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2022年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題(第一套)解析PartIWriting 參考范文DearSir/Madam,Iamwritingtosharesomeconcernsaboutourlibrary’soperationsandtosuggestimprovementsthatcouldmarkedlyenhancethequalityofservice.Oneofthemostpressingissues2pertainstothelibrary’soperatinghours.Currently,thelibraryclosesrelativelyearly,whichisparticularlyinconvenientduringthecriticalexamperiods3whenstudentsareindireneedofaquietenvironmentforextendedstudysessions.Iproposethatthelibraryextendsitsclosinghoursto11p.m.onweekdaysandconsidersopeningonweekends,especiallyduringthemidtermsandfinalsseasons.Furthermore,thetechnologicalofferingsofourlibraryseemsomewhatoutdated.Inaneradominatedbydigitalinformation,theprovisionofstate-of-the-artcomputers4equippedwithfast,reliableinternetaccessplusabroadrangeofdigitaldatabaseswouldbeasignificantboontoensurethatourstudentshaveattheirfingertips5themostcurrentandcomprehensiveresourcesfortheiracademicinquiries.Iamhopefulthatthesesuggestionswillbemetwiththoughtfulconsideration6.Thankyouforyourtimeandattention.Sincerely,名師點(diǎn)評(píng)本次寫(xiě)作任務(wù)要求考生向?qū)W校圖書(shū)館提交一份提案,以改善其服務(wù)。考生需要闡述圖書(shū)館目前面臨的問(wèn)題以及可能的解決辦法,考生可選擇自己熟悉的方面,清晰、流暢地表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)。1.本文整體結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,邏輯清晰。文章開(kāi)頭直接陳述了寫(xiě)作目的,緊接著針對(duì)圖書(shū)館的運(yùn)營(yíng)時(shí)間和技術(shù)設(shè)備提出了兩個(gè)主要的改進(jìn)建議,最后以對(duì)建議采納的期望結(jié)束。2.pressingissues這一短語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)了圖書(shū)館面臨的嚴(yán)峻問(wèn)題,傳達(dá)出作者對(duì)問(wèn)題緊迫性的認(rèn)識(shí)以及對(duì)解決方案的迫切需求。pressing一詞的使用,增加了文章對(duì)問(wèn)題重要性的強(qiáng)調(diào),有效提升了提案的說(shuō)服力。3.criticalexamperiods這個(gè)短語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)確地描述了問(wèn)題發(fā)生的具體時(shí)期,即考試周,這是圖書(shū)館服務(wù)尤為重要的時(shí)刻。通過(guò)指明critical,作者突出了延長(zhǎng)圖書(shū)館開(kāi)放時(shí)間的必要性和緊迫性。4.state-of-the-artcomputers這一短語(yǔ)的使用強(qiáng)調(diào)了圖書(shū)館有技術(shù)更新的必要,特別是在數(shù)字化時(shí)代背景下。state-of-the-art一詞不僅表明了對(duì)最新技術(shù)設(shè)施的需求,還傳達(dá)了向現(xiàn)代化邁進(jìn)的愿景。5.attheirfingertips此短語(yǔ)生動(dòng)地描述出圖書(shū)館應(yīng)提供便捷的資源獲取條件,使學(xué)生能夠輕松獲取所需的學(xué)術(shù)內(nèi)容。這種表達(dá)方式增強(qiáng)了建議的直觀感,使讀者更能理解提議的好處。6.thoughtfulconsideration該短語(yǔ)體現(xiàn)了作者對(duì)圖書(shū)館管理層決策過(guò)程的尊重和理解。通過(guò)thoughtful一詞,作者以禮貌而尊重的方式結(jié)束了提案,表達(dá)了對(duì)建議被認(rèn)真考慮的期望。靚句積累=1\*GB3①Currently,thelibraryclosesrelativelyearly,whichisparticularlyinconvenientduringthecriticalexamperiodswhenstudentsareindireneedofaquietenvironmentforextendedstudysessions.目前,圖書(shū)館關(guān)門(mén)較早,這在關(guān)鍵的考試期間尤為不便,因?yàn)槟瞧陂g學(xué)生們迫切需要一個(gè)安靜的環(huán)境長(zhǎng)時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)。=2\*GB3②Inaneradominatedbydigitalinformation,theprovisionofstate-of-the-artcomputersequippedwithfast,reliableinternetaccessplusabroadrangeofdigitaldatabaseswouldbeasignificantboon.在這個(gè)數(shù)字信息主導(dǎo)的時(shí)代,最先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)輔以快速可靠的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接和內(nèi)容廣泛的電子數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),這將大有裨益。③Iamhopefulthatthesesuggestionswillbemetwiththoughtfulconsideration.我希望這些建議能得到充分考慮。詞語(yǔ)拓展mostpressingissues最緊迫的問(wèn)題→mostcriticalchallengesstate-of-the-artcomputers最先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)→cutting-edgecomputers/highlyadvancedtechnologicalcomputersbroadrangeofdigitaldatabases內(nèi)容廣泛的電子數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)→extensivearrayofdigitalrepositories/comprehensiveselectionofelectronicdatabasesthoughtfulconsideration充分的考慮→carefuldeliberation/meticulousevaluationwithduediligencePartII ListeningComprehensionSectionANewsReportOneAnewstudyfindsthatbeveragescontainingaddedsugarmightbeharmful.Inthestudy,researchersanalyzedinformationfromover80,000womenand37,000men.Participantsworkedinthehealthprofession.[1]Theywerefollowedforapproximatelythreedecades.Theycompletedsurveysabouttheirdieteveryfouryears.Theyalsoansweredquestionsaboutsleep,exerciseandhealtheverytwoyears.Themorebeveragescontainingaddedsugarthatpeopledrank,thegreatertheirriskofdeathwasduringthestudyperiod.Thesebeveragesincludedsoda,energydrinks,andsportsdrinks.Beverageslikepurefruitjuice,whicharesweet,butdonotcontainaddedsugar,werenotpartofthestudy.Thefindingsheldevenaftertheresearchersconsideredotherfactorsthatcouldaffectpeople’shealth.Thesefactorsincludedlackofexerciseandnoteatingenoughvegetables.Theyalsoincludedconsumingtoomuchmeat.Thescientistssaythattheirresultssupportlimitingbeverageswithaddedsugar.[2]Theyargueweshouldreplacethemwithotherdrinks,withwaterbeingthebestchoice.However,theresearchersadmitthisissimplytheirrecommendation.Thestudyfoundonlyanassociation.Itdidnotprovethatdrinkswithaddedsugarcauseearlydeath.Questions1to2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.Whatdowelearnaboutthenewstudyfromthenewsreport?【答案】D【解析】原文[1]:受試者接受了大約30年的跟蹤研究。選項(xiàng)D)Itranforaslongassome30years準(zhǔn)確轉(zhuǎn)述原文信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。2.Whatisthescientists’recommendation?【答案】B【解析】原文[2]:他們表示,應(yīng)該用其他飲品來(lái)代替含糖飲料,水是最佳選擇。選項(xiàng)B)Drinkingwaterinsteadofbeverageswithaddedsugar準(zhǔn)確概括原文信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。NewsReportTwo[3]GermanpoliceappealedFridayforinformationaboutthepossibleownersoftwo17th-centuryoilpaintings.Policesaida64-year-oldmanfoundthepaintingsinagarbagepileatahighwayreststoplastmonth.HelaterhandedthemintotheColognepolice.[4]Aninitialassessmentbyanartexpertconcludedthetwoframedpaintingswereoriginals,policesaid.OneisalandscapepaintedbytheItalianartist,PietroBellottidatingto1665.Theotherisapaintingofaboybythe17th-centuryDutchartist,SamuelVanHoogstraten,dateunknown.Theircombinedworthisestimatedtobearound1millionEuros.Authoritieshavenotyetconfirmedwhatwillhappeniftherightfulownerisnotfound,nevertheless,itisspeculatedthattheycouldeitherbehandedovertotheNationalArtMuseumofCologneorsoldtothepublicbythelocalgovernment.Questions3to4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.WhatdidGermanpolicesayabouta64-year-oldman?【答案】D【解析】原文[3]:周五,德國(guó)警方呼吁公眾提供關(guān)于兩幅17世紀(jì)油畫(huà)主人的信息。警方表示,上個(gè)月一位64歲男子在高速公路休息站的垃圾堆里發(fā)現(xiàn)了這兩幅油畫(huà)。選項(xiàng)D)Hefoundtwo17th-centuryoilpaintings準(zhǔn)確概括原文信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。4.Whatistheartexpert’sconclusionaboutthetwoframedpaintings?【答案】B【解析】原文[4]:警方表示,經(jīng)藝術(shù)專家初步鑒定,這兩幅裱框油畫(huà)均為真跡。選項(xiàng)B)Theyareoriginals復(fù)現(xiàn)原文關(guān)鍵信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。NewsReportThree[5]Afour-year-oldgirlhaswalkedeightkilometersthroughasnowyforesttoseekhelpforhersickgrandmotherwholaterdiedofaheartattack.Theyounggirlbravedthethreatofbears,wolvesandtemperaturesfarbelowfreezing.ShemadethejourneythrougharemoteregioninSiberiaafterwakinguptofindhergrandmothermotionless.NamedlocallyasCarla,shelivesalonewithherelderlygrandmotherandherblindgrandfather.[6]Asaresult,thegirl’smotherisfacingacriminalcase.Shestandsaccusedofleavingaminorindangerinthecareoftheelderly.ShealsofacesinvestigationfromchildcareserviceswhowillalsobeaskingwhyCarlawasleftalonewithhervulnerablerelatives.ThejourneytookplaceinFebruarywhentemperaturesaverage-25°C.Russianreportsonsocialmediasuggesttheforestmayhavebeenascoldas-34°C.Thejourneywasonlyrecentlyconfirmedbyauthorities.[7]Butthoughshewassufferingfromtheeffectsofextremecold,thechildreportedlysufferednolife-threateningeffects.Lastyear,athree-year-oldboysurvivedaloneforthreedaysinaremoteforestinthesameregion.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.Whatdidthefour-year-oldgirlattempttodo?【答案】C【解析】原文[5]:4歲女孩徒步8公里,穿越冰雪覆蓋的森林,為病重的祖母尋求幫助,祖母終因心臟病發(fā)作而去世。選項(xiàng)C)Savehersickgrandmother準(zhǔn)確概括原文信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。6.Whatdowelearnfromthenewsreportaboutthegirl’smother?【答案】A【解析】原文[6]:女孩的母親由于此事件將面臨刑事指控,原因是讓老人照顧未成年人,使其處于危險(xiǎn)境地。選項(xiàng)A)Shehastofaceacriminalcharge準(zhǔn)確轉(zhuǎn)述原文信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。7.Whathappenedtothelittlegirlaccordingtothenewsreport?【答案】C【解析】原文[7]:據(jù)報(bào)道,雖然女孩遭受嚴(yán)寒,但無(wú)生命危險(xiǎn)。選項(xiàng)C)Shesufferedfromtheeffectsofaseverecold,severe對(duì)應(yīng)原文的extreme,準(zhǔn)確轉(zhuǎn)述原文信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。SectionBConversationOneW:I’vemadeanewfriendrecently.HernameisSusanandshe’sfromSouthAfrica.M:Howdidyoumeether?W:WemetoverWeChat.Shehasverycoolphotosonhersocialmedia.Thephotosofherhometownlookamazing.M:[8]What’sherhometowncalled?W:[8]It’scalledCapeTown.It’sinthesouthwestofSouthAfrica.Shesaysit’sverygreenandwindy.ThecitywasbuiltbyEuropeansettlersandthere’sabigmountainthatoverlooksthecity.[9]Themountainiscalled“TableMountain”,becauseit’sflatatthetop.M:Thatsoundsinteresting.Whatarethepeopletherelike?W:Well,SusansaysSouthAfricaisverymixed.ThereareblackpeopleandwhitepeopleandIndianpeople.[10]Susaniswhite.ShesaysherancestorswerefromBritain.ManylanguagesarespokeninSouthAfrica,butsheonlyspeaksEnglish.M:Didn’tSouthAfricahosttheFootballWorldCupafewyearsago?Theymustplayfootballalotthen,right?W:[11]Ithinktheyplayfootball,butit’snotaspopularasrugby.M:Rugby?What’srugby?W:Rugbyisasportwithtwoteamsandtheplayerscarrytheballintheirarmsandthrowitateachother.Theballisnotround,andtheplayerspusheachother.Idon’treallyunderstandtherules.Ithinkit’sverycomplicated.M:Thatsoundslikeaverystrangesportindeed.IsitonlySouthAfricathatplaysit?W:No,it’salsopopularinBritainandinotherformerBritishcolonieslikeAustraliaandNewZealand.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.WhatdoesthewomansayabouthernewfriendSusan?【答案】C【解析】原文[8]:男士問(wèn):“她的家鄉(xiāng)在哪?”女士答:“開(kāi)普敦?!边x項(xiàng)C)ShecomesfromthecityofCapeTown準(zhǔn)確轉(zhuǎn)述原文信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。9.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutTableMountain?【答案】D【解析】原文[9]:這座山山頂平坦,被當(dāng)?shù)厝朔Q作“桌子山”。選項(xiàng)D)ItwasnamedbyEuropeansettlers復(fù)現(xiàn)原文關(guān)鍵信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。10.Whatdowelearnfromtheconversationaboutthewoman’sfriendSusan?【答案】A【解析】原文[10]:蘇珊是白人,她說(shuō)她的祖先來(lái)自英國(guó)。選項(xiàng)A)ShehasBritishancestors準(zhǔn)確轉(zhuǎn)述原文信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。11.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutrugbyinSouthAfrica?【答案】D【解析】原文[11]:我覺(jué)得他們雖然踢足球,但不如橄欖球受歡迎。選項(xiàng)D)Itismorepopularthanfootball準(zhǔn)確轉(zhuǎn)述原文信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。ConversationTwoM:Hi,Jennifer.I’mreallystrugglingwiththissemester’sworkload.Doyouhaveanyadvice?W:[12]Haveyouconsideredmakingastudyguide?It’satoolyoucanmakeyourselftotakethestressoutofstudying.I’vebeenusingonesincethestartoflastsemester,andithasreallyhelpedrelievealotofstudypressure.M:SoundslikejustwhatIneed.[13]Mymainproblemisthatmystudyfolderisfullofnotesandworksheetsandisbadlydisorganized.Idon’tknowwheretostart.W:Okay.Well,themainthingistohaveeverythingintherightplace.Whateveryouarereviewing,it’simportantthatit’sarrangedforyourparticularneedsofthatsubject,andinthemostuser-friendlywayyoucan,whatkindoflearnerareyou?M:Hmm,I’mnotsure.W:Well,visuallearnerspreferusingimages,pictures,colors,andmapstoorganizeinformation;logicallearnershavealinearmindandwouldratheruselogic,reasoningandsystems.[14]I’manemotionallearner,whichmeansIneedtoconnecttoinformationemotionallytounderstandit.M:Oh,I’mverymuchdependentonvisionasawayoftakingininformation.W:Well,Isuggestre-organizingyournotesusingcolor-codedsectionsinyourstudyguides,orusingideamappingtolayouttheinformationandmakeitmorequicklyaccessible.M:[15]SoyouthinkIshouldarrangemynotesusingcolorsandpicturesinplaceoftext?W:Yes.You’llprobablystarttograspinformationalotquickerthatway.Asanemotionallearner,IorganizemynotesintoastorythatIcanconnecttoandrecitetomyself.M:That’samazing.Ididn’tknowthereweresomanydifferentwaystolearn.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversionyouhavejustheard.12.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemando?【答案】A【解析】原文[12]:你考慮過(guò)制定一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)規(guī)劃嗎?選項(xiàng)A)Prepareastudyguide復(fù)現(xiàn)原文關(guān)鍵信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。13.Whatisthebiggestproblemthemanhaswithhisstudies?【答案】C【解析】原文[13]:我的主要問(wèn)題是學(xué)習(xí)文件夾亂糟糟的,塞滿了學(xué)習(xí)筆記和活頁(yè)習(xí)題。選項(xiàng)C)Hisstudyfolderisbadlydisorganized復(fù)現(xiàn)原文關(guān)鍵信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。14.Whatkindoflearnerdoesthewomansaysheis?【答案】B【解析】原文[14]:我屬于情感型學(xué)習(xí)者,需要將信息與情感相聯(lián)系才能理解。選項(xiàng)B)Anemotionallearner復(fù)現(xiàn)原文關(guān)鍵信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。15.Whatdoesthewomanthinkthemancandowithhisnotes?【答案】A【解析】原文[15]:你覺(jué)得我整理筆記時(shí)應(yīng)該用顏色和圖片代替文本嗎?選項(xiàng)A)Arrangethemusingcolorsandpictures復(fù)現(xiàn)原文關(guān)鍵信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。SectionCPassageOne[16]Thegoldenruleisamoralprinciplewhichstatesthatyoushouldtreatothersthewayyouwanttobetreatedyourself.Forexample,ifyouwantpeopletotreatyouwithrespect,youshouldtreatthemwithrespect.Differentpeopletendtobeexposedtodifferentformsofthegoldenrule.Basedonfactorssuchasthereligionintheirsociety.However,allformsofthegoldenrulerevolvearoundthesameconcept.Namely,theyhelpyoutreatothersbetterbyusingthewayyouyourselfwouldwanttobetreatedasaguideofhowtobehave.[17]Anotablecriticismofthegoldenruleisthatitsapplicationcanleadtoundesirableoutcomeswhenitconflictswithlawsandethicalprinciples.Forexample,ifsomeonebreaksthelaw,thegoldenrulewouldsuggestthatweshouldletthemgobecausewewouldnotwanttobepunishedourselves.However,thisissuewiththegoldenrulecanbedealtwithinageneralmannerbyviewingthisprincipleasoneofseveralprinciplesthatweusetoguideourbehaviorasindividualsandasasociety.Specifically,intheexampledescribedabove,mostindividualsandsocietieschoosetoplacelawsandethicalprinciplesabovethegoldenrule.[18]Thismeansthattheystrivetoimplementthegoldenrulewheneverpossibleaslongasitdoesn’tclashwithamoreimportantconcept.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutthegoldenrule?【答案】D【解析】原文[16]:此黃金法則是一條道德原則:希望別人怎樣對(duì)待你,就應(yīng)該怎樣對(duì)待別人。選項(xiàng)D)Itisamoralprincipletoguidepeople’sbehavior準(zhǔn)確概括原文信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。17.Whatisanotablecriticismofthegoldenrule?【答案】C【解析】原文[17]:該黃金法則備受質(zhì)疑的是,當(dāng)它與法律和道德原則沖突時(shí),可能引發(fā)意料之外的結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)C)Itmaysometimesproduceundesirableoutcomes復(fù)現(xiàn)原文關(guān)鍵信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。18.Whatdoestheexampleofsomeonebreakingthelawservetoshow?【答案】B【解析】原文[18]:這意味著,只要不與更重要的觀念相沖突,人們就會(huì)踐行黃金法則。選項(xiàng)B)Thegoldenrulemustsometimesgivewaytomoreimportantprinciples準(zhǔn)確轉(zhuǎn)述原文信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。PassageTwoToday,manylargecorporationsstresstheimportanceofdiversityontheirwebsites.[19]ButcurrentstatisticsshowthatthetypicalmanagerinAmericastilltendstobewhiteandmale.Obviously,thedesiretobringaboutdiversityhasnottranslatedintocorporatereality.Whyisthis?[20]AteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofBaselpublishedtheirnewstudyaboutpeople’sattitudestowardsdiversityatwork.Theyfoundthatpeoplehaveawiderangeofopinionsconcerningdiversity.Ontheonehand,manyseevalueindiversity,whichcancontributeavarietyofperspectives,encouragenewideas,andgenerateinnovativesolutions.Ontheotherhand,theyassumethatitmightbedifficulttoworkwithsomeonewhohascompletelydifferentviews,speaksadifferentlanguage,orhasadifferentstyleofwork.Theactualvaluetheyattributetodiversitydependsonthedecision-makingperspective.Doubtsaboutthepracticabilityofdiversityhaveagreaterweightifapersonisdirectlyaffected.[21]Inotherwords,whenaperson’sownworkgroupisinvolved,theytendtopreferteammemberswhoaresimilartothemselves.Butwhenpeoplemakedecisionsforothers,theytypicallyputtogetheramorediverseteam.Thesefindingscouldhelporganizationsbecomemorediverse.Companiesneedtopayattentiontowhomakeshiringandteamdecisions.Thesedecisionsshouldnotonlybemadebythosedirectlyaffected.Peoplewhoarenotdirectlyinvolvedinthegroup’sdailyworkshouldalsotakepart.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.Whatdowelearnfromthecurrentstatisticsaboutdiversityinlargecorporations?【答案】B【解析】原文[19]:當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)顯示,美國(guó)經(jīng)理一職仍由白人男性擔(dān)任。顯而易見(jiàn),多樣性愿景仍未在商界實(shí)現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)B)Theyhavenotseenasmuchdiversityasdesired準(zhǔn)確轉(zhuǎn)述原文信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。20.Whatisthenewlypublishedstudyfocusedon?【答案】C【解析】原文[20]:巴塞爾大學(xué)的一支研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)表了最新成果,研究人們對(duì)職場(chǎng)多樣性的態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)C)People’sattitudestowarddiversityattheworkplace復(fù)現(xiàn)原文關(guān)鍵信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。21.Whatdothefindingsofthenewstudyshow?【答案】A【解析】原文[21]:涉及自身工作團(tuán)隊(duì)時(shí),人們更傾向于與自己近似的隊(duì)友。選項(xiàng)A)Peopleprefertoworkwithteammemberssimilartothemselves復(fù)現(xiàn)原文關(guān)鍵信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。PassageThreeCommunicationcanessentiallybedividedintotwocategories:thewrittenandthespoken.Howthebalanceisstruckbetweenthesetwoformsofcommunication—thepointatwhichoneneedstobeexchangedforanother—reallydependsonindividualcultures.[22]Understandingwhenit’sappropriatetoexchangeoneformforanothercanbeamajorkeytosuccessininternationalbusiness.ManyculturesplaceamuchgreatervalueonthespokenwordthantheAmericanworkingculturedoes.[23]InpartsoftheMiddleEast,you’llfindspokenwordagreementsareseenasseriouslybinding.Aperson’swordislinkedtotheirhonor.Soverbalagreementsareseenasimportant,whereaswrittencontractsaretakenasmemosofunderstanding.[24]Westernworkingculturetendstoplaceahighvalueonthewrittenword,andthisreachesitshighestlevelofintensitywhenitcomestocontracts.IntheUS,FranceandGermany,writtencontractstendtobeseenassomethingthatmustbestrictlycarriedout.Bycontrast,otherculturesmaynotseewrittencontractsasquitesobinding.ItcanproveachallengetoWesternbusinessesifyourbusinesspartnerwantstorenegotiatetermsthatyouthoughtwerealreadyagreedon.[25]Forexample,aJapanesefirmmayhavesignedacontract,buttheymaynotfeelboundbyeverydetailofit,particularlyifcircumstanceslaterchange.Suchdifferencesinvaluethatdifferentworkingculturesplaceonthewrittenwordtendtocausemanyproblemswhenitcomestobusinessrelationships.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.Whatisamajorkeytosuccessininternationalbusinessaccordingtothepassage?【答案】D【解析】原文[22]:了解兩種模式何時(shí)適合轉(zhuǎn)換,是國(guó)際商務(wù)成功的關(guān)鍵。選項(xiàng)D)Usingdifferentformsofcommunicationappropriately準(zhǔn)確轉(zhuǎn)述原文信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。23.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutspokenwordagreementsinsomeMiddleEastcountries?【答案】A【解析】原文[23]:在中東的部分地方,口頭協(xié)議同樣具有約束力。選項(xiàng)A)Theyareregardedasseriouslybinding準(zhǔn)確轉(zhuǎn)述原文信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。24.WhatdowelearnabouttheWesternworkingculture?【答案】B【解析】原文[24]:西方職場(chǎng)文化高度重視書(shū)面文字,在合同協(xié)議上體現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。選項(xiàng)B)Itplacesahighvalueonwrittencontracts準(zhǔn)確轉(zhuǎn)述原文信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。25.HowdoesaJapanesefirmtendtoviewawrittencontract?【答案】D【解析】原文[25]:比如,日本公司可能簽署了合同,但未必恪守每項(xiàng)條款,尤其后期情況發(fā)生變化的時(shí)候。選項(xiàng)D)Itstermsmaynotbestrictlybinding準(zhǔn)確轉(zhuǎn)述原文信息,所以為正確選項(xiàng)。PartIIIReadingComprehension SectionA【全文翻譯】你也許會(huì)把牙齒視為工具,如同內(nèi)置的刀叉一樣。但牙齒如果僅僅是工具的話,你為什么會(huì)感到牙疼呢?倘若牙齒能在任何情況下輕松咀嚼不是更好嗎?雖然我們會(huì)牙痛,然而事實(shí)表明,牙齒如此敏感有充分的理由。牙痛是一種防御機(jī)制,確保當(dāng)牙齒受損時(shí),我們能夠及時(shí)察覺(jué)并采取行動(dòng)。當(dāng)你食用過(guò)燙或過(guò)冷的食物,或者牙齒磨損到足以暴露出牙齒下面的組織時(shí),這些都會(huì)引起牙痛,而這種疼痛則使人不敢再使用那顆牙齒,這樣可以對(duì)牙齒起到一點(diǎn)保護(hù)作用。所以牙痛確實(shí)是一種保護(hù)機(jī)制,僅此而已。假如牙齒感覺(jué)不到疼痛,我們或許會(huì)在牙齒損傷的情況下繼續(xù)使用。于人類而言,損壞成熟的牙齒是個(gè)麻煩,因?yàn)槲覀儾荒芟聍{魚(yú)那樣重新?lián)Q牙。牙齒有三層,只有最里面的一層才會(huì)疼,因?yàn)檫@一層牙齒包含血管及神經(jīng)。疼痛是這層神經(jīng)能做出的唯一感覺(jué)回應(yīng)。例如,牙齒敏感的人可能會(huì)埋怨冷熱引起的牙痛,但是內(nèi)層的神經(jīng)感知不到溫度。與此相反的是,他們能感知到疼痛,可能與喝一些極其冷的東西相關(guān)。【詞性分析】名詞A)adult成年人;C)chew咀嚼;F)defense防御,辯護(hù);K)mammal哺乳動(dòng)物;M)swallow燕子,吞動(dòng)詞B)associated(過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞)聯(lián)系,聯(lián)想;C)chew咀嚼,嚼碎;D)contains(單三)包括,包含;E)continue繼續(xù);J)implies(單三)暗示,暗指;L)replace替換,替代;M)swallow吞,咽;N)triggered(過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞)引發(fā),觸發(fā)形容詞A)adult發(fā)育成熟的,成年的;B)associated有關(guān)聯(lián)的,聯(lián)合的;G)dental牙齒的;H)downward向下的,下降的;I)emotional感情的,情緒激動(dòng)的;O)underneath下面的,下方的副詞H)downward向下地,下行地;O)underneath在下面,在底下26【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)原文定位處wouldn’titbebetteriftheycouldjustunderanyconditions?可知,該句考察虛擬語(yǔ)氣,空格處位于if引導(dǎo)的從句中,if與could提示該句為虛擬語(yǔ)氣,因而空格處所填單詞應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞原形。結(jié)合句意,或許在任何情況下都能輕松才更好吧?故選chew(咀嚼)更合適。27【答案】G【解析】根據(jù)原文定位處Inspiteofourdiscomfort,空格處應(yīng)填名詞或形容詞來(lái)修飾discomfort。結(jié)合上下文和句意,雖然我們會(huì)痛,然而事實(shí)表明,牙齒如此敏感是有充分的理由。該空格處與牙齒有關(guān),強(qiáng)調(diào)牙齒的不舒服,因此選形容詞dental(牙齒的)更合適。28【答案】F【解析】根據(jù)原文定位處Toothpainisamechanism可知,空格處應(yīng)填名詞或形容詞來(lái)修飾mechanism。根據(jù)句意及上下文,牙痛是一種機(jī)制,確保當(dāng)牙齒受損時(shí),我們能夠及時(shí)察覺(jué)并采取行動(dòng)。因此選defense(防御)更合適。29【答案】O【解析】根據(jù)原文定位處wherethetissueisexposed可知,該句主干結(jié)構(gòu)完整,空格格位于名詞tissue后,起修飾作用。根據(jù)句意,牙齒磨損到足以暴露出組織時(shí),這些都會(huì)引起牙痛,故此,選underneath(在下方)最為合適。30【答案】E【解析】根據(jù)原文定位處wemighttousethem可知,空格處前是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞might,提示空格處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。根據(jù)句意,假如牙齒感覺(jué)不到疼痛,我們或許會(huì)在牙齒損傷的情況下使用,因此選continue(繼續(xù))更合適。31【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)原文定位處Andforhumans,damagingteethisaproblem可知,teeth是名詞,做主語(yǔ),且該句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,所以空格處可考慮修飾性詞匯,即名詞或形容詞來(lái)修飾teeth。根據(jù)句意,于人類而言,損壞牙齒是個(gè)麻煩事,故此選adult(成熟的)更合適。32【答案】L【解析】根據(jù)原文定位處unlikecrocodiles,wecan’tthem可知,空格前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can’t,提示空格處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。根據(jù)句意及關(guān)于鱷魚(yú)的常識(shí),因?yàn)槲覀儾荒芟聍{魚(yú)那樣重新牙,因此選動(dòng)詞replace(替換)更合適。33【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)原文定位處asthatlayerofthetoothbothbloodvesselsandnerves可知,在as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,且從句的主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞layer,所以空格處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞單三形式。根據(jù)句意,牙齒有三層,只有最里面的一層才會(huì)疼,因?yàn)檫@一層牙齒血管及神經(jīng),因此選動(dòng)詞單三形式contains(包含)更合適。34【答案】N【解析】根據(jù)原文定位處toothpainbyheatorcold可知,該處表被動(dòng)含義,考察過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞toothpain。根據(jù)句意,牙齒過(guò)敏的人可能會(huì)埋怨冷熱牙痛,因此選動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞triggered(引發(fā))更合適。35【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)原文定位處Rather,theyfeelpain,whichmaybewith可知,在which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be可與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)含義。根據(jù)句意,相反的是,他們能感知到疼痛,這可能也與喝一些極其冷的東西,故選動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞associated(有關(guān)聯(lián))更合適。SectionB【文章導(dǎo)讀】文章講述了如何判斷一家公司是否適合你。作者分享了個(gè)人經(jīng)歷,強(qiáng)調(diào)了公司文化對(duì)于工作滿意度的重要性,提出在面試過(guò)程中,求職者也應(yīng)評(píng)估公司是否適合自己。作者建議首先明確自己的期望和不喜歡的方面,然后通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)查、社交媒體、行業(yè)評(píng)論網(wǎng)站等途徑了解公司文化,進(jìn)而與公司現(xiàn)任或前任員工交流獲取第一手信息,并在面試時(shí)提出問(wèn)題以深入了解公司,最后要確定自己的價(jià)值觀優(yōu)先級(jí),確保潛在雇主能滿足最看重的需求??傊?,通過(guò)這些方法,可以判斷一家公司是否真正適合你?!救姆g】如何判斷一家公司是否適合你A)[39]從字面上看,這份工作對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)似乎很完美:這個(gè)職位完全符合我的學(xué)歷,職責(zé)也符合我的興趣,辦公室還有一個(gè)儲(chǔ)備充足的廚房,可以滿足我所有的零食欲望。B)聽(tīng)起來(lái)是我夢(mèng)寐以求的工作,對(duì)吧?只有一個(gè)小問(wèn)題:我與公司文化格格不入。他們喜歡更僵化、更封閉的企業(yè)氛圍,而我則偏愛(ài)協(xié)作、開(kāi)放的氛圍。他們徹頭徹尾遵守時(shí)間表,而我本來(lái)想要的是更靈活的工作時(shí)間。說(shuō)白了,就是我們無(wú)法達(dá)成共識(shí)。C)說(shuō)到找新工作,你已經(jīng)知道面試過(guò)程的很大一部分涉及公司要評(píng)估你是否適合他們的空缺職位。但是,重要的是要記住,雇主并不是唯一需要確定合適人選的人──您應(yīng)該尋找同樣的東西。[44]公司文化會(huì)對(duì)你的工作感受產(chǎn)生很大影響,所以你要確保和一個(gè)你真正感興趣的機(jī)構(gòu)簽署聘書(shū)。D)[37]然而,在你實(shí)際工作之前,要想弄清楚一家公司是什么樣子的可能會(huì)有些難。幸運(yùn)的是,在你在虛線上簽名之前,你可以做一些事情來(lái)確定一家公司是否適合你。E)首先,知道自己想要什么。當(dāng)你不知道自己在尋找什么時(shí),很難做出任何決定。[42]因此,在你確定是否與某家公司合得來(lái)之前,重要的是要清楚地知道你到底想從雇主那里得到什么。我們中的許多人更容易確定我們絕對(duì)不想要的東西。如果這些是你唯一能想到的,不要擔(dān)心!這仍然是一個(gè)很好的起點(diǎn)。F)[40]首先寫(xiě)下你不喜歡前任雇主的地方,以及你真正看重的地方。這里沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤的答案──所以無(wú)論大事小情,都寫(xiě)在你的清單上。這將幫助你立即確定你在一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)中尋找什么,以及你試圖遠(yuǎn)離的東西。G)一定要做好調(diào)查?,F(xiàn)在到了你戴上偵探帽做一點(diǎn)調(diào)查的時(shí)候了。當(dāng)你試圖在走進(jìn)公司辦公室之前熟悉公司文化時(shí),互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將是你最好的朋友。[36]你到底應(yīng)該在哪里尋找這些文化線索呢?先從最明顯的地方開(kāi)始:公司網(wǎng)站。通讀他們的文案和博客。他們使用正式、直接的語(yǔ)言嗎?還是隨意的、會(huì)話式的、甚至可能有點(diǎn)幽默的語(yǔ)言?這可能是該公司試圖營(yíng)造何種氛圍的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)。H)接下來(lái),將你的注意力轉(zhuǎn)向他們的社交媒體。他們?cè)诜窒硭麄儓F(tuán)隊(duì)周四下午燒烤或萬(wàn)圣節(jié)服裝比賽的照片嗎?或者他們的社交媒體帳戶是否嚴(yán)格保留用于與公司相關(guān)的公告和產(chǎn)品發(fā)布?I)行業(yè)評(píng)論網(wǎng)站是另一個(gè)可以查看的地方,這樣可以找到一些關(guān)于一家公司你想了解的內(nèi)幕信息。[43]然而,記住要對(duì)你讀到的評(píng)論持保留態(tài)度——因?yàn)槠渲性S多評(píng)論都是在公司中受冷落的員工寫(xiě)的。J)最后,在人際關(guān)系方面,你永遠(yuǎn)不能忽視。[45]通過(guò)電子郵件向公司現(xiàn)任或前任員工發(fā)送一條簡(jiǎn)短的消息,詢問(wèn)他們是否愿意與你就公司的總體情況進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)短的交談。如果你的聊天請(qǐng)求得到了同意,你將在面試前獲得一些非常重要的有用信息!K)通過(guò)提問(wèn)了解更多信息。[41]你知道,在面試結(jié)束時(shí)招聘經(jīng)理往往會(huì)問(wèn)你是否有任何問(wèn)題,而你那時(shí)只是張著嘴茫然地盯著桌子嗎?這可是一個(gè)絕佳的機(jī)會(huì),讓你暢所欲言,讓你迫切想了解的公司文化問(wèn)題得到解答!所以,是的,你絕對(duì)可以問(wèn)你的面試官在那家公司工作怎么樣。問(wèn)一些簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題。比如,“你會(huì)用哪三個(gè)詞來(lái)描述這里的文化?”或者“在這家公司工作,你最喜歡的是什么?”這些問(wèn)題都可以揭示很多不為人知的真實(shí)情況。L)確定你價(jià)值觀的優(yōu)先順序。我夢(mèng)想中的公司文化是什么樣的?嗯,只要我能完成工作,我就可以來(lái)去自由。我的老板會(huì)真誠(chéng)地傾聽(tīng)并重視我所有的想法和建議。我的同事之間會(huì)很友好,不會(huì)陷入辦公室八卦的陷阱。廚房里會(huì)有無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的披薩和餅干可供選擇。哦,他們會(huì)給我兩個(gè)月的帶薪假期,薪水還很高。M)我在一個(gè)雇主那里找到所有這些東西的機(jī)會(huì)有多大?幾乎沒(méi)有──相信我,我已經(jīng)找過(guò)了。這就是為什么知道你最看重公司文化的哪些方面是如此重要。是開(kāi)放的溝通方式還是靈活的作息時(shí)間?關(guān)注你最優(yōu)先考慮的事情,確保潛在雇主至少勾選了這些選項(xiàng)。[38]不幸的是,這是現(xiàn)實(shí),你不可能擁有你想要的一切,但有幾個(gè)肯定是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。N)當(dāng)你在尋找新工作時(shí),你已經(jīng)知道雇主正試圖決定你是否適合這個(gè)職位,但你也應(yīng)該通過(guò)類似的視角來(lái)看待這個(gè)過(guò)程。你可能不是真正進(jìn)行面試的那個(gè)人,但你仍然在努力確定這家公司是否適合你。O)記住這些建議,就能判斷你和潛在雇主是完美的搭檔還是冤家。畢竟,在實(shí)際接受一份工作之前知道這一點(diǎn)是件好事。36.Cluesaboutthecultureofacompanycanbefoundonitswebsite.關(guān)于公司文化的線索可以在公司網(wǎng)站上找到?!径ㄎ弧扛鶕?jù)題目中的cluesaboutthecultureofacompany和website定位到[G]段?!窘馕觥縖G]段第四句指出,要尋找公司文化線索,應(yīng)先從最明顯的地方開(kāi)始:公司網(wǎng)站。本題目對(duì)該句進(jìn)行了歸納。本題目中的found與文中的lookfor對(duì)應(yīng)。37.Itcanbedifficulttoknowtherealsituationinacompanyuntilyoubecomepartofit. 在你成為一家公司的一員之前,你很難了解它的真實(shí)情況?!径ㄎ弧扛鶕?jù)題目中的difficult、therealsituation和becomepartofit定位到[D]段?!窘馕觥縖D]段第一句提到,在你實(shí)際工作之前,想弄清楚一家公司是什么樣子的可能會(huì)有些難。本題目對(duì)該句進(jìn)行了同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題目中的difficult與文中的abitchallenge對(duì)應(yīng);know與figuringout對(duì)應(yīng);therealsituationinacompany與whatacompanyislike對(duì)應(yīng);becomepartofit與actuallyworkthere對(duì)應(yīng)。38.Itisimpossibleforajobapplicanttohaveeveryexpectationmet.求職者所有的期望不可能都得到滿足?!径ㄎ弧扛鶕?jù)題目中的impossible和haveeveryexpectationmet定位到[M]段?!窘馕觥縖M]段最后一句指出,不幸的是,這是現(xiàn)實(shí),你不可能擁有你想要的一切,但有幾個(gè)肯定是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。意思是說(shuō),事實(shí)上,求職者的所有期望中只有一部分能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。本題目對(duì)該句進(jìn)行了歸納和同義轉(zhuǎn)述。本題目中的impossible與文中的can’t對(duì)應(yīng);everyexpectation與everythingyouwant對(duì)應(yīng);met與achievable對(duì)應(yīng)。39.Simplybyreadingitsdescription,theauthorfoundthejobofferedideal.僅僅通過(guò)閱讀工作描述,作者就發(fā)現(xiàn)這份工作很理想。【定位】根據(jù)題目中的readingitsdescription和ideal定位到[A]段?!窘馕觥縖A]段第一句指出,從字面上看,這份工作對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)似乎很完美。本題目對(duì)該句進(jìn)行了同義轉(zhuǎn)述。本題目中的readingitsdescription與文中的onpaper對(duì)應(yīng);ideal與perfect對(duì)應(yīng)。40.Jobapplicantsareadvisedtomakeawrittenlistoftheirlikesanddislikesintheirpreviousemployment.求職者被建議將他們?cè)谝郧肮ぷ髦械暮脨簩?xiě)成一份書(shū)面清單?!径ㄎ弧扛鶕?jù)題目中的writtenlist,likesanddislikes和previousemployment定位到[F]段。【解析】[F]段第一至二句指出,首先寫(xiě)下你不喜歡前任雇主的地方,以及你真正看重的地方。不論大事小情,都寫(xiě)在你的清單上。本題目對(duì)這兩句進(jìn)行了歸納和同義轉(zhuǎn)述。本題目中的likes與文中的valued對(duì)應(yīng);dislikes與didn’tlike對(duì)應(yīng);previousemployment與previousemployer對(duì)應(yīng)。41.Attheendofaninterview,ajobapplicantshouldseizetheopportunitytogetanswerstotheirurgentquestions.在面試結(jié)束時(shí),求職者應(yīng)該抓住機(jī)會(huì)獲得他們迫切想了解的問(wèn)題的答案。【定位】根據(jù)題目中的attheendofaninterview、opportunity和getanswers定位到[K]段?!窘馕觥縖K]段第二至三句指出,在面試結(jié)束時(shí),招聘經(jīng)理問(wèn)你是否有任何問(wèn)題時(shí),要抓住這個(gè)絕佳的機(jī)會(huì)暢所欲言,讓你迫切想了解的公司文化問(wèn)題得到解答。本題目對(duì)這兩句內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了歸納和同義轉(zhuǎn)述。本題目中的seizetheopportunity與文中的perfectopportunity對(duì)應(yīng);urgentquestions與burning...questions對(duì)應(yīng)。42.Tobeginwith,jobapplicantsshouldbeclearaboutwhattheyexpectfromtheirfutureemployer.首先,求職者應(yīng)該清楚他們對(duì)未來(lái)雇主的期望。【定位】根據(jù)題目中的clear、expect和employer定位到[E]段?!窘馕觥縖E]段第三句指出,在你確定是否與某家公司合得來(lái)之前,重要的是要清楚地知道你到底想從雇主那里得到什么。本題目對(duì)該句進(jìn)行了歸納和同義轉(zhuǎn)述。本題目中的beclearabout與文中的haveasolidhandleon對(duì)應(yīng);expect與want對(duì)應(yīng)。43.Jobapplicantsshouldreadwithacriticaleyewhatiswrittenaboutacompanyonthewebsite.求職者應(yīng)該用批判的眼光來(lái)閱讀網(wǎng)站上關(guān)于公司的描述?!径ㄎ弧扛鶕?jù)題目中的readwithacriticaleye定位到[I]段?!窘馕觥縖I]段第二句指出,在閱讀行業(yè)評(píng)論網(wǎng)站上有關(guān)公司的評(píng)論時(shí)要持保留態(tài)度,因?yàn)槠渲性S多評(píng)論都是在公司中受冷落的員工寫(xiě)的。本題目對(duì)該句進(jìn)行了同義轉(zhuǎn)述。本題目中的readwithacriticaleye與文中的take...withagrainofsalt對(duì)應(yīng)。Take...withagrainofsalt意為“(因某人不總是說(shuō)實(shí)話而)對(duì)某事半信半疑,有保留地相信某事”。44.Jobsatisfactionhasalottodowithcompanyculture.工作滿意度與公司文化有很大關(guān)系?!径ㄎ弧扛鶕?jù)題目中的jobsatisfaction和companyculture定位到[C]段?!窘馕觥縖C]段最后一句指出,公司文化會(huì)對(duì)你的工作感受產(chǎn)生很大影響,所以你要確保和一個(gè)你真正感興趣的機(jī)構(gòu)簽署聘書(shū)。本題目對(duì)該句進(jìn)行了同義轉(zhuǎn)述。本題目中的jobsatisfaction與文中的howyoufeelaboutyourwork對(duì)應(yīng);hasalottodowith與haveabigimpacton對(duì)應(yīng)。45.Achatwithaninsiderofacompanycangivejobapplicantsveryusefulinformationwhentheyprepareforaninterview.求職者準(zhǔn)備面試時(shí),與公司內(nèi)部人士聊天可以給他們提供非常有用的信息?!径ㄎ弧扛鶕?jù)題目中的achat、insiderofacompany和veryusefulinformation定位到[J]段。【解析】[J]段第二至三句指出,通過(guò)聯(lián)系公司現(xiàn)任或前任員工了解公司總體情況,有助于你在面試前獲得一些非常重要的信息。本題目對(duì)這兩句內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了歸納和同義轉(zhuǎn)述。本題目中的chat與文中的conversation對(duì)應(yīng);aninsiderofacompany與acurrentorpreviouscompanyemployee對(duì)應(yīng);veryuseful與prettypowerfulandhelpful對(duì)應(yīng)。SectionCPassageOne【文章導(dǎo)讀】近些年來(lái),在線課程逐漸流行起來(lái),很多學(xué)生都開(kāi)始接觸在線課程,但需要注意的是,在線課程有利有弊,其教學(xué)效果也一度受到了大家的懷疑。因此,在線課程需要進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化?!救姆g】近幾十年前,在線課程開(kāi)始變得流行起來(lái)。這些課程被宣傳為成年人完成教育、學(xué)生以自己的節(jié)奏學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)的方式。對(duì)于那些事務(wù)繁忙的人而言,在線課程更加適合。但是,在我上個(gè)秋季學(xué)期參加了在線課程之后,我逐漸意識(shí)到在線課程只是一種滿足課程要求的方式。首先,學(xué)生缺乏學(xué)習(xí)的意愿,他們只是簡(jiǎn)單地為了拿到一個(gè)及格等級(jí)的學(xué)分完成作業(yè),而非真正地消化課程材料。由于在線課程人數(shù)一般會(huì)超過(guò)100人,所以大多數(shù)作業(yè)都很簡(jiǎn)短。[47]這些作業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)初衷不是為了讓學(xué)生與課程材料深度互動(dòng),而是出于學(xué)生多評(píng)閱容易的考慮?;蛟S參與在線課程最大的缺點(diǎn)在于師生之間面對(duì)面交流的缺失。直播課程不僅少而且還經(jīng)常安排在學(xué)生們不得不參與其他課程或工作時(shí)段。教授們的答疑時(shí)間可能也安排在許多學(xué)生不太方便的時(shí)段。與教授的許多互動(dòng)也只能通過(guò)電子郵件進(jìn)行,往往缺乏人情味兒。這樣一來(lái)
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