2024年考研英語（二）真題及解析完整版

2024年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(二)SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Yoursociallifeisdefinedas'theactivitiesyoudowithotherpeople,forpleasure,whenyouarenotworking'.It'simportanttohaveasociallife,butwhat'srightforonepersonwon'tberightforanother.Someofusfeelenergisedbyspendinglotsoftimewithothers,someofusmayfeeldrained,evenifit'sdoingsomethingweenjoyThisiswhyfindinga2inyoursociallifeiskey.Spendingtoomuchtimeonyourown,not3others,canmakeyoufeellonelyand4.Lonelinessisknowntoimpactonyourmentalhealthand5alowmood.Anyonecanfeellonelyatanytime.Thismightbeespeciallytrueif,6youareworkingfromhomeandyouare7onthesocialconversationsthathappeninanoffice.Otherlifechangesalso8periodsoflonelinesstoo,suchasretirement,changingjobsorbecomingaparent.It'simportanttorecognisethesefeelingsofloneliness.Therearewaysto9asociallife.Butitbeoverwhelming10.It'sagreatideatostartbythinkingabouthobbiesyouenjoy.Youcanthenfindgroupsandactivitiesrelatedtothosewhereyouwillbeabletomeet_11people.Therearegroupsaimedatnewparents,atthosewhowantto12anewsportforthefirsttimeornetworkingeventsforthoseinthesameprofessiontomeetupand13ideas.Ontheotherhand,itis14possibletohavetoomuchofasociallife.Ifyoufeellikeyou'realwaysdoingsomethingandthereisneverany15inyourcalendarfordowntime,youcouldsuffersocialbumoutorsocial6.Weallhaveourownsociallimitandit'simportanttorecognisewhenyou'refeelinglikeit'salltoomuch.Lowmood,lowenergy,irritabilityandtroublesleepingcouldallbe17ofpoorsocialhealth.Makesureyou18_sometimeinyourdiarywhenyou're19forsocialisingandusethistimetorelax,20andrecover.1.[A]because[B]unless[C]whereas[D]until2.[A]contrast[B]balance[C]linkD]gap3.[A]seeing[B]pleasing[C]judging[D]teaching4.[A]misguided[B]surprised[C]spoiled[D]disconnected5.[A]contributeto[B]relyon[C]interferewith[D]goagainst6.[A]infact[B]ofcourse[C]forexample[D]onaverage7.[A]cuttingback[B]missingout[C]breakingin[D]lookingout8.[A]shorten[B]trigger[C]followD]interrup9.[A]assess[B]interpret[C]provide[D]regain10.[A]atfirst[B]inturn[C]ontimeD]bychance11.[A]far-sighted[B]strong-willed[C]kind-hearted[D]like-minded12.[A]try[B]promote[C]watch[D]describe13.[A]test[B]share[C]accept[D]revise14.[A]already[B]thus[C]alsoD]only15.[A]visit[B]order[C]space[D]boundary16.[A]fatigue[B]criticism[C]injustice[D]dilemma17.[A]sources[B]standards[C]signs[D]scores18.[A]takeover[B]wipeoff[C]addup[D]markout19.[A]ungrateful[B]unavailable[C]responsible[D]regretful20.[A]react[B]repeat[C]return[D]restSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1AngeroverAI'sroleinexacerbatinginequalitycouldendangerthetechnology'sfuture.InhernewbookCogsandMonsters:WhatEconomicsIs,andWhatItShouldBe,DianeCoyle,aneconomistatCambridgeUniversity,arguesthatthedigitaleconomyrequiresnewwaysofthinkingaboutprogress.“Whateverwemeanbytheeconomygrowing,bythingsgettingbetter,thegainswillhavetobemoreevenlysharedthanintherecentpast,"shewrites."Aneconomyoftechmillionairesorbillionairesandgigworkers,withmiddle-incomejobsundercutbyautomationwillnotbepoliticallysustainable.”Improvinglivingstandardsandincreasingprosperityformorepeoplewillrequiregreateruseofdigitaltechnologiestoboostproductivityinvarioussectors,includinghealthcareandconstruction,saysCoyle.Butpeoplecan'tbeexpectedtoembracethechangesifthey'renotseeingthebenefits—ifthey'rejustseeinggoodjobsbeingdestroyedInarecentinterviewwithMITTechnologyReview,Coylesaidshefearsthattech'sinequalityproblemcouldbearoadblocktodeployingAL.“We'retalkingaboutdisruption,”shesays.“Thesearetransfomativetechnologiesthatchangethewayswespendourtimeeveryday,thatchangebusinessmodelsthatsucceed.”Tomakesuch“tremendouschanges,”sheadds,youneedsocialbuy-in.Instead,saysCoyle,resentmentissimmeringamongmanyasthebenefitsareperceivedtogotoelitesinahandfulofprosperouscities.AcordingtotheBrookingsInstitution,ashortlistofeightAmericancitiesthatincludedSanFrancisco,SanJose,Boston,andSeattlehadroughly38%ofalltechjobsby2019.NewAItechnologiesareparticularlyconcentrated:Brookings'sMarkMuroandSifanLiuestimatethatjust15citiesaccountfortwo-thirdsoftheAIassetsandcapabilitiesintheUnitedStates(SanFranciscoandSanJosealoneaccountforaboutone-quarter).ThedominanceofafewcitiesintheinventionandcommercializationofAImeansthatgeographicaldisparitiesinwealthwillcontinuetosoar.Notonlywillthisfosterpoliticalandsocialunrest,butitcould,asCoylesuggests,holdbackthesortsofAItechnologiesneededforregionaleconomiestogrow.PartofthesolutioncouldlieinsomehowlooseningthestrangleholdthatBigTechhasondefiningtheAIagenda.Thatwilllikelytakeincreasedfederalfundingforresearchindependentofthetechgiants.MuroandothershavesuggestedheftyfederalfundingtohelpcreateUSregionalinnovationcenters,forexample.AmoreimmediateresponseistobroadenourdigitalimaginationstoconceiveofAItechnologiesthatdon'tsimplyreplacejobsbutexpandopportunitiesinthesectorsthatdifferentpartsofthecountrycaremostabout,likehealthcare,education,andmanufacturing.21.Coylearguesinhernewbookthateconomicgrowthshould[A]giverisetoinnovation[B]diversifycareerchoices[C]benefitpeopleequallyD]bepromotedforcefully22.Accordingtoparagraph2,digitaltechnologyshouldbeusefulto[A]bringaboutinstantprosperity[B]reducepeople'sworkload[C]raiseoverallworkefficiencyD]enhancecross-sectorcoopertion23.WhatdoesCoylefearabouttransformativetechnology?[A]Theymayaffectwork-lifebalance.[B]Theymaybeimpracticaltodeploy.[C]Theymayincurhugeexpenditure.D]Theymaybeunwelcometothepublic24.SeveralAmericancitiesarementionedtoshow[A]theunevendistributionofAItechnologiesintheUS[B]thedisappointingprospectoftechjobsintheUS[C]thefastprogressofUSregionaleconomies[D]theincreasingsignificanceofUSAIassets25.WithregardtoCoyleconcem,theauthorsuggests[A]raisingfundstostartnewAIprojects[B]encouragingcollaborationinAIresearch[C]guardingagainstthesideeffectsofAI[D]redefiningtheroleofAItechnologiesText2TheUKisfacingafutureconstructioncrisisbecauseofafailuretoplanttreestoproducewood,Conforhaswamed.Theforestryandwoodtradebodyhascalledforurgentactiontoreducethecountry'srelianceontimberimportsandprovideastablesupplyofwoodforfuturegenerations.Curentlyonly20percentoftheUK'swoodrequirementishome-grownwhileitremainsthesecond-largestnetimporteroftimberintheworld.ComingatatimeoffreshincentivesfromtheUKgovermmentforlandownerstogrowmoretrees,thetradebodysaysthesedon'tgofarenoughandfailtopromotethebenefitsofplantingthemtoboosttimbersupplies."Notonlyarewefacingacarboncrisisnow,butwewillalsobefacingafutureconstructioncrisisbecauseoffailuretoplanttreestoproducewood."saidStuartGoodall,chiefexecutiveofConfor."Fordecadeswehavenottakenresponsibilityforinvestinginourdomesticwoodsupply,leavingusexposedtofluctuatingpricesandfightingforfuturesuppliesofwoodasglobaldemandrisesandourownsuppliesfall."TheUKhasidealconditionsforgrowingwoodtobuildlow-carbonhomesandisagloballeaderincertifyingthatitsforestsaresustainablymanaged,Conforsays.WhilearoundthreequartersofScottishhomesarebuiltfromScottishtimber,theuseofhome-grownwoodinEnglandisonlyaround25percentWhileproductivetreeplantingcandeliverrealfinancialbenefitstoruraleconomiesandcontributetotheUK'snet-zerostrategy,thefocusofgovernmentsupportcontinuestobeonfoodproductionandtherewindingandplantingofnativewoodlandsolelyforbiodiversity.Goodalladd:“Whilefoodproductionandbiodiversityareclearlyofcriticalimportance,weneedourlandtoalsoprovidesecuresuppliesofwoodforconstruction,manufacturingandcontributetonetzero.WhiletheUKgovernmenthasstateditsambitionformoretreeplanting,therehasbeenlittleactionontheground."Conforisnowcallingformuchgreaterimpetusbehindthoseaspirationstoensurewehaveenoughwoodtomeetincreasingdemand."26.ItcanbeleamedfromparagraphIthattheUKneedsto[A]increaseitsdomesticwoodsupply[B]reduceitsdemandfortimber[C]loweritswoodproductioncosts[D]liftitscontrolontimberimports[A]canhardlyaddressconstructioncrisis[B]arebelievedtocomeatthewrongtime[C]seemtobemisleadingforlandowners[D]willbecostlytoputintopractice28.TheUK'sexposuretofluctuationalwoodpricesisaresultof[A]government'sinactionontimberimports[B]inadequateinvestmentingrowingwood[C]competitionoftimbertradersathome[D]woodproductsmotivetomaximiseprofits29.WhichofthefollowingcausestheshortageofwoodsupplyinUK?[A]excessivetimberconsumptioninconstruction[B]unfavorableconditionsforgrowingtrees[C]outdatedtechnologyforwoodproduction[D]farmers'unwillingnesstoplanttrees30.WhatdoesGoodallthinkUKgovemmentshoulddo?[A]Subsidisethebuildingoflow-carbonhomes.[B]Payattentiontoruraleconomy.[C]Providemoresupportfortreeplanting[D]Giveprioritytopursuenet-zerostrategy.Text3Onebigchallengeinkeepingunsafeagingdriversofftheroadisconvincingthemthatitistimetotumoverthekey.Itisacompletelife-changerwhensomeonestops—orisforcedtostop—diving,saidformerriskmanagerAnneM.Menke.TheAmericanMedicalAssociationadvisesphysiciansthatinsituationwhereclearevidenceofsubstantialdrivingimpairmentimpliesastrongthreattopatientandpublicsafety,andwherethephysician'sadvicetodiscontinuedrivingprivilegesisignored,itisdesirableandethicaltonotifytheDepartmentofMotorVehicles,Menkewrote."Somestatesrequirephysicianstoreport,othersallowbutdonotmandatereports,whileafewconsiderareportbreachofconfidentiality.Therecouldbeliabilityandpenaltiesifaphysiciandoesnotactinaccordancewithstatelawsonreportingandconfidentiality”shecounseled.Partoftheprobleminkeepingolderdriverssafeisthatthedifficultiesareaddressedpiecemealbydifferentprofessionswithdifferentfocuses,includinggerontologists,highwayadministrationofficials,automotiveengineersandothers,saidgerontologistElizabethDugan.“There'snotaNationalInstituteofOlderDriverStudies,"shesaid.“Weneedbetterevidenceonwhatmakesdriversunsafe"andwhatcanhelp,saidDuganOnethingthatdoesseemtoworkisrequiringdriverstoreportinpersonforlicenserenewal.Mandatoryin-personrenewalwasassociatedwitha31percentreductioninfatalcrashesinvolvingdrivers85orolder,accordingtoonestudy.Passingvisiontestsalsoproducedasimilardeclineinfatalcrashesforthosedrivers,althoughthereappearedtobenobenefitfromcombiningthetwo.Manyolddiversdon'tseeeyedoctorsorcan'taffordto.Primarycareprovidershavetheirhandsfullandmaynotbeabletofollowthroughwithpatientswhohavetroubledrivingbecausetheycan'ttumtheirheadsorrememberwheretheyaregoing—orhavegottenshorterandhaventchangedtheirseatsettingssufficientlytoreachcarpedalseasily,Aslongasthereareothercarsontheroads,self-drivingcarswon'tsolvetheproblemsofcrashes,saidDugan.Avoidingdangersposedbyallthosehumandiverswouldrequiretomanyalgorithms,shesaid.Butweneedtodomoretoimprovesafety,saidDugan.“Ifwe'regoingtohave100-yearlives,weneedcarsthata90-year-oldcandrivecomfortably.”31.AccordingtoParagraphl,keepingunsafeagingdriversofftheroad[A]isanewsafetymeasure[B]hasbecomeadisputedissue[C]canbeatoughtasktocomplete[D]willbebeneficialtotheirhealth32.TheAmericanmedicalassociationsadvice[A]haswonsupportfromdrivers[B]isgenerallyconsideredunrealistic[C]iswidedismissedasunnecessary[D]hasmetwithdifferentresponses33.AccordingtoDugan,effortstokeepolderdriverssafe[A]havebroughtaboutbigchanges[B]needtobewellcoordinated[C]havegainedpublicconcern[D]callforrelevantlegalsupport34.Someolderdrivershavetroubledrivingbecausetheytendto[A]stickwithbaddrivinghabits[B]haveaweakenedmemory[C]sufferfromchronicpains[D]neglectcarmaintenance35.Duganthinksthatthesolutiontotheproblemsofcrashesmayliein[A]upgradingself-drivingvehicle[B]developingsenior-friendlycars[C]renovatingtransportfacilities[D]adjustingtheagelimitfordriversText4Ifyoulookattheappsonyourphone,chancesareyouhaveatleastonerelatedtoyourhealth—andprobablyseveral.Whetheritisamentalhealthapp,afitnesstracker,aconnectedhealthdeviceorsomethingelse,manyofusaretakingadvantageofthistechnologytokeepbettertrackofourhealthinsomeshapeorfom.RecentresearchfromtheOrganizationfortheReviewofCareandHealthApplicationsfoundthat350,000healthappswereavailableonthemarket,90,000ofwhichlaunchedin2020alone.Whiletheseappshaveagreatdealtooffer,itisnotalwaysclearhowthepersonalinformationweinputiscollected,safeguardedandsharedonline.Existinghealthprivacylaw,suchastheHealthInsurancePortabilityandAccountabilityAct,isprimarilyfocusedonthewayhospitals,doctors'ofices,clinicsandinsurancecompaniesstorehealthrecordsonline.Thehealthinformationtheseappsandhealthdatatrackingwearablesarecollectingtypicallydoesnotreceivethesamelegalprotections.Withoutadditionalprotectionsinplace,companiesmayshare(andpotentiallymonetize)personalhealthinformationinawayconsumersmaynothaveauthorizedoranticipated.In2021,FloHealthfacedaFederalTradeCommission(FTC)investigation.TheFTCallegedinacomplaintthat"despiteexpressprivacyclaims,thecompanytookcontrolofusers'sensitivityfertilitydataandshareditwiththirdparties.”"FloHealthandtheFTCsettledthematterwithaConsentOrderrequiringthecompanytogetappusers'expressaffirmativeconsentbeforesharingtheirhealthinformationaswellastoinstructthethirdpartiestodeletethedatatheyhadobtained.Section5oftheFTCActempowerstheFTCtoinitiateenforcementactionagainstunfairordeceptiveacts,meaningtheFTCcanonlyactafterthefactifacompany'sprivacypracticesaremisleadingorcauseunjustifiedconsumerharm.WhiletheFTCisdoingwhatitcantoensureappsarekeepingtheirpromisestoconsumersaroundthehandlingoftheirsensitivehealthinformation,therateatwhichthesehealthappsarehittingthemarketdemonstratesjusthowimmenseofachallengethisis.Astotheprospectsforfederallegislation,commentatorssuggestthatcomprehensivefederalprivacylegislationseemsunlikelyintheshortterm.Stateshavebegunimplementingtheirownsolutionstoshoreupprotectionsforconsumer-generatedhealthdata.CalifomiahasbeenattheforefrontofstateprivacyeffortswiththeCalifomiaConsumerPrivacyActof2018.Virginia,ColoradoandUtahhavealsorecentlypassedstateconsumerdataprivacylegislation36.TheresearchfindingsarecitedinParagraph1toshow[A]theprevalenceofhealthapps[B]thepublicconcenoverhealth[C]thepopularityofsmartphonesD]theadvancementoftechnology37.Whatdosetheauthorimplyaboutexistinghealthprivacylaw?[A]Itscoverageneedstobeextended[B]Itsenforcementneedsstrengthening[C]Ithasdiscouragedmedicalmisconduct.[D]Ithasdisappointedinsurancecompanies.38.Beforesharingitsusers'healthinformation.FloHealthisrequiredto[A]seektheapprovaloftheFTC[B]findqualifiedthirdparties[C]removeirrelevantpersonaldataD]obtaintheirexplicitpermission39.WhatchallengesistheFTCcurrentlyfacedwith?[A]Thecomplexityofhealthinformation[B]Therapidincreaseinnewhealthapps[C]Thesubtledeceptivenessofhealthapps.[D]Thedifficultyinassessingconsumerharm.40.Itcanbeleamedfromthelastparagraphthathealthdataprotection[A]hasbeenembracedbyhealthappdevelopers[B]hasbeenafocusoffederalpolicy-making[C]hasencounteredoppositioninCalifomiaD]hasgainedlegislativesupportinsomestatesPartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandchoosethebestanswerfromtherightcolumntocompleunfinishedstatementspoints)alitanyofextracurricularactivitieshopingtobolstertheirchancesundergraduateinstitution.However,collegeadmissionsexpertssaythatthequalityextracurricularactivitiesmattermorethanthenumberofactivitiesSueRexford,thedirectorofcoll“No”collegewillexpectthatastudenthasahugelaundrylistofextracurricularthatthavebeenpassionatelyinvolvedineachforantendedperiodoftime,"Rexfordwroteistandoutandmakeanimpactisgoingtobemuchstifffthey'regoingtodoapopuHighschoolstudentswhindependentlyoftenimpresscolleges“Forexample,astudentwithaninterestinentrepreneurshipcoulddemonstrateskillsandpotentialbystartingaprofitablesmallbusiness.”O(jiān)liviaValdes,thefounderofJosephAdegboyega-Edun,aMarylandHighschoolguidancecextracurricularactivitiescanhelpstudents,impresscoldemonstrated,seriouscommitment.“Again,sinceoneofthebigquestionshighsmustconsideris‘Whatmakesyouunique?'hExpertssaydemonstratingtalentiadmissionsprocess,especiallyatt“Distinguishingyourselfinonefocusedtypeofextracurricularactivitycanbeapositiveintheadmissionsprocestestscoresisnotenough,"KatieKelleyadmissionscounsofficersandallowthemtovisualizehowthestudentcommunity.”beneficial,expertssuggest.“Ifyoualreadyknowyourmajorintothatmajorcanbeabigplus,"saysMayghinLevine,themanagerofeducationalopportuwithTheCabbagePatchSettlementHouse,aLouisHighschoolstudentswhohavehanextracurricularactivitymayimdirectooftheKaleidoscopeCareersAcademyinAtlanta,anonprofitorganiA.Studentswhostandoutinaspecificextracurricularactivitywillbefavoredbytop-tierinstitutions.41.SueRexfordB.Studentswhoseextracurricularactivityhasbenefitedtheircommunityarelikelytowinascholarship.42.SaraHarbersonC.Undertakingtoomanyextracurricularactivitieswillhardlybeseenasaplusbycolleges.43.KatieKelleyD.Studentwhoexhibitsactivityindoingbusinesscanimpresscolleges.44.MayghinLevine45.EricaGwynF.EngaginginuncommonactivitycandemonstrateStudents3determinationanddedication.relatedtotheirfuturestudyatcollege.SectionIIITranslationpoints)vegetablesandtemptinFarmers'marketsareusuallyweeklyormolikelytofinddifferentproduceonsaleatdifferenttithefarmerssecuremoreprofitfortheirproduce.Shoppersalsobe—andtowho—theirmoneyi及友好聊天的嘈雜聲，農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)是感官的盛宴(3分)。市場(chǎng)也提供了一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，人們可以都是同時(shí)發(fā)生的。