專題19 9BU3-牛津譯林版初中英語第二學期單元知識點囊括及易錯題分析（江蘇專用）

專題199BU3-牛津譯林版初中英語第二學期單元知識點囊括及易錯題分析單元話題RobotsReading重點詞匯、詞組和句型Grammar簡單句和復雜句之間的轉換（一）知識點囊括知識點囊括一、重點詞組、句型complainvi.抱怨，投訴，發(fā)牢騷complaintosb向某人抱怨Ihavetocomplaintothemanageraboutit.對這件事我不得不向經理申訴。complainabout/ofsth抱怨某事Theynevercomplainedaboutworkingovertime.他們對加班加點從來不抱怨。complaint投訴，埋怨MrGreeniswritingacomplaintletter.haveproblems有問題haveproblems/difficulty/trouble(in)doingsth做某事有困難E.gIdidn’thaveanyproblemsfindingtheblem的常用搭配noproblem“沒問題”【辨析】question/problemsound系動詞，意為“聽起來”Themusicsoundsgood.名詞，意為“聲音”Thesoundofmusicmadeherhappy.inanyway在任何方面insomeways在某些方面intheway擋路inthisway用這種方式onone’swayto去...的路上bytheway順便說一下5、代詞it,

one,

thatit和that都替代“the+單數(shù)名詞(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))”，都是特指，都可替代可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，但it指前面提到的“同一”事物；而that是指前面提到的“同類”事物。如：

My

father

bought

me

a

pen

and

I

like

it

very

much.

我父親給我買了一支鋼筆，我非常喜歡它。(it替代the

pen，指前面提到的父親給我買的那支鋼筆)

This

dictionary

is

more

useful

than

that

(=the

one)I

bought

yesterday.

這本詞典比我昨天買的更有用。(that替代the

dictionary，與前面的this

dictionary是同類)

one替代“a＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”，表示泛指；其復數(shù)形式ones替代泛指的復數(shù)名詞。特指的the

one相當于that，替代“the+單數(shù)名詞”如：

Radios

are

useful

for

me

to

learn

English.

I’d

like

to

buy

one

.收音機對我學英語很有用，我想買一臺。(one替代a

radio，是泛指收音機這類東西中的一臺)

The

population

of

Scotland

was

eight

times

as

large

as

that

of

Cornwall.

蘇格蘭的人口是康沃爾人口的八倍。(that替代不可數(shù)名詞the

population，不能用theone）busyadj.忙碌的【固定搭配】bebusywithsth忙于某事Iwasbusywithmychildren.我忙于照顧孩子。

2）bebusydoingsth忙于做某事Heisbusydoinghishomework.他正忙著做家庭作業(yè)。sothat

1）引導目的狀語從句時，表示“以便；為了”，從句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情態(tài)動詞或助動詞如：Theygotupearlysothattheycouldcatchtheearlybus.引導結果狀語從句時，從句中一般不用can和may等詞，在sothat前可以用逗號，意思是“因此;所以”。如：ThelittleboysavedeverycoinsothathecouldbuyhismotherapresentonMother'sday.

【拓展】so...that..

so＋形容詞或副詞＋that...引導結果狀語從句。意思是“如此……以致于……”。如：WhenthefootballfanssawBeckham,theygotsoexcitedthattheycriedout.tidyup收拾妥，整理好tidyadj.整潔的，整齊的vt.收拾；整理Youshouldkeepyourroomtidy.Theytidiedthehousejustnow.Hebegantotidyuphisdeskandfinishofftheweek’swork.untidyadj.不整潔的anuntidydesk9、seemv.似乎，好像1）seem+adj.Sheseems(tobe)sad.2）seem+todosth感到好像...覺得似乎...Iseemtohaveacold.3）Itseems+that從句Itseemsthatitwillbeastormsoon.Itseemsasif...仿佛...asif從句所表示的情況大多數(shù)是不真實的Itseemsasifshewereinadream.10、little/alittle/few/afew1）1）few,afew用于可數(shù)名詞，2）little,alittle用于不可數(shù)名詞。3）afew,alittle表示肯定意思：有一些，有一點4）few,little表示否定意思：沒有一些，沒有一點如：HehasafewfriendsinBeijing.他有朋友Thereisalittleteaintheglass.杯里有茶HehasfewfriendsinBeijing.沒有朋友Thereislittleteaintheglass.沒有茶11、sometime/sometime/sometimes/sometimes1)sometimes的意思是“有時”，是副詞。例如：

Sometimeshecomesbybikeandsometimesbybus.他有時騎車來，有時乘公共汽車來。

2）sometime也是副詞，意思是“在某個時候”?？捎糜谝话氵^去時與將來時。例如：

YoucanhandinyourhomeworksometimebeforeFriday.你可以在周五前某個時候交作業(yè)。

3）sometime是名詞短語，它的意思是“一段時間”。例如：

I'llbeawayforsometime.我將離開一段時間。

4）sometimes也是一個名詞短語，time在這里用作可數(shù)名詞，意思是“次數(shù)”。

sometimes的意思是“幾次”。例如：

IhavebeentotheGreatWallsometimes.我去過長城幾次。12、nolonger/nomore1）nolonger中的longer是副詞long的比較級，long有afteracertainpointoftime（在某一時刻以后）之意，著重表示時間的不再延續(xù)，意為"如今不再"。nolonger等于not...anylonger。

2）nomore中的more是many/much的比較級，more有again之意，著重表示數(shù)量或程度的減少，意為"再也沒有更多（大）的數(shù)量（程度）"。nomore等于not...anymore。

3）nolonger修飾延續(xù)性動詞，如teach,live,work等，表示動作不再延續(xù)；nomore修飾非延續(xù)性動詞，如come,go,make(thesamemistake)等，表示動作不再次發(fā)生。13、considerv.認為，考慮n.consideration1）consider...as把...看做常用被動結構beconsideredas...“被認為/看做”consider...tobe把...看做Theawardisconsideredtobeagreathonor.Considerdoingsth考慮做某事differencen.差別，差異Canyouseeanydifferencesbetweenthesetwopictures？【固定搭配】makeadifference有影響，起（重要）作用Itmakesadifferencewhichyouchoose.bedifferentfrom與...不同Mycoatisdifferentfromhis.15、TherobotmadeMrJiang’slifemucheasier.修飾比較級的詞的用法只用于修飾比較級：much，still，even既可修飾比較級又可修飾原級：alittle,abit,rather等表示前者在某方面遠遠超過對方時，通常采用far,byfar,alot等在否定句、疑問句、或條件狀語從句中，修飾形容詞、副詞的比較級，只能用any16、...,therobotwoulddoallthehousework.此句中的woulddo為過去將來時過去將來時表示在過去某一時間將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時的其他表達方法還有was/weregoingto+動詞原形Theteacheraskedyouwhenyouwouldfinishyourhomework.HenewthatIwasgoingtocome.17、...,hisflatwouldasgoodasnew,andadeliciousdinnerwouldbereadyforhim.asgoodas表示“與...一樣好”，可視為as...as與good的自然搭配；若用作習語，則表示幾乎，無異于如：Thematterisasgoodassettled.這件事等于解決了。Readyadj.有準備的常用結構bereadyforsth為某事做好準備bereadytodosth準備好做某事Getreadyforsth/todosth為（做）某事做好準備如：Everythingisreadyfortheparty.I’mreadytogo.18、Myrobotwillremindyoutotakethemattherighttime.remind用法歸納提醒remindsbtodosthremindsbof/aboutsth如：Pleaseremindmetocallhimback.Thephotoremindsmeofmychildhood.二、語法Grammar一、賓語從句改為簡單句的方法1、賓語從句可改為動詞不定式

當句子的謂語動詞是hope,

decide,

wish,

choose,

agree,

promise（答應，許諾）等，其后由that引導賓語從句，并且從句的主語與主句的主語相同時，賓語從句可簡化為動詞不定式結構。如：

.

I

hope

that

I

will

go

to

college

one

day.

轉換為：I

hope

to

go

to

college

one

day.

我希望有一天能上大學。

(2).

They

agreed

that

they

would

help

me

with

my

maths.

轉換為：They

agreed

to

help

me

with

my

maths

他們同意幫助我（學習）數(shù)學。.

2、

當句子的謂語動詞是know,

learn,

remember,

forget,

tell等詞，后面接由疑問代詞what，或接由how,

where,

when,

why等疑問副詞引導的賓語從句，并且主句的主語與從句的主語一致時，可將賓語從句轉化為“疑問詞+不定式”結構。如：

(1).

Kate

didn’t

know

what

she

should

do.

轉換為：Kate

did’t

know

what

to

do.

凱特不知道該做什么。

(2).

I

have

forgotten

how

I

can

use

this

word.

轉換為：I

have

forgotten

how

to

use

this

word.

我忘了怎么樣用這個詞。

3、當主句的謂語動詞是ask,

show,

tell,

teach等，后跟雙賓語，并且從句的主語和間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可轉化為“疑問詞+不定式”。如：

(1).

Could

you

tell

me

how

I

can

get

to

the

park?

轉換為：Could

you

tell

me

how

to

get

to

the

park?

你能告訴我怎樣去公園嗎？

.

Please

tell

me

where

I

can

find

him.

轉換為：Please

tell

me

where

to

find

him.

請告訴我在哪里能找到他。4、賓語從句可轉化為“it

+形容詞作賓補+不定式短語”結構。如：

(1).

I

think

that

it

is

impossible

to

finish

the

work

today.(that可省略)

轉換為：I

think

it

impossible

to

finish

the

work

today.

我認為今天是不可能完成這項工作的。

(2).

I

found

that

it

is

important

to

learn

English.

(that可省略)

轉換為：I

found

it

important

to

learn

English.

我發(fā)現(xiàn)學習英語很重要。

5、講賓語從句轉化為“名詞或動名詞短語”。如：

(1).

I

will

take

back

what

I

said.

轉換為：I

will

take

back

my

words.

我將收回我所說的話。

.

Can

you

tell

me

how

I

can

get

to

the

station?

轉換為：Can

you

tell

me

the

way

to

the

station?

二、狀語從句改為簡單句的方法1、用“too…to…”結構可以將含有so…that引導的結果語從句(否定)的復合句轉成簡單句。如：1）Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tlookafterhimself.→Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.2）ThequestionissodifficultthatIcan’tanswerit.→Thequestionistoodifficultformetoanswer.2、用“…enough+不定式”結構可以將含有so…that…引導的結果狀語從句（肯定）的復合句轉變?yōu)楹唵尉洹＠纾?）Thegirlissotallthatshecanreachtheapplesonthetree.→Thegirlistallenoughtoreachtheapplesonthetree.2）Thishallissolargethatitcanhold2000people.→Thishallislargeenoughtohold2000people.3）Thetablewassolightthatthelittleboycancarryit.→Thetablewaslightenoughforthelittleboytocarry.3、用“inorder+不定式”或“soas+不定式”結構可以將含有sothat引導的目的狀語從句的復合句轉換為簡單句。如：1）Shedecidedtobuyacameraonlinesothatshecouldreceiveitsoon.→Shedecidedtobuyacameraonlineinordertoreceiveitsoon.→Shedecidedtobuyacameraonlinesoastoreceiveitsoon.IwentovermycompositionagainandagainsothatIcouldn’tmakeanymistakes.→Iwentovermycompositionagainandagaininordernottomakeanymistakes.→Iwentovermycompositionagainandagainsoasnottomakeanymistakes.4、由because引導的原因狀語從句可以改為becauseof構成的介詞短語Hecan’tcomebecauseheisill.他因病不能來?！鶫ecan’tcomebecauseofhisillness.他因病不能來。由when、after、before引導的時間狀語從句可以用合適的動名詞或介詞短語來代替。Turnoffthelightbeforeyouleave.離開前請關燈。→Turnoffthelightbeforeleaving.離開前請關燈。Hewenthomeafterhefinishedhiswork.他做完工作后就回家了?！鶫ewenthomeafterfinishinghiswork.他做完工作后就回家了。三、詞組歸納1.complainaboutsthtosb.2.exploreouterspace3.ironhisbusinesssuitsmoothly4.atwork5.returnhomefromwork6.lookasgoodasnew7.tidyup

8.gowrong9.makestupidmistakes10.spreadhisprivatepapers11.storemilkintherubbishbin12.knockthingsover13.intheend

14.causealotofproblems15.laymyfoodonthebed16.goonabusinesstrip17.haveaseriousheartproblem18.takemedicineeveryday19.haveapoormemory20.takeyourpills21.remindyoutotakethem22.goupanddownthestairs23.haveitchecked24.firstofall25.atmost四、句型歸納1.Theycoulddowhateverthey’reaskedto.(37)2.Heisalwaystoobusytohaveanytimetorelax.(38)3.IhavetobuyarobotsothatIcanhavemorefreetime.(38)4.ItseemedthatingeneraltherobotsatisfiedMrJiang’sneeds.(39)5.

Therobotcaughtavirusandnolongerworkedproperly.(39)6.Hewouldfindhisflatinacompletemess.(39)7.Iconsidertherobotagreathelpinmydailylife.(42)8.MrJiangdidnotknowwhattodowiththerobot.(43)9.Iwastooforgetfultolockthedoorlastnight.(44)10.TherobotwaskindenoughtobuymeeverythingIneeded.(44)11.PleaseholdandI’llputyouthrough.(46)12.However,Iamnotsatisfiedwithitatall.(48)13.Thequalityofthisrobotisnotuptostandardeither.(48)14.Agoodrobotshouldonlyneedcheckingeverysixmonths.(48)15.Iregrethavingboughtarobotlikethis.(48)16.Welookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.(49)易錯題分析易錯題分析語法部分：單項選擇1.Thereissomethingwrongwithmynewradio.I’llittotheradioshop.A.explainB.findoutC.complainaboutD.lookafter【答案】C2.—Whereareyougoing,Linda?—I’mgoingtothepostofficetomysister,wholivesinNanjing.A.postalettertoB.takecareofC.dowithD.playwith【答案】A3.—Whydoyoulooksotired?—YourroomwasandIcleaneditallthemorning.A.insizeB.outofwayC.inamessD.incolour【答案】C4.Sheiskindandhelpfulandoftendoesshecantohelpme.A.whenB.howC.whereD.whatever【答案】D5.—YesterdayIboughtarobot,whichcouldhelpmetocleanthefloor.—Really?That’sgreat.I’llbuy.A.oneB.itC.thisD.that【答案】A6.Iboughtsomefruitvegetables.A.andalsoB.aswellC.aswellasD.butalso【答案】C7.Hefailedagainandagain.Butthroughhishardwork,hesucceeded.A.firstofallB.atthebeginningC.intheendD.inashorttime【答案】C8.—Idon’twanttocooktoday.—Let’sapizzafromtherestaurant.A.orderB.cookC.giveD.ask【答案】A9.Tom,putonthissuit.Iitsmoothly.A.ironedB.ironC.haveironedD.williron【答案】C10.Acaraccidenthappenedthere.Anoldwoman.Butthecardroveaway.A.knockedoverB.wasknockedoverC.knocksoverD.isknockedover【答案】B11.WhenIcamein,Isawherthepiano.A.playB.playingC.playedD.toplay【答案】B12.ThedogIsawjustnowisMike’s.A.whoB.thatC.whenD.where【答案】B13.Hischildrenworkfarawayfromhere,andhehasnobodytotalktoalldaylong,soheoftenfeels.A.happyB.lazyC.tiredD.lonely【答案】D14.—DoyouknowtogotoMountTaibytrainwiththem?—At7tomorrowmorning.A.whereB.howC.whyD.when【答案】D15.Couldyoutellmewiththisbrokenrobot?A.whatIcandoB.whatcanIdoC.IcandowhatD.canIdowhat【答案】A詞匯句型部分：一、根據句子意思，用括號中所給單詞的適當形式填空。46.Mybikeisahome___________(production).47.—Ishecomingtomorrow?—I’m___________(sure),butyoucanaskhimself.48.Itmakeseverythingelsegomore___________(smooth).49.Theydidnot___________(proper)considerwhatwouldhappennext.50.Thismachinewas___________(complete)outofcontrol.51.You___________(fine)bythepoliceifyoubreakthetrafficrules.52._____(limit)thenumberofcarsisausefulwaytoreduceairpollution.53.Jack___________(dig)aholeinthegardenwhenIwenttoseehim.54.Howoften___________theOlympicGames___________(take)place?55.Doyouknowhowmuchpaper___________(waste)lastyear?【答案】46.product48.smoothly49.properly50.completely51.willbefined52.Limiting53.wasdigging54.(1).does;(2).take55.waswasted二、單詞拼寫1.Stampsareusedfor____________(寄信)theletter.2.____________(不管什么)youdo,don’tmissthischance.3.Ithink____________(探索)undertheseamustbeverydangerous.4.Allthe____________（私人的）thingsshouldbekeptinthelockerbeforeenteringthisroom.5.Thiskindofcomputervirus____________(傳播