答出來，有的甚至可以從文章的原句中直接找到答案。另外還有一些題目要求對文中個別難詞、關(guān)鍵詞、詞組或句子作出解釋或需要對有關(guān)的上下文提供的語境和信息、甚至對整篇文章的內(nèi)容建立準確、立體的理解和判斷。典型例題【例1】ButPierresaid,“MylifewillbenothingifIcan’tdriveJosepheveryday.Wearetwooldmen!Letuswearouttogether.WhenJosephisreadytoleave,thenItoowilldoso.”27.Pierrerefusedtoleavehisjobbecause________.A.hethoughthewasnotoldenough B.Josephcouldn’tworkwithouthishelpC.hewasunwillingtobeseparatedfromJoseph D.peopleonthestreetcouldn’tlivewithouthim【答案】C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“ButPierresaid,“MylifewillbenothingifIcan’tdriveJosepheveryday.Wearetwooldmen!Letuswearouttogether”可知，Pierre拒絕離開工作是因為他要和他的馬在一起，他離不開馬，故選C?！纠?】Newresearchhasfoundthatlookingatcutepicturesofanimalscanalsohelpusconcentrate（專注）better.ThefindingcomesfromresearchersatHiroshimaUniversityinJapan.Theyinvited132universitystudentstotakepartinsomeexperiments.Inoneexperiment,studentswereaskedtofindagivennumberfromalistofnumberswithinatimelimit.Theyperformedthegiventaskstwice-beforeandafterlookingatsevenpicturesofeitherbabycatsandbabydogs,orcatsanddogs.Researchersweresurprisedtofindthatstudentswhowereshowncutebabyanimalpicturesmadefewermistakes.30.What’sthemainfindingofthestudyatHiroshimaUniversity?A.Seeingcuteanimalscouldcheerpeopleup.B.Seeingpleasantthingshelpspeopleperformbetter.C.Seeingpicturesofanimalshelpspeopleactcarefully.D.Seeingcutethingscouldhelppeopleconcentratebetter.【答案】D【30題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Newresearchhasfoundthatlookingatcutepicturesofanimalscanalsohelpusconcentrate（專注）better.”可知，看動物的可愛圖片可以幫助我們更好地集中注意力，故選D。【例3】Chinesebabiesoftenweartigerhatsandshoeswhicharemadeintheshapeofatiger’shead.Parentshopetheirkidswillgrowtobeasstrongaslittletigers.26.Whatwillpeopledotowishtheirchildrenstrong?A.Maketiger-shapedbunsforthem. B.Makeclothtigersduringfestivals.C.Dressthemwithtigerhatsandshoes. D.Givethematiger-shapedpiececalledhufu.【答案】C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Chinesebabiesoftenweartigerhatsandshoeswhicharemadeintheshapeofatiger’shead.Parentshopetheirkidswillgrowtobeasstrongaslittletigers”可知，人們給嬰兒戴虎頭帽和虎頭鞋，以此來希望他們像小老虎一樣強壯，故選C?！纠?】Pleasedosomethingaboutyourrecords.IdonotwanttoreceiveanotherbillforthefurniturewhichIreturned.24.WhydoyouthinkMr.Robbinswritethelettertothefurniturestore?A.Hehadpaidforthefurniturebutwasaskedtopayagain.B.Thefurnitureheboughtwasbadlymadeandhewantedtoreturnit.C.Hewantedthemanagertopunishthesalesmenforthebadfurniture.D.Hedidn’twanttoreceiveasecondbillforthefurniturehehadreturned.【答案】D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“IdonotwanttoreceiveanotherbillforthefurniturewhichIreturned.”可知，Mr.Robbins不想收到他歸還的家具的第二張賬單了。故選D。【例5】Rules:1.AgeGroup:Childrenbetweeneightandsixteen.2.Contactdetails（聯(lián)系詳情）（inEnglishonly）:Fullname,ageandfulladdressincludingphonenumberande-mailmustbeprovidedwhilesigningup.21.Therulesofthecompetitiondon’tinclude________accordingtothepassage.A.thenumberoftherounds B.thethemeoftrash-sortingC.theageofthechildren D.thenameandcontactdetails【答案】B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“AgeGroup”“Thecompetitionwillbeheldintworounds”“Fullname,ageandfulladdressincludingphonenumberande-mailmustbeprovidedwhilesigningup”可知，比賽規(guī)則沒有包括“垃圾分類主題”這一項，故選B?！纠?】IamwritingaboutyourJanuarybill,whichIamreturningwiththisletter.Iamnotgoingtopaythisbill.LastmonthIboughtatableandfourchairsfor$65.50.Pleasedosomethingaboutyourrecords.IdonotwanttoreceiveanotherbillforthefurniturewhichIreturned.23.FromtheletterwecanconcludethatMr.Robbinshadactuallypaid________forthefurniture.A.$65.50 B.$68.00 C.$2.50 D.nomoney【答案】D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“IamwritingaboutyourJanuarybill,whichIamreturningwiththisletter.Iamnotgoingtopaythisbill.”以及“IdonotwanttoreceiveanotherbillforthefurniturewhichIreturned.”可知，Mr.Robbins還沒有支付家具的錢。故選D?！纠?】RachelCarsonwasbornintheUSAonMay27,1907.Hermother,MariaCarson,hadbeenaschoolteacher.Shelovedbooks.Shealsolovednature.SheshowedRachelthebeautyofnature.ShealsotaughtRacheladeeploveforbooks.Asaquietchild,Rachellikedtoreadandwritestories.62.RachelCarsonhadadeeplovefornatureandbooksbecauseof____________.A.herfatherB.hermotherC.herschoolteacherD.herbrother【答案】B【解析】此題考查對事實細節(jié)的理解，試題要求確定“RachelCarson熱愛大自然和熱愛讀書的原因”。由第一段中Hermother,MariaCarson,hadbeenaschoolteacher.SheshowedRachelthebeautyofnature.ShealsotaughtRacheladeeploveforbooks.（她教給雷切爾自然之美。她也教雷切爾深愛圖書）可知，B項符合文意。四、猜測詞義題這類問題主要考察學(xué)生兩方面能力。根據(jù)上下文推測和判斷生詞、短語或句子在閱讀材料中的含義，即利用我們所熟悉的詞或短語和上下文中的已知部分進行邏輯上的推理，有時還需依靠常識和經(jīng)驗。解這類題時應(yīng)注意以下特點：①注意一些過渡詞語，如thatis,thisis,inotherwords等，它們直接引出了同義解釋，或標點符號（破折號、冒號、括號）等來表示。例如：Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時期，即drought，由此可見drought意思為"久旱"，"旱災(zāi)"。而adryperiod和drought是同義語。②注意連接詞及被猜測的詞前后的因果，讓步，遞進，轉(zhuǎn)折，列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。③注意同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、同位語、定語從句，相似或相反的結(jié)構(gòu)等。④對于句中首字母或全部是大寫的單詞,應(yīng)該猜出可能是專有名詞(人名、地名、組織等)，因此拼讀有時是最合適的方法。典型例題【例1】However,babyanimalslookboth“cuter”andmore“pleasant”thanadultanimals.Whatwouldhappenifthetestdifferencecamefromtheirbeing“pleasant”?Tofindtheanswer,theresearcherschosesomefoodpictureswhichlookedpleasantbutnotcute,andgavethemtoanothergroupofstudents.Butseeingthefoodsdidnotmakethestudentsperformanybetterinthenumbertest.Thisfindingsuggeststhatseeingcutepicturesmakesstudentsbehavemoredeliberately,thatistosay,theyperformtaskswithgreatertimeandcare.31.Theunderlinedword“deliberately”hastheclosestmeaningto“________”.A.happily B.carefully C.actively D.correctly【答案】B【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Thisfindingsuggeststhatseeingcutepicturesmakesstudentsbehavemoredeliberately,thatistosay,theyperformtaskswithgreatertimeandcare.”可知，他們會花更多的時間和精力來完成任務(wù)，可推知上一句含義是“看到可愛的圖片會讓學(xué)生表現(xiàn)得更小心翼翼”，因此“deliberately”意為“carefully”，故選B?！纠?】Pierretookonestepforward,thenturned.“No…no…You…youdon’tunderstand,Jacques.”Now,JacqueslookedintoPierre’seyes.Hesawadead,lifelesslookinthem.Sohesaid,“Takethedayoff,Pierre!”Pierresteppedintothestreet.Thentherecameawarningshoutandascreech(尖銳的剎車聲)…28.Theunderlinedsentencestellusthat________.A.JacqueswassurprisedtofindthatPierrecouldn’tseeanythingB.PierrewastooscaredtotakealastglanceathisfriendC.PierrewassosadbecauseitwastimeforhimtoleavehisjobthenD.thedeathofJosephdrovePierretoloseconfidenceforlife【答案】D【解析】句意猜測題。根據(jù)前一句“Pierretookonestepforward,thenturned.“No…no…You…youdon’tunderstand,Jacques.””可知，Pierre因為馬的離去而感到絕望，故選D。【例3】Theshyfarmer’scomicbooksbecamefamousonlyafterhedied.Hepassedoninafirethreeyearsago，whenhewasonly35.2.Theunderlinedpart“passedon”isclosestinmeaningto“______”.A.satB.roseC.diedD.stood【答案】C

【解析】此題考查詞義猜測。由原文中畫線詞前的一句“Theshyfarmer’scomicbooksbecamefamousonlyafterhedied.”以及后一句句意可以看出答案選C。【例4】MostcitiesandtownsinChinahavenightmarkets.Duringtheday，thesestreetsarequiet.Atnight，theybecomecrowded(擁擠的)andlively.Usually，peoplegetthereatthreeorfourintheafternoon．By6：00，thestreetsarelikeriversofpeople.Nightmarketsarefunplacestoshop.Youcanbuyclothes，shoes,andmanyotherthings.Ifyouthinkthepriceistoohigh，youcanbargainwiththeseller.Youcanalsobuynicefood．Whenyouarehungry，youcansitdownforameal.Smellytofuispopular，butitreallysmellsbad!Thebestthingisthateverythinginnightmarketsischeap!What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“bargain"inthepassage?A．付款B．討價還價C．爭吵D．打架【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)上文“Ifyouthinkthepriceistoohigh，”推斷出你可以和賣家還價。注意正確項和干擾項的特征，回到文中確定答案正確選項的特點有：①正話反說；②同義詞替換；③敘述角度轉(zhuǎn)換意思不變。干擾項的特點是：①絕對化：選項中出現(xiàn)絕對化的詞匯，如only，all，any，every，always，never等，此時應(yīng)格外小心；②偷換概念：如擴大或縮小范圍，要特別關(guān)注名詞前有無修飾；③片面化：以偏概全，以細節(jié)代主題等；④串段現(xiàn)象：如某題考第二段內(nèi)容，但把別的段落的信息放在選項中；⑤無中生有：如加上最高級或唯一性、虛假比較、無關(guān)話題等?！纠}】Inherletter,Susansaysshegoestoschoolfivedaysaweek.Shegetstoschoolat8:30inthemorning.Shedoesn’tgohomeforlunch,buthasitatschool.5.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTRUE?A.HanXueisamiddleschoolstudentinAmerica.B.Susanhasnohomeworkduringweekdays.C.Susanhaslunchatschool.D.Susanplaysgameswithhermotherafterschool.【答案】C【解析】此題正確答案是C，C項信息與文中“Shedoesn’tgohomeforlunchbuthasitatschool.”這一句一致，因而是正確答案。

【精選練習(xí)】UniversityofOxfordistheoldestuniversityintheEnglish-speakingworldandit’soneofthetopuniversityintheworld.Thereisnocleardatewhentheuniversitystarted,butteachingbeganatOxfordinsomeformsin1096anddevelopedquicklyfrom1167.Thereare39independent(獨立的)collegesatOxford,attractingstudentsandlearnedmenfromacrosstheworld.Thereareover100librariesforthestudentsandlearnedmentouse.AtUniversityofOxford,theyalsoprovideanumberofmoneyforthebeststudents.Ofcourse,ifyouwanttostudyhere,firstyouhavetoreachacertainlevelofEnglishlanguage.CollegelifeatOxfordisveryexcitingbutbusy.Thegroupsofcollegeprovideafriendlyandwelcominghomeforstudentswhilethecollegearestrictwithstudentsabouttheirstudies.ManyChinesestudentsarestudyinghere.ThenumberofChinesestudentsattheuniversityhasgrownquicklyoverthepast10years.1.HowmanylibrariesarethereatOxford?A.Only100B.Just100C.Morethan100D.lessthan1002.WhatdoyouhavetodofirstifyouwanttoaskforstudyingatOxford?Youhaveto__________.A.beindependentB.passacertainleveltestofEnglishlanguageC.studyEnglishhardD.bethebeststudents【答案】CB【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。從Thereareover100librariesforthestudentsandlearnedmentouse.這一句可以仔細和選項對比一下，很快會發(fā)現(xiàn)文章中over100和C選項中Morethan100的細微區(qū)別。其實兩者意思完全等同，所以毫無疑問選擇C。2.細節(jié)理解題。從ifyouwanttostudyhere,firstyouhavetoreachacertainlevelofEnglishlanguage這一句中很快就能發(fā)現(xiàn)和B選項中的細節(jié)相關(guān)，仔細對比一下也就一詞之差。所以能很快根據(jù)這一點選出答案。Wildbeavers(河貍)areback!Expertssaythatthewildbeaverfamiliesaredoingwell.Thebeaversareevenboostingwildlifeandtheenvironment!Overtenyearsago,afamilyofbeaversturnedupinapartoftheriverOtter,inDevon.Nooneknewexactlywheretheycamefrom.Itwasabigsurprise—wildbeavershadn’tlivedinEnglandforaround400years!In2015,thegovernmentallowedthebeaverstostaythereaspartofatrial(試驗).Theywantedtoseeiftheseanimalscouldbereintroducedtothewild.ThetrialendsinFebruary.SomescientistsfromtheUniversityofExeteralreadysaythebeavershelpthewildlifeinthearea.Onescientistcalledit“anamazingstory”.Alotofthisisbecauseofdams.Beaversbuilddamsalongtheriver.Thiscreatesdeeppoolsintheriverbedandslowsthewaterdown.Scientistssaythisisperfectformanydifferenttypesofplantsandanimals!Manyplantsaregrowingnearthebeavers.Differenttypesofanimalsarealsobecomingmoreandmoreintheriver.Beaversalsohelpmakefloodingless,scientistssay.Thebeavers’damsslowdownthespeedoftheriver,especiallyafterheavyrain.Thereare,however,someproblems.Beaversgnaw(咬，啃)ontreesandthiscanharmthem.Theirdamscanalsosometimescreatefloodsonpeople’sland.Beaversaren’ttheonlyanimalsthatarebeingreintroducedtothewild!In2019,redsquirrelswerebroughtbacktoanareaoftheScottishHighlands.Furtheraway,theworld’srarestduck,theMadagascarpochard,ismakingacomeback.ItwassetfreeintothewildontheAfricanislandin2019andisdoingwell.Whoknowswhatotheranimalsmightbemakingacomeback?48.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“boosting”inparagraph1?A.building B.spreading C.helping D.creating49.Whydidthegovernmentwantatrialfirst?Becausetheywantedto________.A.growmoreplantsalongtheriver B.builddamsforthebeaversinthewildC.seeifthebeaverscouldbereintroducedtothewild D.introducethebeaverstothewild50.Howdoyouthinkanimalloversfeelaboutthenews?A.Surprised. B.Pleased. C.Worried. D.Disappointed.【答案】48.C49.C50.B【解析】本文主要介紹了河貍的回歸有助于生態(tài)環(huán)境以及很多其他動物也被重新引入野外。【48題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Expertssaythatthewildbeaverfamiliesaredoingwell.Thebeaversareevenboostingwildlifeandtheenvironment!”可知，河貍有助于野生動物和環(huán)境，因此“boosting”意為“helping”。故選C。【49題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“In2015,thegovernmentallowedthebeaverstostaythereaspartofatrial(試驗).Theywantedtoseeiftheseanimalscouldbereintroducedtothewild.”可知，政府想看看這些動物是否可以被重新引入野外。故選C。【50題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，河貍和其他動物的回歸，會有助于生態(tài)環(huán)境，因此動物愛好者看到的話會很開心。故選B。OnMay22,2021,peopleinChinaandaroundtheworldfeltsad.China’s“FatherofHybridRice”—YuanLongpingpassedawayat91onthisday.Yuanspenthisliferesearchinghybridrice,whichendedhungerformillionsofpeoplenotonlyinChina,butaroundtheworld.Hybridriceisgrowninabout57percentofChina’sricefields.Itfeedsmorethan80millionpeopleayear.Itisalsogrowninover40countries,includingIndia,theUSA,Brazil,ete.Yuangrewupinatimeofwarandfamine(饑荒).GettingenoughtoeatwasaseriousprobleminChinaatthattime.Afterhefinishedhighschool,hedecidedtostudyagriculture.Afterseeingmanypeopledieofhungerduringaseriousfamine,hedecidedtostudyhybridrice.In1973,hesucceededingrowingtheworld’sfirsthigh-yield(高產(chǎn)的)hybridrice.Itcouldreachayieldofover500kgpermu(畝).In2019，hewasawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic,China’shigheststatehonour.In2020,hybridriceachieved1500kilogramspermuintwogrowingseasons,settinganewworldrecord.Yuanoncesaidhehadtwodreams.Onewastoenjoytheshadeunderricecropsthatweretallerthanmen.Theotherwasthathybridricewouldbegrownallovertheworld.Ithinkhisdreamsmightcometrueoneday.31.WhenwasYuanLongpingborn?A.In1922. B.In1930. C.In1940. D.In1957.32.HowdidYuanLongpinghelppeoplesolvethefoodproblem?A.Hedevelopedthehybridricewithhisteam.B.Heborrowedenoughfoodfromothercountries.C.Hediscoveredanotherkindoffoodtoeat.D.Heaskedpeopletoplantmorericeintheirfields.33.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus?A.Thenewkindofhybridriceisworthstudyingforever.B.HowtoplantthenewkindofhybridriceinChina.C.Theyieldofnewhybridriceisimprovingquickly.D.We’llrememberChina’s“FatherofHybridRice”forever.【答案】31.B32.A33.D【解析】本文主要介紹了雜交水稻之父——袁隆平，主要介紹了他的生平事跡以及貢獻。【31題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“OnMay22,2021,peopleinChinaandaroundtheworldfeltsad.China’s“FatherofHybridRice”—YuanLongpingpassedawayat91onthisday”可知2021年91歲的袁隆平去世，可推出他是1930年出生。故選B?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Yuanspenthisliferesearchinghybridrice,whichendedhungerformillionsofpeoplenotonlyinChina,butaroundtheworld”可知袁先生畢生研究雜交水稻，不僅在中國，而且在全世界結(jié)束了數(shù)百萬人的饑餓。故選A?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了雜交水稻之父——袁隆平，主要介紹了他的生平事跡以及貢獻，我們會永遠記住他的。故選D。Whatmakessmartphonesfunanduseful?Theapps,ofcourse.BesidespopularoneslikeWeChat,QQandTikTok,whatotherappsdoyouknow?Infact,therearemanyappsthatyoucanhavefunwith.Checkoutsomeofthemhere.Vocabularycom——iOSWhetheryouarealinguist(語言學(xué)家)orabeginnerlookingtoimproveyourEnglishlanguageskills,Vocabulary.comhassomethingtooffer.WhatmakesVocabulary.comspecialisthatitismuchmorethanjustadictionary.Ithasthebasicfeaturesofadictionaryapp—explanations,pronunciationsandgrammartips—butitalsohasawordlearningsystem.Thismeansthatyougettopractisethewordsyoulearnthroughafunpoint—basedgame.Thegamewillhelpyourememberwordsmorequickly.Theappknowsthatevenifyoulookupaword,youmightstillforgetitsoon.Soithelpsyourememberwordsbyrepeatingtheminthegame.It’slikecarryingyourEnglishteacherinyourpocket!Prisma—Android/iOSAreyouafanofart?Here’sanappcreatedjustforyou.Prismaisaphoto—editing(圖片編輯)appunlikeanyother.Thephotofilters(濾鏡)ontheappcanmakeyourpictureslooklikeworksofart.What’smore,thefiltersonPrismanevergetold.Prismaoffersanewphotofiltereveryday.However,italsogivesyouthefreedomtochangethefilterswithitsimage—enhancing(圖像增強)tools.Letyourimaginationgowild!Youcanhaveaportrait(肖像)paintedbyPicasso,too!37.Comparedwithotherdictionaries,what’sthemaindifferenceofVocabulary.com?A.IthelpsyouimproveEnglish.B.Itcanexplainthewordsbetter.C.Thetipsinitaremoreaccurate.D.YoucanlearnEnglishbyplayinggames.38.AmobilephoneuserwholovesartcandownloadPrismato_________.A.takephotos B.editpictures C.recordvideos D.drawpaintings39.WhydothefiltersonPrismanevergetold?A.Prismaupdates(更新)theirfiltersdaily.B.Theimagine-enhancingtoolsareoutofdate.C.ThefiltersinPrismaneverchange.D.Youcannothaveaportraitofyourself.40.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Prismafailstoimproveyourimagination.B.Allofuscanrememberwordsinashorttime.C.Smartphonesareusefulwithallkindsofinterestingapps.D.AndroiduserscandownloadVocabulary.com.【答案】37.D38.B39.A40.C【解析】本文介紹了兩款智能手機上的應(yīng)用程序：Vocabulary.com和Prisma?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Ithasthebasicfeaturesofadictionaryapp—explanations,pronunciationsandgrammartips—butitalsohasawordlearningsystem.Thismeansthatyougettopractisethewordsyoulearnthroughafunpoint—basedgame.”可知，與其他詞典相比，Vocabulary.com的主要區(qū)別是通過玩游戲來學(xué)習(xí)英語。故選D。【38題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Prismaisaphoto—editing(圖片編輯)appunlikeanyother.”可知，熱愛藝術(shù)的手機用戶可以下載Prisma來編輯圖片。故選B。【39題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“What’smore,thefiltersonPrismanevergetold.Prismaoffersanewphotofiltereveryday.”可知，Prisma的濾鏡永遠不會變老，因為Prisma每天更新濾鏡。故選A。【40題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Whatmakessmartphonesfunanduseful?Theapps,ofcourse.BesidespopularoneslikeWeChat,QQandTikTok,whatotherappsdoyouknow?Infact,therearemanyappsthatyoucanhavefunwith.”可知，智能手機有各種有趣的應(yīng)用程序，從而很有用。故選C。NataliePortman,anAmericanactress,wonanOscar.ShegraduatedfromHarvard.Shehaseventriedoutmoviedirecting.Andshebroughtherfirstmovietothe6thBeijingFilmInternationalFilmFestivallastmonth.However,fewpeoplerealizethatPortmanusedtohavesomeverydifferentmoments,andithappenedduringhertimeatHarvardUniversity.PortmanwenttoHarvardattheageof18.Atthetime,shehadbeenactingforsevenyearsandwasalreadyfamous.Butonthatfamouscampus,shenearlylostherconfidence.Shethoughtshecouldneverread1,000pageseveryweekorwritea50paper.Shewasshockedbyherclassmates—theythoughtthattheworkload(工作量)waseasytofinish,comparedwithhighschool.ShestartedtothinkthatshecouldonlygotoHarvardbecauseshewasfamous.“IfeltlikeeverytimeIopenmymouth,IwouldhavetoshowthatIwasn’tjustafoolishactress.”Thatfeelingwentonfortwoyears.Luckily,thingsgotbetter.In2003,Portmangraduatedwithabachelor’sdegreeinpsychology.Portmansaidthattheexperiencetaughtherthatoneshouldbealwaysconfident.Thatway,shesaid,youcan“trythingsthatyouneverwouldhavetried”.Shetriedalotofnewthingswithherfirstmovie“ATaleofLoveandDarkness”.Shedirectedit.Shewrotepartofthescript.ShealsomadethefilminHebrew(希伯來語),thelanguageofIsrael,herbirthplace.“AllofthesethingswerechallengesIshouldhavebeenafraidof,asIwascompletelyunprepared,”saidPortman.“Butoncethere,Ihadtofigureitallout,andmybeliefthatIcouldcontrolthesething