2022高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)Module4SandstormsinAsia學(xué)案必修3

Module4SandstormsinAsia一、背單詞與詞塊(一)背閱讀單詞——會(huì)認(rèn)就行(背誦時(shí)遮住右側(cè)漢語(yǔ)，先自主翻譯，后比對(duì)詞義)1．sandstormn． 沙塵暴2．inlandadj. 內(nèi)地的；內(nèi)陸的3．massadj. 大量的；大規(guī)模的4．campaignn. 戰(zhàn)役；活動(dòng)5．dunen. 沙丘6．maskn. 面罩(二)背重點(diǎn)單詞——寫對(duì)才行1．process_n.進(jìn)程；過(guò)程2．forecast_vt.預(yù)報(bào)；預(yù)告3．citizenn.公民；市民4．recyclev.重新利用；再循環(huán)5．garbagen.廢料；垃圾(三)背拓展單詞——用準(zhǔn)才行1．coastn．海岸；海濱→coastal_adj.沿海的2．dustn．沙塵；灰塵→dustyadj.布滿灰塵的3．cyclevi.騎自行車→cyclistn．騎自行車的人4．evidentadj.明顯的→evidence_n．根據(jù)；證明5．plainvi.抱怨；發(fā)牢騷→plaintn．抱怨6．environmentn.環(huán)境→environmentaladj.環(huán)境的7．majoradj.主要的；多數(shù)的vi.主修→majorityn．大多數(shù)8．pollutevt.污染→pollutionn．污染→pollutantn．污染物9．protectvt.保護(hù)→protectionn．保護(hù)→protectiveadj.保護(hù)的；防護(hù)的10．chemistryn．化學(xué)→chemicaln.化學(xué)藥品→chemistn．化學(xué)家，藥劑師11．scarev．使害怕，嚇跑→scaryadj.恐怖的；嚇人的→scaredadj.害怕的12．urgevt.催促；極力主張→urgentadj.緊急的→urgency_n．緊急情況13．strongadj.強(qiáng)壯的；堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的→strengthn．力量；力氣→strengthenvt.加強(qiáng)14．frightn．害怕；恐懼→frightenvt.使害怕→frighteningadj.嚇人的；可怕的→frightenedadj.害怕的15．a(chǎn)bsoluteadj.絕對(duì)的；完全的→absolutenessn．絕對(duì)；完全→absolutelyadv.絕對(duì)地；完全地16．concernn．&vt.關(guān)心；擔(dān)心；與……相關(guān)→concernedadj.關(guān)心的；擔(dān)心的；有關(guān)的→concerningprep.關(guān)于；就……而言[語(yǔ)境活用]1．Thesetressneedyourprotection,_soyourprotective_measurescanprotectthemfrombeingdamaged.(protect)2．Knowingourstrengthisveryimportant.Butthemostimportantistostrengthenthetieswiththepeoplearoundus.(strength)3．ThehorrormoviefrightenedmetodeathwhenIthoughtaboutthefrighteningplot.Thatistosay,Iwasveryfrightened.(fright)4．Theteacherurged_thatthestudentsshouldbetaughthowtotakeurgentactioninurgency.(urgent)5．Ourparentsaremoreconcernedaboutourhealthandfuture.AsfarasI'mconcerned,_weshouldtalkwithourparentsandtellthemourconcerns.(concern)(四)背高頻單詞——先“記牢”再“用活”，不背絕對(duì)不行1．concernedadj.關(guān)心的；擔(dān)心的；有關(guān)的背詞條用法(1)as/sofaras...beconcerned就……而言beconcernedabout/for關(guān)心；掛念beconcernedwith/in...牽扯進(jìn)/參與……(2)show/expressone'sconcernabout/for對(duì)……表示關(guān)心/擔(dān)心背寫作佳句①(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))AsfarasI'mconcerned，wemustgetfullypreparedandpracticehardinordertoperformwellinthematch.我認(rèn)為，為了在比賽中表現(xiàn)出色，我們必須充分準(zhǔn)備，刻苦訓(xùn)練。②(2020·浙江高考寫作)AndI'mwritingtoshowourgenuineconcernforyourhealth.我寫信來(lái)表達(dá)我們對(duì)您健康的真誠(chéng)的關(guān)心。③(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.報(bào)告指出，許多父母仍然限制電子閱讀，主要是因?yàn)閾?dān)心屏幕時(shí)間增加。2．urgentadj.緊急的；迫切的背詞條用法urgesb.todo/intodoingsth.力勸/敦促某人做某事urgethat...(should)dosth.極力主張；強(qiáng)烈要求Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth.堅(jiān)決要求……背寫作佳句①Ican'tgoshoppingwithyoubecausesomethingurgenthashappened.因?yàn)榘l(fā)生了緊急的事情，我不能和你一起去購(gòu)物了。②Myambitiontobeadoctoralwaysurgedmetostudyveryhard.我想成為一名醫(yī)生的志向總是激勵(lì)我努力學(xué)習(xí)。③Heurgedthatmuchofthepovertybewipedout.他敦促消除大部分的貧困。(五)背短語(yǔ)詞塊——表達(dá)出彩，需多積詞塊才行eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單元短語(yǔ)再認(rèn)再現(xiàn)1．take_in 吸收；欺騙；理解2．take_away 取走；拿走3．cut_down 砍倒；削減；縮小4．give_out_ 放出；發(fā)出5．put_..._into_... 把……放進(jìn)……6．be_caught_in 突然遭遇(風(fēng)暴等)；被困??；遇到7．look_through 瀏覽；翻閱；快速查看8．a(chǎn)s_a_result_of 由于……的原因/結(jié)果9．wake_up_to 醒來(lái)面對(duì)；意識(shí)到10．have_a_bad_effect_on 對(duì)……有壞影響11．one_after_another 一個(gè)接一個(gè)地12．in_a_nutshell 簡(jiǎn)言之；概括地講eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)拓展用活1．cutdown砍倒；削減；縮小背相關(guān)短語(yǔ)cutin打斷(談話)，超車cutup切碎；切開(kāi)cutoff停止，中斷(供給)；中斷(通話等)cutbackon削減，減少背寫作佳句①Besides,manytreesarebeingcutdown,makingmanyanimalslosetheirhomes.此外，許多樹(shù)木被砍伐，使許多動(dòng)物失去它們的家園。②IwouldturnofftheTVratherthanswitchoffmycellphoneorcutofftheinternet.我寧愿關(guān)掉電視，也不愿關(guān)掉或切斷網(wǎng)絡(luò)。③Icalloneverystudenttodoourparttocutbackontheuseofplasticbags.我呼吁每個(gè)學(xué)生盡自己的一份力量來(lái)減少塑料袋的使用。2．takein吸收；收留；包括；理解；領(lǐng)會(huì)；欺騙背相關(guān)短語(yǔ)takeoff脫去(衣服等)；(飛機(jī)等)起飛；成功takeon呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān)takeup拿起；開(kāi)始從事；占據(jù)(時(shí)間、空間等)takecareof照顧，照料take...intoconsideration考慮……take...forexample以……為例背寫作佳句①Hopefullyyouwilltakemysuggestionintoconsideration.希望你能考慮我的建議。②(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))IadviseyoutolearnthehistoryoftheTangDynastyinadvance,whichwillhelpyoubettertakeinthepoemstobelearned.我建議你提前了解唐代的歷史，這會(huì)幫助你更好地理解你要學(xué)的詩(shī)歌。二、背佳句與佳作(一)背寫作佳句——多“輸入”才能巧“輸出”eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材內(nèi)句式舉一反三1．Theyareoftensothickthatyoucannotseethesun,andthewindissometimesstrongenoughtomovesanddunes.(so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)它們通常很濃厚，以至于你連太陽(yáng)都看不見(jiàn)，風(fēng)力有時(shí)強(qiáng)到可以移動(dòng)沙丘。佳句①(2019·天津高考)Tomissoindependentthatheneveraskshisparents'opinionunlesshewantstheirsupport.湯姆如此獨(dú)立，以至于他從來(lái)都不征求父母的意見(jiàn)，除非他想得到父母的支持。佳句②IamsosorrythatIwon'tbeabletoattendthelectureonAmericanhistorytomorrowafternoon.非常抱歉，明天下午我不能參加美國(guó)歷史的講座了。2．Thestormssometimescontinuealldayandtrafficmovesveryslowlybecausethethickdustmakesitdifficulttosee.[“makeit＋adj./n.＋(forsb.)＋todo...”結(jié)構(gòu)，it作形式賓語(yǔ)，不定式是真正的賓語(yǔ)]暴風(fēng)有時(shí)持續(xù)一整天，車輛開(kāi)得很慢，因?yàn)闈鉂獾膲m埃降低了能見(jiàn)度。佳句①Weshouldmakeitadutytoprotectourenvironment.我們應(yīng)該把保護(hù)環(huán)境作為一種責(zé)任。佳句②Thevolunteersclearedawaythesnowonthestreettomakeitsafeforpeopletowalkon.志愿者清除街道上的積雪，使人們?cè)谏厦姘踩凶?。佳句③Inaddition，everystudentcanbeinharmonywithforeignfriends,whichmakesiteasyforyoutogetalongwiththem.此外，每個(gè)學(xué)生都會(huì)與外國(guó)朋友和諧相處，這使你很容易與他們相處。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)同主題佳句熟讀成誦1．Manypeopleworrythatourenergywillrunoutquicklyifweuseitinanuncheckedway.許多人擔(dān)心，如果不控制能源的使用的話，我們的能源將會(huì)很快被耗盡。2．Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbeingwarmerandthatitishumanactivitiesthathavecausedthisglobalwarming.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，地球正變得更加暖和，全球變暖正是人類活動(dòng)所致。3．Havingrealizedtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment,thelocalfarmerstriedtheirbesttokeepthebalanceofnature.意識(shí)到保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性后，當(dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)民盡他們最大的努力來(lái)保持自然的平衡。(二)背滿分作文——好習(xí)作就靠“仿效”和“背誦”本輯學(xué)點(diǎn)——感謝信(二)[題目要求]假定你是李華，今年春節(jié)去新西蘭度假一周。你的朋友Luke招待了你。請(qǐng)給他寫一封信，表示感謝，內(nèi)容包括：1．你玩得很開(kāi)心；2．謝謝他的招待；3．邀請(qǐng)他來(lái)中國(guó)旅游。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。[背范文]DearLuke,I'mwritingtoconveymyheartfeltgratitudetoyouforyourkindhelpandtendercareduringmystayinNewZealand,withoutwhichIcouldn'thaveenjoyedmyselfsomuch.Duringtheweek,thefortableacmodation,deliciousmealsandyourfriendlyfamilymembersallmademefeelwarm,leavingmeeverlastingmemories.Furthermore,guidedbyyouIwashonoredtohavethechancetovisitplacesofinterestandbeexposedtoauniquecultureaswellasbeautifulscenery.Itwasyourgeneroushelpthatenabledmetohaveabetterunderstandingofyourcountry.ThanksagainforyourkindhelpandI'msincerelylookingforwardtoshowingyouaroundinChinainthenearfuture.Allthebestwishestoyou.Yours，LiHua[學(xué)亮點(diǎn)]1．學(xué)高級(jí)表達(dá)(1)使用高級(jí)詞匯和語(yǔ)塊，如：conveyone'sheartfeltgratitudeto,everlasting,furthermore,behonoredto,beexposedto,showsb.around等。(2)準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用復(fù)雜句式結(jié)構(gòu)，如：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句withoutwhichIcouldn'thaveenjoyedmyselfsomuch；現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)leavingmeeverlastingmemories；過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)guidedbyyou；強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Itwasyourgeneroushelpthatenabled...等。這些高級(jí)表達(dá)為文章增色不少，也彰顯了考生扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言功底。2．學(xué)精彩結(jié)尾結(jié)尾先用Thanksagainfor...再次表示感謝，體現(xiàn)了感情的真摯，然后用I'msincerelylookingforwardtoshowing...誠(chéng)懇地邀請(qǐng)朋友來(lái)中國(guó)旅游。最后表達(dá)了祝愿。3．防微點(diǎn)失分考生容易在“Duringtheweek,thefortableacmodation,...allmademefeelwarm...”中的feel前加上動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to，或把“Furthermore,guidedbyyouIwashonored...beexposedtoauniquecultureaswellasbeautifulscenery.”中的a誤用成an，從而導(dǎo)致失分。學(xué)案(一)重點(diǎn)單詞的查漏補(bǔ)缺——打牢必備知識(shí)[全面練——練清易錯(cuò)微點(diǎn)]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Thekidswereallwearingmasks(面罩)．2．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Theplumtreesarethefirsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化)．3．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)I'mtellingthemtheycan'topenwhattheyabsolutely(絕對(duì)地)knowisadoor.4．Wecanmakeplansaheadaccordingtotheweatherforecast(預(yù)報(bào))．5．Iholdtomybeliefthatdevelopmentshouldn'tbeatthecostoftheenvironment_(環(huán)境)．6．(2019·江蘇高考)Toenjoytheconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizens(公民)startedtousesmartphones.Ⅱ.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境寫出加黑部分的漢語(yǔ)意思1．Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.過(guò)程2．InnorthernChinaduringspringbigsandstormsoftenmaketroubleforpeople.沙塵暴3．(2020·江蘇高考)Therewillstillbelotsofchallengesifwearetoclassifygarbageinashorttime.垃圾4．Armedwiththisknowledge，they'reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.活動(dòng)5．TheAtlantichas,inasense,replacedtheMediterraneanastheinlandseaofWesterncivilization.內(nèi)陸的6．Desertificationisthegradualanddangerousdegradationofproductivelandintouselessdesert.沙漠化7．(熟詞生義)(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.優(yōu)點(diǎn)8．(熟詞生義)(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.聚集Ⅲ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetookmasses(mass)ofpicturesofthem.2.Convenientasplasticbagsareforpeople,theywillcausewhitepollution(pollute)．3.Withnoonetoturntoinsuchafrightening(frighten)situation,shefeltveryhelpless.4．Qingdaoisamostbeautifulcoastal(coast)cityandIthinkI'llgothereforasecondtime.5．Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedenoughevidencecanyouetoasoundconclusion(conclude)．6．AsZhongNanshanputsit,asurgicalmaskisenoughifoneusesitfordailyprotection(protect)．名師點(diǎn)撥“一站清”(1)英語(yǔ)中以“-te”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變成名詞時(shí)，常去掉e，再加-ion。(2)名詞后加“-en”后綴，可以變成動(dòng)詞，如frighten,strengthen,soften,broaden等。[重點(diǎn)練——深化高頻考點(diǎn)]1．concerned[明其義]adj.關(guān)心的；擔(dān)心的；有關(guān)的[通其用](1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Theopinionconcerning(concern)thishottopicvariesfrompersontoperson.②Housingproblemhasbeeoneofthebiggestconcerns(concern)forpeopleinbigcities.③Parentsshouldkeepintouchwiththeirchildrennowandthen,andbe_concerned(concern)abouttheirpsychologicaldemands.(2)翻譯句子④就我而言，沒(méi)有什么比健康更重要。As_far_as_I_am_concerned,_nothing_is_more_important_than_being_healthy.[解其困]concerned作形容詞用作前置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為“關(guān)心的；擔(dān)憂的”，如：aconcernedlook“關(guān)切的神色”；作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為“有關(guān)的；相關(guān)的”，如：theauthoritiesconcerned“有關(guān)當(dāng)局”。2．urgent[明其義]adj.緊急的；迫切的[通其用](1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Onlywhenweareawareoftheurgency(urgent)ofdoingbesttodaycanweboostabettertomorrow.②Aspartofdomesticmodernization,publictransportationneedstobedevelopedurgently_(urgent)inChina.③Ireallyhopethesuggestionsfromyourreaderscanbehelpfulinsolvingtheurgent(urgency)problem.(2)補(bǔ)全句子④Tobeginwith,it_is_urgent_to_createnaturereserves.首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保護(hù)區(qū)。⑤ThePresidenturged_that_all_Party_members_unitetostriveforprehensivelybuildingawell-offsociety.主席敦促全體黨員團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)，為全面建成小康社會(huì)而奮斗。學(xué)案(二)詞塊、句式的活學(xué)活用——強(qiáng)化關(guān)鍵能力[詞塊的驗(yàn)收盤點(diǎn)]Ⅰ.詞塊點(diǎn)點(diǎn)練——選詞填空takein，takeaway，cutdown，giveout，becaughtin，lookthrough，asaresultof，haveabadeffecton1.Isawamangiving_out_handbillsinthestreetthismorning.2．Evenwhentherosesweretaken_away,_thesmelllingeredonintheroom.3.Eventhoughtheputergameshad_a_bad_effect_onhim,hestillwenthisownway.4．MytimewaslimitedandIjustlooked_throughmynotesbeforetheexamination.5.Toourdisappointment,wewerelatefortheWorldCupFinalaswewere_caught_inthetrafficjam.6．Therainforestisbeingcut_downathighspeedsanditmaydisappearfromtheearthoneday.7．IwantedtohaveagoodrestbecauserecentlyIoftenfelttiredas_a_result_ofmyheavystudyburden.8.It'ssaidthatnon-smokerswhotake_intheairpollutedbytobaccosmokesuffermorethanthesmokersthemselves.名師點(diǎn)撥“一站清”(1)giveout除了“分發(fā)，發(fā)出”，還有“用完”之意。(2)havea...effecton相當(dāng)于havea...influenceon,意為“對(duì)……有……的影響”。(3)becaughtin意為“遭遇，陷入”，而不是“被抓住”的意思。(4)takein有“吸收，領(lǐng)會(huì)，欺騙，改小”等多種意思，注意其在不同的語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。Ⅱ.易錯(cuò)對(duì)對(duì)碰——辨析比較1．giveoutVSgiveoffVSgiveaway比較①Thewildflowersgive_off/out_anicesmell.②Hegave_awaythesecretthroughcarelessness.③Theteachergave_outtheexaminationpapers.辨清(1)在表示“發(fā)出”光、熱、聲音、氣味等，giveout與giveoff?？蓳Q用。但giveout還有“分發(fā)，用完，垮掉，失靈，公布”等意思。(2)giveaway主要表示“贈(zèng)送，泄露，頒發(fā)”等意思，在表示“頒發(fā)”時(shí)，可與giveout換用。2．lookthroughVSlookover比較①Wemustlook_over_thehousebeforewedecidetorentit.②Scottandhiswifeusuallylook_throughmorningnewspapersbeforebreakfast.辨清lookthrough可以指“粗略快速地看，瀏覽”，也可以指“徹底仔細(xì)地檢查(多用looksth.through結(jié)構(gòu))”，此時(shí)，可與lookover“仔細(xì)地看，檢查”換用。但lookthrough還可以指“看穿，識(shí)破”。Ⅲ.多義比比看——一詞多義(寫出下列各句中takein的含義)①Hemanagedtorentabigenoughhousetotakeinsomehomelesspeople.收留②Whilereadingpopularsciencebooks，wecantakeinmorebasicknowledge.吸收③TheUnitedKingdomtakesinEngland,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.包括④Lackingnecessarysocialexperience,teenagerstendtobetakeninbycheaters.欺騙⑤Beforeyoutranslateasentence,youshouldfirsttakeinthemeaningofthewords.理解[句式的驗(yàn)收盤點(diǎn)]so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句[通其用]1．句式升級(jí)(用so...that...升級(jí))①KeepingalearningdiaryeverydayisimportantandIwouldliketointroduceittoyou.→Keepingalearningdiaryeveryday_is_so_important_that_Iwouldliketointroduceittoyou.2．句式轉(zhuǎn)換(用such...that...轉(zhuǎn)換)②Dalianissoattractivethatlotsoftouristsvisitthecityeveryyear.→Dalianissuch_an_attractive_place_thatlotsoftouristsvisitthecityeveryyear.3．一句多譯他進(jìn)步很快，老師們對(duì)他感到很滿意。③He_has_made_great_progress_and_the_teachers_are_pleased_with_him.(簡(jiǎn)單句)④The_progress_he_has_made_is_so_great_that_the_teachers_are_pleased_with_him.(so...that...)⑤He_has_made_such_great_progress_that_the_teachers_are_pleased_with_him.(such...that...)⑥So_great_has_the_progress_been_made_by_him_that_the_the_teachers_are_pleased_with_him.(so位于句首的倒裝句)⑦Such_great_progress_has_he_made_that_the_teachers_are_pleased_with_him.(such位于句首的倒裝句)[解其困](1)so＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(adj./adv.＋that...,adj.＋an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that...,many/few＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋that...,much/little少的＋不可數(shù)名詞＋that...))(2)such＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(adj.＋不可數(shù)名詞＋that...,adj.＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋that...,an＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that...))(3)當(dāng)so＋形容詞/副詞及such...放在句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。學(xué)案(三)高考語(yǔ)篇的價(jià)值發(fā)掘——提升學(xué)科素養(yǎng)2019浙江6月高考·閱讀理解C篇——對(duì)接課標(biāo)主題：人與環(huán)境、人與動(dòng)植物(一)精讀真題——拓展語(yǔ)言能力(語(yǔ)篇中黑體詞匯為主題詞匯，請(qǐng)注意積累并揣摩其用法)[1]Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素)．[2]Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawasspared①orunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.[3]Manyfactorscontributedto②thedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargeted③bigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatpetewithbigtreesforresources(資源)．[4]Buteq\o(inparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanother,\s\do4(1))onebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.[5]Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithaputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettinginparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)．[6]Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingup④waterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.［析微點(diǎn)·厚積語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)］①微積累——熟詞生義：spareadj.空閑的；閑置的；備用的v．留出；拔出；省出(熟義)v．幸免；使逃脫(生義)②通多義——contributeto促進(jìn)；有助于；撰稿；捐獻(xiàn)③微點(diǎn)撥——名詞動(dòng)用：targetn．目標(biāo)；指標(biāo)v.把……作為攻擊目標(biāo)通句式——句子(1)中“inparing...2010”為介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞“awidespreaddeathofbigtrees”。④微積累——drive短語(yǔ)driveup抬高，使上升drivedown壓低；使下跌driveaway驅(qū)車離開(kāi)；趕跑[理脈絡(luò)——內(nèi)化讀文規(guī)律](二)解析真題——感悟素養(yǎng)立意[考什么·怎么考——真題再做]27．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B．TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C．ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D．TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.解析：選A段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thenumberoftrees...declinedby50percent...morethan55percent...75percent.”提到的數(shù)字可知，該段主要描述了加利福尼亞州森林中大樹(shù)急劇減少的嚴(yán)重性，故選A。28．Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A．Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B．Banningwoodcutting.C．Limitinghousingdevelopment.D．Firecontrolmeasures.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Aggressivewildfirecontrol..petewithbigtreesforresources(資源)．”可知，聲勢(shì)浩大的野外火災(zāi)控制措施雖然一定程度上保護(hù)了森林，但同時(shí)也導(dǎo)致小樹(shù)泛濫，與大樹(shù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)資源，從而導(dǎo)致大樹(shù)數(shù)量減少，故選D。29．WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A．Inadequatesnowmelt. B．Alongerdryseason.C．Awarmerclimate. D．Dampnessoftheair.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures”可知，McIntyre認(rèn)為水資源短缺的主要原因是逐漸上升的氣溫，故選C。30．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．California'sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC．WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D．PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia解析：選A標(biāo)題歸納題。閱讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了美國(guó)加利福尼亞州森林中大樹(shù)數(shù)量急劇減少的現(xiàn)象，并分析了其原因。因此A項(xiàng)能很好地概括全文。[為什么考·有何價(jià)值——導(dǎo)向解讀]一、發(fā)展思維品質(zhì)文中第30題主要考查學(xué)生的概括性思維。如果只看到砍伐樹(shù)木，那就只看到了局部信息，而掉入命題人故意設(shè)置的陷阱，誤選B項(xiàng)。應(yīng)結(jié)合第一段的主題句以及整篇文章的綜合敘述，加以概括可知，文章第一段就點(diǎn)出主題，后面各段具體分析了美國(guó)加利福尼亞州森林中大樹(shù)數(shù)量急劇減少的現(xiàn)象以及原因，故選A。二、聚焦核心價(jià)值本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了美國(guó)加利福尼亞州的森林中大樹(shù)急劇減少的現(xiàn)象及其原因，旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生了解社會(huì)發(fā)展不能違背自然規(guī)律。自然和人類社會(huì)的關(guān)系就恰如水與舟的關(guān)系，二者關(guān)系處理的好壞直接關(guān)系到整個(gè)人類社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。選文切合現(xiàn)實(shí)，對(duì)于提高人們的環(huán)保意識(shí)具有促進(jìn)作用。(三)借力真題——發(fā)掘?qū)W習(xí)能力Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Themoneyisintendedforthedevelopment(develop)ofthetouristindustry.2．Hepeeredslowlyaroundthesmallcrowded(crowd)room.3．Thepanysuffered(suffer)hugelossesinthelastfinancialyear.4．Toavoiddampness(damp)，weshouldairtheroomregularly.5．Thesetreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage(short)．Ⅱ.補(bǔ)全句子1．Ibelievethateachofuscancontribute_to(做貢獻(xiàn))thefutureoftheworld.2．In_parison_with/pared_with(與……相比)thepreviousstudy,thenewstudyexpandedresearchsubjects.3．Theriseofwagesdrove_up(抬高)thecostsofproduction,leadingtohigherprices.Ⅲ.分析長(zhǎng)難句1．Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithaputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettinginparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)．[句式解構(gòu)]本句是一個(gè)含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句和兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句。主句的主語(yǔ)是Theresearchers，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是figuredout。其中that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞“aputermodel”，在此從句中，第一個(gè)howmuch引導(dǎo)的從句作calculate的賓語(yǔ)；第二個(gè)howmuch引導(dǎo)的從句作inparisonwith的賓語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)“takingintoaccount...”作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。[句意翻譯]研究人員利用計(jì)算機(jī)模型計(jì)算出樹(shù)木用水的壓力，該模型計(jì)算出了樹(shù)木獲得的水量與它們所需的水量進(jìn)行比較，并將降雨量、氣溫、土壤濕度和融雪時(shí)間等因素考慮在內(nèi)。2．Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.[句式解構(gòu)]本句是一個(gè)含有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句。句子的主干是thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperaturesandearliersnowmelt，主句的主語(yǔ)是thebiggestfactors，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是havebeenrising。其中drivingupwaterstressinthestate為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾thebiggestfactors；第一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞rising_temperatures；第二個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞earlier_snowmelt。[句意翻譯]McIntyre說(shuō)，自20世紀(jì)30年代以來(lái)，導(dǎo)致該州水資源緊張的最大因素是氣溫升高，這導(dǎo)致樹(shù)木向空氣中流失更多的水分，以及過(guò)早的融雪減少了樹(shù)木在旱季的水資源供應(yīng)。Ⅳ.主題語(yǔ)境寫作假定你是李華。你班同學(xué)參加了學(xué)校的“地球日”系列活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)以“ActionsforaGreenerEarth”為題，給?？坝⒄Z(yǔ)角”寫一篇英文稿件，介紹活動(dòng)的全過(guò)程。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：地球日EarthDayActionsforaGreenerEarth參考范文：ActionsforaGreenerEarthAweekbeforeEarthDay,posterswereputuparoundourschool，callinguponustojoinintheactionsforagreenerearth.Ourclasscameupwiththeideatomakebetteruseofusedmaterials.Webroughttoourclassroomworn-outclothes,piecesofcardboardandemptyplasticbottles，andturnedthoseintodolls，handbagsandsmallvases.Thatweekend,wewenttoanearbyneighborhoodandgavethemawaytothepeoplethere.Allwereveryhappywiththoseunexpectedgifts,especiallylittlekidsandelderlypeople.Wedidsowellthatwewereinvitedtoshareourideasandexperiencewithallthestudentsofourschool.Weareveryproudofourselvesandbelievewecandomoreforabetterworld.課下主題訓(xùn)練人與環(huán)境、人與動(dòng)植物Ⅰ.閱讀理解AMostofthesandstormsthathadsweptChinalastyearcamefromforeignland,aChineseofficialinchargeofdesertification(荒漠化)controlsaidonMonday.Andtheinvasions(入侵)couldpartlyexplainthefrequentsandstormsinthecountryinrecentyearsdespiteitsachievementsindesertificationcontrol.Sincethestartoflastspring,thenorthandnorthwesternChineseregionshadbeenhitby17sandstorms,ofwhich,adozencamefromforeignland.Situatedinthecentral-Asiasandstormregion,oneoftheworld'sfourlargestsandstormsources,ChinaalsosuffersfromsandstormsfromoutsidethecountrywhilebeingblamedasasandsourcetonortheastAsia.TheotherthreemajorsourcesareinAfrica,NorthAmericaandAustralia.Thelandsufferingfromdesertificationhasbeendecreasingby7,585squarekilometresannuallyinChina,andtheareaofsandylandhasalsobeenfallingby1,284squarekilometresayear.Theshrinkage(收縮)formsaclearcontrasttothefactthatthelandsufferingfromdesertificationandsandyfeaturewasaddedby10,400squarekilometresand3,436squarekilometreslatelastcentury,respectively.Currently,thedesertificationlandinChinamakesup2.64millionsquarekilometres,accountingfor27.46percentofthenation'sland,anditssandylandtotals1.74millionsquarekilometres,accountingfor18.1percentofthecountry'stotal.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。近年來(lái)中國(guó)遭受嚴(yán)重的風(fēng)沙襲擊，而中國(guó)也被認(rèn)為是風(fēng)沙的來(lái)源之一，經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力中國(guó)在治沙方面取得了顯著的成效。)1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decreasing”meaninParagraph4?A．Goingdown. B．Goingup.C．ingfrom. D．Takingup.解析：選A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句中的“hasalsobeenfallingby1,284squarekilometresayear”可知，該詞的意思是“減少”，故選A項(xiàng)。2．WheredomostofthesandstormsinChinaefrom?A．ThenorthwesternChineseregions.B．ThenorthernChineseregions.C．ThewesternpartofChina.D．Foreigncountries.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，去年襲擊中國(guó)的沙塵暴大部分來(lái)自外國(guó)，故選D項(xiàng)。3．WhichofthefollowingisbelievedtobethesandsourcetonortheastAsia?A．Mongolia. B．Africa.C．China. D．Australia.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“Chinaalsosuffersfromsandstorms...sandsourcetonortheastAsia”可知，中國(guó)被認(rèn)為是東北亞風(fēng)沙的來(lái)源地，故選C項(xiàng)。4．Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A．ThelandinChinasufferingfromdesertificationhasbeenincreasinggreatly.B．Chinahasmadeachievementsinitsowndesertificationcontrol.C．ThedesertificationlandmakesupnearlyhalfofChina'sterritory.D．LittleprogresshasbeenmadeincontrollingdesertificationinChina.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知，遭受風(fēng)沙襲擊的土地每年減少7585平方千米，由此沙地的區(qū)域每年減少1284平方千米，由此可推知控制沙漠化取得了成效，故選B項(xiàng)。B(2021·六安高三檢測(cè))Severalyearsagoclimatechangewasacontroversialsubjectwithmanypeopleinsistingitdidn'texist.Today,fewpeopledoubtthattheclimateischanginginunfortableanddangerousways.Forme,livingonanislandoffthewestcoastofCanada,climatechangedidn'tdirectlyaffectme.Thatchangedthissummer.TherearealwaysafewwildfiresintheforestsofCanadainsummerbutthisyearhasbeenexceptionallybadaswe'vehad,forpracticalpurposes,norainatall.Thenthefiresstartedandmanyfamilieshavelosttheirhomestotheflames.InearlyAugustwewokeuponedaytoaheavysmokefromthemainland.Itwasdarkforseveraldays.BySeptember,againthesunhasbeenblockedbysmoke,thistimefromWashingtonandOregonintheUnitedStates.Thesmokehascoveredusforaboutaweek.Inthemorethantwentyyearswe'veneverbeforehadthishappen.Nowwe'vebeenblanketedbysmoketwiceinonesummer.Thechangeinourclimateisclearanditdoesn'tbode(預(yù)兆)well.Alreadyourseasidetownisputtingregulationsinplaceandmakingplanstodealwithariseinsealevel.However,ifthesealevelesupmorethanafewmeterswecouldhavebigproblems.Idon'tpretendtounderstandallthecausesofclimatechangeorthebestwaysoffixingitif,indeed,itcanbefixed.Itis,however,beingincreasinglynoticeable.LastnightweweresupposedtobeabletoseetheNorthernLightsbutthesmokepreventedthat.Butthere'ssomegoodnews.Ihavejustnoticedthatforthefirsttimeinmonthsitisraining.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者通過(guò)講述自身經(jīng)歷，闡述了氣候變化越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重，已經(jīng)影響到了人們的生活和家園。5．Whendidtheauthorbegintobeaffectedbyclimatechange？A.Afterthesmokydays. B．InAugustthissummer.C．Onarrivingattheisland. D．Whenthefirstfirebrokeout.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“InearlyAugust...aweek.”可知，今年夏天的八月，作者開(kāi)始被氣候變化所影響。故選B。6．Whatdidtheseasidetowndowithclimatechange?A．Itfoundthecauses. B．Itsolvedtheproblems.