自然拼讀（課件）牛津譯林版英語八年級上冊

自然拼讀

Phonics分享內容什么是自然拼讀？你適合學習自然拼讀嗎？為什么學習自然拼讀？自然拼讀分幾個類別？易錯易混淆讀音自然拼讀怎么教？自然拼讀如何到拼寫？什么是自然拼讀？自然拼讀法又稱"Phonics“它不僅是以英語為母語國家的孩子學習英語讀音與拼字，增進閱讀能力與理解力的教學法，更是以英語為第二語言的英語初學者學習發(fā)音規(guī)則與拼讀技巧的教學方法。你適合學習自然拼讀嗎？學習自然拼讀有前提：有一定的聽力詞匯建議有3000聽力詞匯舉例：當一個母語小孩看到desk這四個字母之后，用自然拼讀的規(guī)則去發(fā)音d-e-s-k,哦，desk呀！一聽到音，他就懂了這個詞的意思為什么學習自然拼讀？自然拼讀是英語母語國家的兒童從學英語伊始便普遍使用的一種方法它通過讓孩子辨識字母及字母組合的發(fā)音規(guī)律，在字母與發(fā)音之間建立直接聯(lián)系，做到"見詞能讀、聽音能寫“為什么學習自然拼讀？英文中，87%的單詞符合拼讀規(guī)則94%的單音節(jié)單詞符合規(guī)則提高認讀單詞的能力，記憶單詞的速度和準確度，提升閱讀潛能為什么學習自然拼讀？Goal:reading“Sound-out”/Decodingapproach“Phonicsisthetool;readingisthegoal.”Importanceofreading:Withoutbeingabletoread,onecannotlearnindependently自然拼讀的分類Scientificstudyofhumanlanguage3categories:LanguagestructureLanguagemeaningLanguageincontextFirst10SightWordsTheOfAndAToInIsYouThatIt易錯易混淆讀音混淆音Badvs.BedWillvs.WearAimvs.ArmPetvs.PetePleasevs.PoliceVeryvs.WellMostvs.MorstDollvs.DoorDuckvs.Dark易錯易混淆讀音輕濁混淆VerywellweryvellThankyoufankyouorsankyouThatdatGradegladeTreechee易錯易混淆讀音吞食尾音LikelieMikemyMakemayFastfassActiveactiMadmaPointpoin易錯易混淆讀音多加尾音MadmadeLikelikeEateateSongsongt多在閱讀過程中不自覺發(fā)出,教師切勿利用中文幫助孩子發(fā)音。自然拼讀教學6stepstoreading:Recognizeshortvowel&theirsounds（短元音）Recognizeconsonants&theirsounds（輔音）Blendconsonants&vowelstogether（元輔結合）Soundoutone-vowelwords（拼讀單元音單詞）Soundoutlong-vowelwords（拼讀長元音單詞）Applyspecialsounds（運用特殊音節(jié)）Makesurestudentshaveampleopportunitytoapplyeachstepindividually.Vowels“backboneofwords”–everywordmusthaveatleastonevowelsoundEachvowellettercanmake2differentsounds:Short-vowelsoundsLong-vowelsoundsVowelStep1a:applee:elephanti:Indiano:ostrichu:umbrellaWhyteachthesefirst?62%ofallEnglishsyllablescontaintheshortsoundsofthevowelsStep2:ConsonantsConsonant:anyletterthatisnotavowelBecarefulnottoaddashortusoundtotheendofconsonantsounds(Iandtnotluhandtuh)BadExamples:Hat,bad,leg,life,etc.CAndKRule:Kgoeswithiande,Cbeforetheother3(a,o,u)iftheyaremakingthe/k/sound.ExamplesKit,kim,kinfolkKeep,Kevin,kettlecar,cat,cap,cattle,cape,call有時在e或i前面，c會發(fā)/sh/音

ocean,racial,social

Gg字母g后面接a，o，u的時候，所發(fā)的音叫做“hardgsound”girl,gas,get,give,go當字母g后面接e，i，或y的時候，有時g的發(fā)音與字母j的發(fā)音相同，叫做“軟g音”age,change,ginger,Egypt,gentle,giraffe,badge特例：forget,give,girl中的g發(fā)hardsoundStep4:one-vowelWordsOne-vowelrule:whenthereisonevowelinaword,itusuallymakesitsshortsound.Examples:Tap,satRed,pegRod,podSit,pickFun,plumPurpose:ToshowustheshortvowelL,F,SIffollowingashortvowel,usuallydoubledExamples:Tell,well,bell,bill,hill,mill,kill,cullOff,bluff,fluff,cuff,muffler,puffBass,mass,mess,miss,kiss,bliss,cross,ross,possible,fussStep5:LongVowelsa:acorne:eaglei:icecreamo:openu:uniformSameasthenamesofthelettersThey“saytheirnames”Longvowelsintwo-vowelwords**Two-vowelrule:whentherearetwovowelsinaword,thefirstvowelusuallysaysitslongsoundandthesecondvowelissilent“Whentwovowelsgowalking,thefirstonedoesthetalking.”2vowels:Firstvowel=long;Secondvowel=silentForexample…tapvs.tapebetvs.beatfinvs.finecotvs.coatfunvs.fruit字母組合帶有l(wèi)的字母組合

bl

black,blame,bless,blue,blast

cl

--clock,class,clap,clue,close

fl

--flag,fly,flat,flash,flower

gl

--glass,glad,glide,glue,globe

pl

--plate,plane,place,plus,plan

sl

--sled,sleep,slow,slide,slim

字母組合帶有r的字母組合

br

--bridge,break,brave,brown,bread

cr

--crab,crack,crop,crown,creek

dr

--dress,drag,drink,drive,drop

fr

--frog,fresh,free,from,front

gr

--grape,grade,grass,grin,grunt

pr

--press,pride,price,print,proof

tr

--truck,track,true,train,tree字母組合帶有s的字母組合

sc

--scale,scar,score,scare,scuff

sk

--skate,skip,skill,skull,skin

sm

--smoke,smile,smog,smell,smear

sn

--snake,snap,snore,snow,snug

sp

--spoon,spin,spot,spell,sport

st

--stop,stack,stay,step,still

sw

--swim,swell,swing,sweet,swift

tw

--twig,tweet,twist,twin,twine

字母組合三字母組合

shr

--shrink,shred,shrill,shrimp,shrub

spl

--splash,split,splice,splint,splurge

spr

--spread,spring,spree,sprain,spray

squ

--square,squad,squirrel,squat,squeak

str

--string,strip,straw,stream,street

thr

--throw,three,throne,thrift,thrill字母組合在結尾的字母組合

ck（只發(fā)一個/k/音）--duck,pack,quick,luck,rock

ld

--cold,gold,held,mild,bald

lk

--milk,silk,elk,sulk,skulk

mp

--lamp,damp,champ,hump,dump

nch

--inch,ranch,lunch,bench,crunch

nd

--hand,kind,bend,stand,mind

ng（這個音比較特別，是舌頭抵住上顎后方所發(fā)出的鼻音）--ring,long,sing,wing,lung

nk

--sink,bank,trunk,pink,ink

nt

--tent,ant,hunt,sent,mint

sh

--fish,rash,brush,wish,trash

st

--vest,last,test,list,lostVowelDigraphs單元音2lettersusedtorepresentONEvowelsoundAdigraph兩字母發(fā)一音doesnotcorrespondtothenormalsoundsofthe2lettersExamples:Eastern–thedigraphis“ea”(longe)People–thedigraphis“eo”(longe)Health–thedigraphis“ea”(shorte)Glue–thedigraphis“ue”(longu)Lawn–thedigraphis“aw”(shorto)Diphthongs雙元音2adjacentvowelsoundsCometogethersofastthattheyareconsideredonesyllableCometogethertocreateasinglenewsoundExamples:Boy–thediphthongis“oy”Cow–thediphthongis“ow”Vowel-consonant–EIfthelastletterofawordiseandtheehasavowelandaconsonantbeforeit…ThefinaleissilentThevowelbeforetheconsonantislongExamples:Made,fake,like,mote,LukeConsonantdigraphs2lettersusedtorepresentONEconsonantsoundAdigraphdoesnotcorrespondtothenormalsoundsofthe2lettersExamples:ch:chinph:phoneth:thingth:theSpellingTheEnglishalphabetispureinsanity…itcanhardlyspellanywordinthelanguagewithanydegreeofcertainty”--MarkTwain5RulesWordsendinginafinalsilent–edropthe–ebeforesuffixesbeginninginavowelandretainitbeforesuffixesbeginningwithaconsonantEx:excite

excitableExcite

excitementWaste

wastingWaste

wastedException:truly,argument,judgmentSingle-syllablewordsorwordsstressedonthelastsyllable,thatendwithaconsonantprecededbyasinglevowel…DoubletheconsonantbeforesuffixesbeginningwithavowelEx:NapnappedOccuroccurringReferreferralRunrunnerCommitcommitment(exception)Wordsendingin–yprecededbyaconsonant…changethe–yto–ibeforeallsuffixesexceptthosebeginningwith–i.Example:GodlygodlinessHappyhappierFriendlyfriendliestCarrycarryingInsyllablespronouncedwithanee…-I-goesbefore–eexceptafterc;afterc-,-e-goesbefore–I-.whenthesoundisotherthanee.Thevowelorderis–ei

Example:ChiefcellingeightBeliefdeceiveweighAchievereceiptsleighRelieveconceitsleightExceptiontorule4:EitherseizeweirdcaffeineNeitherleisureproteincodeine“ibeforeeexceptaftercorwhensoundinglikelongaasinneighborandweigh.”(teachingrule4)Joiningwordsorwordpartwiththesamelettersatthejoiningpoints…keepbothconsonants.Example:grand+daughter=granddaughtermis+spelling=misspellingProblemSpellingsprinciple#1Learningthecorrectandcompletepronunciationofwordscanimprovespelling.(learnhowtopronunciationcorrectly)

EnvironmentmathematicslengthGovernmentathleticsquantityPrinciple#2Makingaccuratedistinctionsbetweensimilar-soundingwordscaneliminatesomecommonmisspellings.Principleaffectacceptmoral(spirit)PrincipaleffectexceptmoralePrinciple#3Thespellingsofcertainsuffixpairs(-ence,-ance;-ent,ant;-ible,-able;-er,-or)follownopatternandmustbememorized.Resistanceindependentconvertible

Existencedefendantcomfortable

Principle#4Whenformingadverbsfromnouns,beginwiththeadjectivesuffix–al

andfollowitwiththeadverbsuffix–lytoformthesuffix–ally.IncidentallyaccidentallyformallyException:publicly.Principle#5Only3wordsendin–ceed:exceed,proceed,andsucceed.Only1wordendin–sede:supersede.Therestendin–cede:precede,recede,concede,intercede,accede,etc.TheSound/J/Canbespelledin3differentways:j,g,ordgeUsuallyusej

before

a,o,orujam,jar,