英語音標教案-四

國際音標教案授課人：Lesson1音素、音標及分類音素是最小的語音單位。英語共有48個音素，其中20個為元音音素，24個為輔音音素。元音可分為單元音和雙元音。單元音又有長元音和短元音之分。長元音用/：/符號表示。輔音有清輔音和濁輔音之分。元音的發(fā)音特點是氣流通過口腔時，不受任何阻礙，聲帶振動。學習元音時，最主要的是掌握舌、唇、牙床三者的位置。輔音的發(fā)音特點是氣流通過口腔或鼻腔時，受到舌、唇、齒等發(fā)音器官的阻礙。發(fā)音時聲帶不振動的是清輔音；聲帶振動的是濁輔音。發(fā)輔音時，要注意不可加入元音成分。音標是音素的書面符號，用來注明字母和單詞的讀音。每一個音標代表一個音素，寫在方括號[]或雙斜線//內(nèi)。元音輔音[i：]發(fā)音要領：口微張，舌尖抵下齒，舌前部盡量抬起，但不能觸到上顎，雙唇向兩旁伸開，呈扁平型，似微笑狀。ebemehesheweeeseemeetweektreesleepfreethreegreeneameatseateachercleanreadbeachbeaneatjeansleafeeChinesetheseevening[?]發(fā)音要領：舌尖抵下齒，雙唇自然張開，齒間可容下一小手指。雙唇自然張開，兩頰放松，口腔肌肉放松。iitinisfilmsixshipsitfishydirtyveryluckycitymanybusyeasyhappy{詞尾的y}eymonkeymoneydonkey例：heshewemefeetbeemeetbeeffeedheelmeatpeapeachreadteapigkickshipdishbigcitybusyhappyeasymoneymonkeydonkey爆破音[p][b][p]發(fā)音要領：雙唇緊閉，形成完全阻塞，氣流經(jīng)雙唇突然沖出，爆破成音。它是清輔音，聲帶不振動。ppenparkpickpigpandapianoparrotapplepuppetmopstoplampsleepsheepship[b]發(fā)音要領：發(fā)音位置與口型與[p]相同。不同的是[b]是濁輔音，發(fā)音時聲帶振動bbigbatbutterbatbigbutbikerubbernumbertablememberrubbishReviewandTest一、將你聽到的音正確排序。

/bi:p//p//b?p//b//pi:b//p?b/二、聽單詞，寫出你所學過的音標。

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請標出劃線字母的音標Lesson2前元音[e][?][e]發(fā)音要領：舌尖抵住下齒，舌前部抬至硬腭，口腔為半張半閉。牙床半開，齒間可容下一個食指。雙唇松弛地展向兩側(cè)ebedredpetdeskegghentenlegeaweatherheadbreadhealthquestionamanyanyat[?]發(fā)音要領：舌尖抵住下齒，牙床開得較大，齒間可容下兩個食指。唇形稍扁，向兩邊平伸aapplebadcatfatblackflaghandrabbitantbatfamilyhappycapmapfatbadbankcatchmatchmanlampfanmatbaghat短語練習：Afactisafact.That’sthat.Ablackcatiscatchingafatrat.Don’tletthecatoutofthebag.對比練習：pen-panguess-gasbeg-bagset-sadhead-hadlend-landIhaveapenandabag.Applesareredandyellow.爆破音[t][d][t]發(fā)音要領：舌尖緊貼上齒齦，形成完全阻塞。氣流從舌尖和上齒齦間沖出，舌尖彈開，爆破成音。它是清輔音，聲帶不振動。[d]發(fā)音要領：發(fā)音位置和口形與[t]相同，不同的是[d]是濁輔音，發(fā)音時聲帶振動。短語練習：hotteatakeataxitellthetimeagoodfriendhandinhandReviewandTest一、將你聽到的音正確排序。/t?p//b//dept//i:p?d//t?b?p//p?d?d//di:d//fi:t//h?t//hi://red//bred/二、聽單詞，寫出你所學過的音標。

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三、請標出劃線字母的音標。Lesson3中元音[?：][?][?：]發(fā)音要領：舌中部升至口腔中部，使口部半張半合，舌身放平．雙唇像發(fā)[i：]那樣向兩側(cè)展開。[?]發(fā)音要領：是[?：]的短音，唇既扁也不圓，口腔肌肉松弛。舌尖抵下齒，舌中部稍稍抬起。短語練習：Givemesomebutterandsugar.Myyoungerbrotherisadoctor.[?]發(fā)音要領：舌后部抬至軟腭，舌中部抬至稍高于嘴巴自然張開時的舌位。舌尖稍稍離開下齒。唇形稍扁，向兩側(cè)咧開。爆破音[k][g][k]發(fā)音要領：舌后部抬起，頂住軟腭，形成完全阻塞。氣流從舌后部與軟腭間沖出，爆破成音。它是清輔音，聲帶不振動。[g]發(fā)音要領：發(fā)音位置和口形與[k]相同，不同的是它是濁輔音，發(fā)音時聲帶振動ReviewandTest一、寫出你所聽到的音標。[?：][?][k][g][t][d][p][b][i：][?][e][?]

二、聽單詞，寫出你所學過的音標。picklackpigcomebirdcutbananacoolmilkearlykeygatedoorLesson4[ɑ：]發(fā)音要領：舌位很低，舌尖離開下齒，舌向后縮，舌身低平。牙床全開，口要張大。雙唇自然張開。短語練習：Helaughslongestwholaughslast.Acarispassingbythepark.唇齒摩擦音[f][v][f]發(fā)音要領：下唇稍向內(nèi)收，輕觸上齒下沿，形成部分阻塞。氣流從上下唇間泄出摩擦成音。它是輕輔音，聲帶不振動。短語練習：Ileftmyfoodinmyoffice.Frankhasasetofbeautifulflat.[v]發(fā)音要領：發(fā)音位置和口形與[f]相同，不同的是[v]是濁輔音，發(fā)音時聲帶振動。短語練習：Ilovemyvaseverymuch.Vivianplaystheviolinverywell.ReviewandTest一、寫出你所聽到的音標。[?：][?][?][f][v][ɑ：]二、聽單詞，寫出劃線字母的音標Lesson5后元音[?][?：][?]發(fā)音要領：舌身后縮，將舌后部升至最高，舌尖離開下齒，牙床幾乎全開。張開雙唇，略成圓形，但不向前突出。otopmopboxsoftstopshopfoxcoffeeclockdoctorbodyorangeawashwatchwantwhat短語練習：Theclockhasstopped.Alittlepotissoonhot.[?：]發(fā)音要領：將舌后部抬至中位，舌身后縮舌尖稍稍離開下齒。床開的較寬但比[?]稍小。雙唇更圓，口腔肌肉緊張。orhorseshortdoorfloorborncornforkmorningshorttorchstoryarwarmwarawlawdrawsawallallballtallwallhallfallcallmallalktalkwalkchalkaughnaughtcaughtdaughteroughoughtthoughtbought短語練習：Georgesawasawonthewall.ThetallhorsesawtheshorthorseI舌尖摩擦音[θ][e][θ]發(fā)音要領：舌尖接近上齒，形成部分阻塞，氣流通過這個縫隙而摩擦成音.它是輕輔音，聲帶不振動ththinthickthreethrowthinkthankbirthdaysomethingbathroommouthmathteethmonthbathtooth短語練習：Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy[e]發(fā)音要領：舌尖稍向前伸，輕觸上齒下緣，形成部分阻塞。氣流從齒縫中泄出，摩擦成音。它是濁輔音，聲帶振動。ththisthatthesethosetherethethanthentheytheirfathermotherbrotherfeatherleathersmoothwithclothe短語練習：Igotoparkwithmyfather,motherandbrother.ReviewandTest一、寫出你所聽到的音標。[?][?：][?][θ][e][?][ɑ：][f][v][?][?][b][?：][e]二、聽單詞，寫出你所學過的音標。orangeautumnhotallthankscarbusbirthdayfourthirstydogsorryteethdoctorboxcoffeethreethosethatmouthLesson6后元音[u：][?][u：]發(fā)音要領：舌身后縮，舌后部向軟腭抬起。牙床近乎全合，口腔肌肉緊張。雙唇收圓，并向前突出，雙唇肌肉較緊。odotowhowhosetwoshoeoomoontoothfoodschoolcoolchoosenoonsooncoolzooousoupgroupyouuijuicefruiturulerbuletrue短語練習：bluemoonapairofshoesaglassofjuiceIt’scoolinautumn.[?]發(fā)音要領：舌后部抬得比[u：]低一些。舌身的肌肉緊度略小于[u：]。雙唇不向前突出，肌肉也不像發(fā)[u：]那么緊owolfwomanuputpushsugarfullpullbulletbushoobookcookgoodfootlookoucouldwouldshould短語練習：agoodbookagoodcooksomegoodsugarLookbeforeyouleap.agood-lookingwomanLesson7合口雙元音[??][a?][??]發(fā)音要領：從元音[?]起始，滑向元音[?]?？谛螐谋馄竭^渡到收圓，中間不能停頓。ogonobothoverjokesoohoaboatgoatcoatsoupowshowknowsnowwindowololdcoldfoldholdsoldoehomenosethosehopenotebone短語練習：gohomeIhopeso.Thepostmanclosethepostoffice[a?]發(fā)音要領：從舌位很低的元音[a：]起始。舌身先平放于口腔中，然后抬向放松的舌位元音[?]，雙唇逐漸收圓。oumousecloudloudouthousemouthaboutowbowcownowbrowntowndowntowermountain短語練習：abrowntowerhousewithoutsoundathousandflowersOpenyourmouthandroundyourlips舌端齒齦摩擦音[s][z][s]發(fā)音要領：舌尖抬起，靠近上齒齦，但不貼住。氣流從齒尖與齒齦間泄出，摩擦成音它是輕輔音聲帶不振動。sseaskysitsnakesunstarsmalllastfastlosthorsebusthissockslipssspassglassgrassccitycirclecyclericejuiceface短語練習：somesweetssingasongthisseasonI’msad.somejuicesomericeinthebag[z]發(fā)音要領：發(fā)音位置和口形與[s]相同。不同的是它是濁輔音，發(fā)音時聲帶振動zzoozebrazerozonesizegazebreezefreezeshishasplease元音、濁輔音加s讀[z].短語練習：Thereisazebrainthezoo.ReviewandTest一、寫出你所聽到的音標。[ɑ：][u：][?：][?][?][f][v][s][z][θ][e]二、聽單詞，寫出你所學過的音標。spoonsweetsimplesnakesunsingbluenosetherethatthisschoolheshebirdcarcateggzebralesson8合口雙元音[e?][a?][e?]發(fā)音要領：從舌位稍低的[e]開始，向[?]的舌位滑動。舌在發(fā)音過程中，舌位逐漸抬高atablebabyladypaperstationa_esavefacenamelatecakewavetapegameaiwaitmailstraitfailpaintraintailtraineabreakgreateieightweighteygreyobeyaysaywaystaydayplay短語練習：Nopains,nogains.Hastemakeswaste.Betterlatethannever.[a?]發(fā)音要領：舌尖抵下齒，口由開到合，由[ɑ：]向[?]滑動，中間不能停頓，舌位逐漸抬高i_elifetimefineninebikelikekitericesizeyflytryskywhycrybyiedietielieyeeyebyeighlighthighrightnight短語練習：Howtimeflies!Fivetimesfiveistwenty-five.Greatmindsthinkalike舌端齒齦后部摩擦音[?][?][?]發(fā)音要領：舌身抬起，舌身與上齒齦、硬腭間形成一窄小縫隙。雙唇突出，略呈喇叭形。氣流從縫隙中泄出。它是清輔音，聲帶不振動。shshipsheepshortshirt（詞首）brushesdisheswashes（詞中）pushrushwishrubbish（詞尾）ssuresugar短語練習：anEnglishshipasharkshock[?]發(fā)音要領：發(fā)音位置和口形與[?]相同。不同的是它是濁輔音，發(fā)音時聲帶振動suausualcasualsurepleasureleisuremeasuresiondecisiontelevisionoccasion短語練習：measurethepleasurethedecisiononthatoccasionReviewandTest一、寫出你所學過的前元音[][][][]二、寫出你所學過的爆破音。[][][][][][]三、寫出你學過的中元音{}{}{}四、寫出你學過的后元音{}{}{}{}{}五、寫出你學過的摩擦音{}{}{}{}六、連線，給單詞找到合適的音標。purple/tu：θ/bread/k??ld/breathe/li：st/arm/‘p3:pl/cold/bri：e/least/ɑ：m/tooth/bred/Lesson9合口雙元音[??]集中雙元音[??][??]發(fā)音要領：由[?]滑向[?]，口形由圓到扁平，從開到合，舌位逐漸抬高。[?]發(fā)的音較輕oioiljoincoinvoicenoisechoicespoiloyboytoyjoyenjoyemploysoy短語練習：theboyandhistoyjointheboysavoidthechoicetoilandnoil[??]發(fā)音要領：由[?]音快速滑向[?]，口形隨之變化，舌位逐漸降低eareallyideatheatreeareardearclearhearneartearbeardeerbeerdeersteersneercheerereherespheremere短語練習:nearhererealbeeraclearideaComehere,dear!Weareneartheendoftheyear.Cleartherubbishoutofhereanddon’tputitanywherenear.舌尖齒齦后部摩擦音[r]聲門摩擦音[h][r]發(fā)音要領：舌尖向上齒齦后部卷起，雙唇收圓微突，氣流從舌面和硬腭間泄出，摩擦成音。它是濁輔音，聲帶振動。rreadredrunrainroundroserightcarrotparrotthrow短語練習：rightorwrongtherealreasonabrightroomMerryChristmasTheseredrosesarereallypretty.Therailwaybridgeacrosstheriverisover100feethigh.[h]發(fā)音要領：口張開，口形不定，隨后面的元音而變化。氣流從口腔泄出不受阻，僅在通過聲門時有輕微摩擦。它是輕輔音，聲帶不震動hhouseheadhothamhathorsehomewh+owhosewhowhom短語練習：ahatinhandahighhillHowhorrible!ahappyholidayholdone’sheadhigh讀下面的句子，把可以連讀的地方劃出來，并標出連讀后的音標。Whattimeisit?Ilikeapairofsunglasses.CanIhaveanapple?Thisisablackkite.Ifitisgood,I’lleatit.Don’tshoutinmyearlesson10集中雙元音[??][??][??]發(fā)音要領：由[?]向[?]滑動，中間無停頓，聲音逐漸減弱。在發(fā)音過程中，舌位逐漸抬高，雙唇變化不大airairhairchairfairpairstaireirtheirearbearpearweararesharesquarecaredarestareeretherewhere短語練習：repairtheirchairspreparetodeclareshareandsharefairandsquare[??]發(fā)音要領：由[?]向[?]滑動，中間無停頓，聲音逐漸減弱。在發(fā)音過程中，舌位逐漸降低，雙唇由圓到不圓。oorpoormoorourtourgourduresurepurecure短語練習：Thetouristsaretouringthemoor.Theheartattacksbecamefewerandfewer破擦音[t?][d?][t?]發(fā)音要領：舌前部抬起，舌尖及舌端抵住上齒齦，形成完全阻塞。雙唇向前突出，氣流沖破阻礙，爆破摩擦成音。它是清輔音，聲帶不振動chChinachairchocolatechickcherryteacherkitchenwatchestouchwhichlunchmuchwatchbeachturepicturenaturecenturytionquestion短語練習：acheerfulchapsuchacharmingchildchooseachocolate[d?]發(fā)音要領：發(fā)音位置和口形與[t?]相同。不同的是它是濁輔音，發(fā)音時聲帶振動。jjamjeepjoinjumpjeansg(在i;e;y前)giraffeGeorgelargebridgeage短語練習：alargebottleofjamJohnandJaneGeorgecanjumponthelargebridge.一、將下列音標配對。元音/i：//?：//?：//u：//?//ɑ：//?//T//?//?//e//?/輔音/p//t//k//θ//s//?//f//z//v//?//g//b//d//e/二、讀下面的句子1.Sheisthefirstteacher.2.Therearesomegoodfood..3.Threebooksaredirty,twobooksareclean.4.-Canyoujump?-Yes,Ican.5.Afoxiseatingmeat.lesson11半元音[w][j][w]發(fā)音要領：雙唇收得很小，并向前突出。舌位較高，舌后部向軟腭抬起，但不接觸。一經(jīng)發(fā)出，迅速向后面的元音滑動。聲帶振動wwashwindowwearwarmwoodweekworkwaterswimswingwhwhalewhichwhenwherewhatwhywhite短語練習：wordforwordasweakaswaterbetweenwindandwater[j]發(fā)音要領：舌尖觸下齒部，舌前部盡量向硬腭抬起，但不接觸。雙唇扁平，氣流從舌面與硬腭間通過。半元音也稱為“滑動音”yyesyellowyoungyouryo-yoyearyesterdayuuseunituniformmusicexcuseEuewnewnephewfew短語練習：yearin,yearoutbyyourselfyesterday’snewspaperbeautifulmusicyouryellownewsuit鼻輔音[m][n][?][m]發(fā)音要領：雙唇緊閉成完全阻塞。氣流從鼻腔泄出，是濁輔音聲帶振動。mmonkeymoneymaskmuchmeetmanmouthsmokesmoothsmallsmartroomamhomedrummmsummerswimmermbclimbmnautumnhymnsolemn短語練習：manandwomenmakeroomforTommakeendsmeet[n]發(fā)音要領：舌尖和舌端抵住上齒齦成完全阻礙。氣流從鼻腔泄出。濁輔音nnoodlesnotneednicenewnursepencildentistangrybananapianocannotpenruninplaneknknowknewknownknock短語練習：neckornothingnowornevertolearnwithanopenmind[?]發(fā)音要領：舌后部抬起緊貼軟腭，成完全阻礙，氣流從鼻腔泄出。濁輔音。ninktankbankngsingkingringthingwinglongsongwrongstronghangfinger短語練習：singasongalongstringkingofEnglandLesson12舌側(cè)音[l][l][l]發(fā)音要領：發(fā)音時舌尖抵住上齒齦，使氣流從舌的一側(cè)或兩側(cè)泄出,質(zhì)清晰。它是濁輔音，聲帶振動。llooklikelemonlionlakelovelargelearnclosefloorsleepclap短語練習：leavehimalonealonglinelastbutnotleastliveandletlive[l]發(fā)音要領：舌端緊貼上齒齦，舌前下陷，舌后上抬，舌面形成凹形，氣流在此凹陷中產(chǎn)生共鳴，音質(zhì)模糊，它是濁輔音，聲帶振動lbuildwalktalkmilkhelpelbowchildgirllittlebowlmealbelldollllwillhillsmell短語練習：aspoiltchildPleasetellWilltofillthepailwithmilk.It’snevertoooldtolearn.Alittlepillmaywellcureagreatill.破擦音[tr][dr][tr]發(fā)音要領：舌尖向上卷起，抵住上齒齦后部，雙唇收圓，略向前突出。它是清輔音。trtreetraintrouserstrucktry短語練習：atrainunderatreeTracy,Tracy,Tracy,Tracy,themouselivesinatree.Sheseesmanytrainsandtrucks.Shetriesandtriestocatchthetrain.Train,train,train,Butthetrainwastoofasttocatch.[dr]發(fā)音要領：雙唇收圓向前突出，舌尖上翹抵住上齒齦，聲帶震動．drdrawdrinkdressdragondriverdropdream對比練習：treat-cheattree-cheesetrip-chiptree-drinktreat-dreamAreyoudreaming?Areyoudreaming?Brotherdragon,brotherdragon?Yes,Iamdreaming.Driveacar,Togetmytoy.Togetmytoy.Lesson13[ts][dz][ts]發(fā)音要領：舌尖抵住上齒齦，舌前部抬向硬腭，形成阻塞。氣流沖破阻礙先爆破，后摩擦。它是清輔音，聲帶不振動tsbeatsseatssheetsletssetsgetsfitsbitshatscatsartslotsshortsbootscutstesgateskitesMydadsellscoatsandhats.Hesaidhemightsellboots.Butthencamethebats,Andhewenttobuysomecats.Cats,cats,cats,Don’tbeafraidofthebats,Theyarejustratsbrothers[dz]發(fā)音要領：發(fā)音位置和口形與[ts]相同。但它是濁輔音dsreadsbeadsbidslidsbedsaddsladscardsgodsbirdswordsdeshidesspades復合輔音chchairbeachlunchcheesebenchchurchchickencherryshshoessheepshirtshipfishdishpushwhwhitewhalewheelwheatwhipphelephantphototelephonealphabetthbrotherfeatherleatherfathermotherththreethumbbaththirstymouthteethknknifeknobknee