英語定語從句課件

PowerPointcoursewareforEnglishrelativeclauses目錄contentsThedefinitionandfunctionofrelevantclausesClassificationofrelevantclausesTheguidewordofanattributiveclauseTranslationtechniquesforrelevantclausesPracticeandAnalysisofAttributiveClause01ThedefinitionandfunctionofrelevantclausesAnattributeclauseisagraphicalstructurethatmodifiesanounorpronounbyprovidingadditionalinformationaboutit.Itusuallyfollowsthemodifiednounorpronounandisintroducedbyarelatedpronounsuchas"which,""that,""who,"or"who."Theattributeclausecanprovideinformationabouttheidentity,characteristics,orrelationshipsofthemodifiednounorpronoonItcanalsoservetorestrictthereferenceofthemodifiednounorpronoonWhatisanattributeclauseToprovideadditionalinformationArelativeclausecanprovidemoreinformationaboutapersonorthingmentionedinthemainclause,givingreadersabetterunderstandingofthesubjectTomodifynounsorpronounsArelativeclausemodifiesanounorpronounbyprovidingmorespecificinformationaboutit.Itallowswriterstoavoidrepeatingthesameinformationorusingalternativewordsinsteadoflengthydescriptions.ToclarifyrelationshipsRelativeclausescanclarifytherelationshipsbetweendifferentpeopleorthingsmentionedinthemainclause,makingthemeaningofthepresenceclearanceThefunctionofrelevantclausesRelativeclausesareintroducedbyrelevantpronounssuchas"which,""that,""who,"or"who,"whileotherclausesmaynothaveanyspecificgraphicalmarkers."Relativeclausesmodifynounsorpronouns,whileotherclausescanfunctionasthemainclauseofasentence,expressingcompletethoughtsRelativeclausesintroductioninformationthatisadditionaltothemainideaofthepresence,whileotherclausescontainthemainideaThedifferencebetweenrelativeclausesandotherclauses02ClassificationofrelevantclausesRestrictiveattributeclauseDefinition:Arestrictiveattributiveclauseprovidesnecessaryinformationtothenounitmodifiesandcannotbeomitted,asitmayaffectthecompletenessormeaningofthesentence.Features:1.Cannotbeomitted:Restrictiveattributiveclausesprovidenecessarydescriptionsorlimitationstonouns.Ifomitted,itwillaffectthemeaningofthesentence.2.Followingtheantecedent:Usuallyfollowingcloselyaftertheantecedentandmaintainingacloseconnectionwithit.Examplesentence:Thebook(that)Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting(cannotbeomitted)Nonrestrictiveattributiveclausesprovideadditionalinformationtothenountheymodify,andevenifomitted,itdoesnotaffectthecompletenessormeaningofthesentence.1.Omittable:Nonrestrictiveattributiveclausescanbeomittedwithoutaffectingthemeaningofthesentence.2.Separatedbycommas:Usuallyseparatedfromthemainsentencebycommas,indicatingalooserelationshipwiththemainsentence.Mybrother,whoisadoctor,isverybusy(Canbeomitted,separatedbycommas)DefinitionFeaturesExamplesentenceNonrestrictiveattributeclauseSpecialtypesofattributiveclausesDefinition:Specialtypesofattributiveclausesrefertosomeattributiveclauseswithspecialstructuresandusage,suchassplitsentences,emphasissentences,invertedsentences,etc.Features:1.Specialstructure:Specialtypesofattributiveclausesusuallyhavespecialgrammaticalstructures,suchasusingformalsubjects,emphasizingstructures,etc.2.Specialusage:Theseattributiveclauseshavespecialusageinexpression,suchasemphasizingacertainpart,expressingantonyms,etc.Examplesentence:Thebook(which)herecommendedmeisveryinteresting(Usingattributiveclauseswithformalsubjects)03Theguidewordofanattributiveclause

AttributiveclaimsguidedbyrelativepronounsRelativePronouns"who","who","who","who","which","that"FunctionThesepronounsareusedtointroduceanattributethatmodifiesanounExample"Thestudentwhowon'tthesizeisfromNewYork."03Example"Irememberthedaywhenwefirstmet."01RelativeAdvisors"where","when","why"02FunctionTheseadvertisementsareusedtointroduceanattributethatmodifiesanounoraclauseObjectiveclaimsguidedbyrelevantadvisorsFunctionThesewordsareusedtointroduceattributesthatmodifynounsorclausesExample"Ihaveneverseensuchabeautifulpainting."SpecialGuideWords"such","thesame","so"Attributiveclaimsguidedbyspecialguidewords04TranslationtechniquesforrelevantclausesSummaryLiteraltranslationisafaithfultranslationmethodthataimstopreservethegrammaticalstructureandexpressionoftheoriginaltextasmuchaspossible.DetaileddescriptionWhentranslatingEnglishclauses,literaltranslationusuallyfollowsthewordorderandstructureoftheoriginaltext,strivingtomaintainthesemanticsandstyleoftheoriginaltext.Thismethodemphasizesfidelitytotheoriginaltext,butsometimesmaysacrificethefluencyandreadabilityofthetranslation.LiteraltranslationmethodSummaryFreetranslationisarelativelyflexibletranslationmethodthatallowstranslatorstomakeappropriateadjustmentstotheoriginaltextbasedontheexpressionhabitsandgrammarrulesofthetargetlanguage.DetaileddescriptionWhentranslatingEnglishclauses,thefreetranslationmethodisnotlimitedtothewordorderandstructureoftheoriginaltext,butreorganizesaccordingtotheexpressionhabitsofthetargetlanguage.Thismethodemphasizesthefluencyandreadabilityofthetranslation,butmaysacrificefidelitytotheoriginaltext.FreetranslationmethodSummary:Segmentationisaspecialtranslationtechniqueusedtohandlethetranslationoflongandcomplexsentences.Detaileddescription:WhentranslatingEnglishclauses,ifencounteringlongorcomplexsentences,thesegmentationmethodcandividethelongsentenceintoseveralshortersentences,ordecomposethecomplexsentenceintosimplesentencesfortranslation.Thismethodhelpstoimprovetheclarityandreadabilityofthetranslation,butrequiresthetranslatortohavehighlanguageprocessingskillsandunderstandingoftheoriginaltext.Splitting05PracticeandAnalysisofAttributiveClauseThisexerciseisdesignedtoteststudents'understandingofrelevantclausesthroughmultiplechoicequestionsSummaryTheexerciseprovidesapresencewithamissingrelativeclauseandfourpossiblechoicesforthemissingpartStudentsarerequiredtochoosethecorrectoptionbasedontheirknowledgeofrelevantclausestructureandusageDescriptionMultipleChoiceExerciseSummaryClosetestsaresimilartomultiplechoiceexercises,buttheyprovideamoredetailedanalysisofstudentperformanceDescriptionEachclosetestcontainsaseriesofsenseswithmissingrelevantclausesStudentscompletethesensesbychoosingtheappropriaterelativeclausefromagivenlistThetestalsoincludesasectionforstudentstowritetheirownsensesusingrelevantclauses,whichallowsformorecomprehensiveassessmentoftheirunderstandingandapplicationoftheconceptCloseTestSummary:Readingcomprehensionexercisesaredesignedtoimprovestudents'abilitytounderstandandanalyzecomplexsensescontainingrelevantclausesDescription:TheseexercisesprovidestudentswithparagraphsorlongtextsthatcontainrelevantclausesStudentsarerequiredtoreadthetextandanswerquestionsthattestthei