2022高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)Module1BritishandAmericanEnglish學(xué)案必修5

Module1BritishandAmericanEnglish一、背單詞與詞塊(一)背閱讀單詞——會(huì)認(rèn)就行(背誦時(shí)遮住右側(cè)漢語(yǔ)，先自主翻譯，后比對(duì)詞義)1．linguistn． 語(yǔ)言學(xué)家2．motorwayn. (英)高速公路3．undergroundn. (英)地鐵4．subwayn. (美)地鐵5．flashlightn. (美)手電筒；火把6．queuevi. (英)排隊(duì)(等候)7．settlern. 移民；定居者8．satelliten. 衛(wèi)星(二)背重點(diǎn)單詞——寫對(duì)才行1．a(chǎn)ccentn. 口音2．switchn. 開(kāi)關(guān)3．rapidlyadv. 迅速地4．a(chǎn)ttemptn. 努力；嘗試5．distinctiveadj. 與眾不同的6．lookn. 外觀；外表；樣子7．criticisevt. 批評(píng)8．standardadj. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的(三)背拓展單詞——用準(zhǔn)才行1．obviousadj.顯然的，顯而易見(jiàn)的→obviouslyadv.顯然地2．confusevt.使困惑→confusingadj.令人困惑的；難懂的→confusedadj.感到困惑的→confusionn．困惑3．parevt.比較→parisonn．比較4．varyv．改變→varietyn．種類→variousadj.各種各樣的→variationn.變化5．remarkn．評(píng)論；講話→remarkableadj.顯著的；非凡的6．steadyadj.持續(xù)的→steadilyadv.不斷地；持續(xù)地7．a(chǎn)nnouncev．聲明；通知→announcementn．聲明；宣告8．a(chǎn)ddvt.加；增加→additionn．增加；增加物9．simpleadj.簡(jiǎn)單的→simplyadv.簡(jiǎn)單地；僅僅→simplifyvt.簡(jiǎn)化10．differvi.不同，有區(qū)別→differencen．不同；區(qū)別→differentadj.不同的，有區(qū)別的11．binev．結(jié)合；聯(lián)合→binationn．組合；結(jié)合12．referv．參考；查閱→referencen．參考；查閱13．presentvt.陳述；提出(觀點(diǎn)、計(jì)劃等)→presentationn.展示；呈現(xiàn)[語(yǔ)境活用]1．Howtoremovetheconfusioninhismindisaproblemthathasconfusedhimalot.(confuse)2．Heseldommakesremark,_butifhedoesso,hewouldmakeitremarkable.(remark)3．Oureconomyhasbeenincreasingsteadilyformanyyears,andthesteadyimprovementisduetothesolidleadershipofourparty.(steady)4．Whenaskedhowhesimplifiedallthoseplicatedprocedure,hesimplysays,“Carryon.”(simple)5．Actually,therearesomedifferencesbetweenChinesecultureandforeignculture,butthelovebetweenpeoplewillneverdifferfromcountrytocountry.(differ)6．Leavesarefoundonvarietiesoftrees,andtheyvarygreatlyinsizeandshape.(vary)(四)背高頻單詞——先“記牢”再“用活”，不背絕對(duì)不行1．confusingadj.令人困惑的；難懂的背詞條用法(1)confuseAwith/andB把A和B混淆(2)be/get/beeconfusedwith/about對(duì)……感到困惑(3)inconfusion處于混亂狀態(tài)；困惑地背寫作佳句①Thereisalotofjobinformationonline,buttoomuchofitmaysometimesbeconfusing.網(wǎng)上有很多工作信息，但太多的信息有時(shí)會(huì)讓人困惑。②Ialwaysconfuseyouwith/andyoursister—youlooksoalike.我總是把你和你妹妹搞混了，你們長(zhǎng)得太像了。③Somethingunexpectedthrowsmyparents’routineintoconfusion.一些意想不到的事情使我父母的日常生活陷入混亂。2．presentvt.陳述，表達(dá)；呈現(xiàn)，展現(xiàn)；贈(zèng)送；頒發(fā)；提交，提出(觀點(diǎn)、計(jì)劃等)adj.出席的，在場(chǎng)的；現(xiàn)在的，目前的n．禮物；贈(zèng)品；現(xiàn)在背詞條用法(1)presentsb.withsth.向某人贈(zèng)送某物presentsth.tosb.贈(zèng)送某人某物(2)bepresentat出席……(3)atpresent＝atthepresenttime目前；現(xiàn)在背寫作佳句①Iameagertoreadyouropinionaboutthebestpresentyouhavereceivedorsent.我很想聽(tīng)聽(tīng)你對(duì)你收到或送出的最好禮物的看法。②TheprizesaretobepresentedtothewinnersonJune18thfrom3pmto5pm.獎(jiǎng)品將于6月18日下午3時(shí)至5時(shí)頒發(fā)給獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?。?2018·北京高考書面表達(dá))Inordertosatisfytheircuriosity,Imadeapresentationonhowtomaketea.為了滿足他們的好奇心，我做了一個(gè)關(guān)于如何泡茶的報(bào)告。3．a(chǎn)ttemptn．努力；嘗試；企圖vt.嘗試；企圖背詞條用法(1)makeanattempttodo/atdoingsth.試圖做某事atone’s/thefirstattempt第一次嘗試、(2)attempttodo/atdoingsth.試圖做某事背寫作佳句①HeisdeterminedtopasstheoralEnglishinterviewathisfirstattempt.他決心第一次就通過(guò)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)面試。②Themanisbeingquestionedinrelationtotheattemptedmurderlastnight.那人正在就昨晚的謀殺未遂案接受訊問(wèn)。③(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))HearingyouarehostingaChinesepaintingexhibition,Iattempttoapplytobeavolunteerfortheevent.得知你們要舉辦中國(guó)畫展覽，我試圖申請(qǐng)成為這次活動(dòng)的志愿者。(五)背短語(yǔ)詞塊——表達(dá)出彩，需多積詞塊才行eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單元短語(yǔ)再認(rèn)再現(xiàn)1．have_..._in_mon 有相同的特點(diǎn)2．make_a_difference 有影響，使不相同3．get_around 四處走動(dòng)(旅行)4．be_similar_to 與……相似5．lead_to 引起；導(dǎo)致6．in_favour_of 同意；支持7．refer_to_...as_... 稱……為……8．thanks_to 多虧，幸虧eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)拓展用活1．makeadifference有影響；使不相同；起作用背相關(guān)短語(yǔ)makeaface做鬼臉makeamistake犯錯(cuò)誤makearule制定一個(gè)規(guī)則makeanapology道歉makeanappointment預(yù)約背寫作佳句①IhopeIcanmakegreatprogresseverydayhereandmakeadifferenceinthefuture.我希望我能在這里每天都取得很大的進(jìn)步，在未來(lái)有所作為。②ImadeaphonecalltoMrLitomadeanappointmentwithhimyesterday.昨天我給李先生打了個(gè)，和他預(yù)約好了。2．leadto引起；導(dǎo)致；通向背相關(guān)短語(yǔ)(1)leadsb.to＋n.帶領(lǐng)某人去/進(jìn)入……leadsb.todosth.使某人做某事(2)leada...life過(guò)著……的生活leadtheway引路，帶路背寫作佳句①ItisunbelievablethatMrLucasleadsasimplelifedespitehisgreatwealth.令人難以置信的是，盧卡斯先生雖然很富有，卻過(guò)著簡(jiǎn)樸的生活。②Asisknowntousall,successliesinhardworkwhilelazinessleadstofailure.眾所周知，成功源于勤奮，而懶惰導(dǎo)致失敗。二、背佳句與佳作(一)背寫作佳句——多“輸入”才能巧“輸出”eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材內(nèi)句式舉一反三1．Americansuseaflashlight,whilefortheBritish,it’satorch.(while用作并列連詞)美國(guó)人把手電筒稱為flashlight，而英國(guó)人叫它torch。佳句①(2019·江蘇高考書面表達(dá))LiJiangsuggeststraditionalChineseclotheswhileSuHuathinkstheschooluniformsaremoresuitable.李江建議穿中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)服裝，而蘇華認(rèn)為校服更合適。佳句②Girlsinourschoolarefondoflisteningtopopsongs,whiletheboyslikeDJmusic.我們學(xué)校的女孩喜歡聽(tīng)流行歌曲，而男孩喜歡DJ音樂(lè)。2．ALondonerhasmoredifficultyunderstandingaScotsmanfromGlasgowthanunderstandingaNewYorker.[havedifficulty(in)doingsth.意為“做某事有困難”]倫敦人要聽(tīng)懂來(lái)自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人說(shuō)話比聽(tīng)懂紐約人說(shuō)話更難。佳句①IhavegreatdifficultyinunderstandingtheEnglishnovel,letaloneenjoyingit.我很難理解這本英文小說(shuō)，更不用說(shuō)欣賞它了。佳句②Ourteacherwantstoknowwhetherwehavetroublelivinginthisnewschool.我們的老師想知道我們?cè)谶@所新學(xué)校生活是否有困難。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)同主題佳句熟讀成誦1．WearesupposedtolearnEnglishwellbecausehavingagoodmandofEnglishmeansmoreopportunitiesinthefuture.我們理應(yīng)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，因?yàn)榫ㄓ⒄Z(yǔ)意味著在將來(lái)有更多的機(jī)會(huì)。2．BylearningEnglishwecanbroadenourhorizonsandincreaseourknowledgeinvariousfields.通過(guò)學(xué)英語(yǔ)我們能夠開(kāi)闊視野，增加我們?cè)诟鱾€(gè)領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)。3．KeepingadiaryinEnglishisoneoftheeffectivewaystoimproveourEnglishwritingability.用英語(yǔ)寫日記是提高我們的英語(yǔ)寫作能力的有效途徑之一。(二)背滿分作文——好習(xí)作就靠“仿效”和“背誦”本輯學(xué)點(diǎn)——推薦信(一)[題目要求]假定你是李華，你的朋友Vincent發(fā)郵件告訴你他要和家人來(lái)中國(guó)旅行，希望你能給他推薦一些有特色的旅游景點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)你回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1．推薦的景點(diǎn)及原因；2.良好的祝愿。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。[背范文]DearVincent，Learningfromyourlastemailthatyou’llpayavisittoChinawithyourfamily,I’mmorethandelightedtoremendalistoftouristattractionstoyouindetail.Astheoldsayinggoes,“OnewhofailstoreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.”Asoneoftheworldwonders,theGreatWallisregardedasthesymbolofChina,whichyoucan’taffordtomiss.Additionally,withahistoryofhundredsofyears,theSummerPalacereflectstypicalancientChinesearchitecturalartandwisdom.VisitingitbyyourselfisboundtogreatlyIsincerelyhopethatmyremendationcanbeofsomehelptoyou.MayyouallhaveagoodtimeduringyourstayinChina!Iftherestillexistfurtherquestions,pleasecontactmewithouthesitation.Yours，LiHua[學(xué)亮點(diǎn)]1．學(xué)謀篇布局2．學(xué)亮麗開(kāi)頭開(kāi)頭首先用Learningfromyourlastemailthat表明了寫信的背景，然后引出“推薦旅游景點(diǎn)”這一寫信目的。表述自然流暢，用morethandelighted更是體現(xiàn)推薦的心情之熱烈。3．學(xué)高級(jí)表達(dá)(1)使用高級(jí)詞匯和語(yǔ)塊，如：alistoftouristattractions,thesymbolof,withahistoryof,reflect,beboundto,promote,beofsomehelp等。(2)熟練使用高級(jí)句式，如：現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)Learningfromyourlastemailthatyou’llpay...；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句Astheoldsayinggoes和whichyoucan’taffordtomiss；動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)Visitingitbyyourself；條件狀語(yǔ)從句Iftherestillexistfurtherquestions等。(3)恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用了諺語(yǔ)，如：OnewhofailstoreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.這為文章增添了亮點(diǎn)，提升了文章的檔次。4．學(xué)精彩結(jié)尾結(jié)尾先用Isincerelyhopethat...表達(dá)希望自己的推薦能使對(duì)方滿意。接著用感嘆句Mayyouallhaveagoodtime...！表達(dá)了祝愿。最后用一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)了愿意幫助對(duì)方的心情?？傊捕螐淖掷镄虚g，讓對(duì)方能深刻感受到真摯與熱情。5．防微點(diǎn)失分考生容易把“Asoneoftheworldwonders...”中的wonders誤用成wonder，或容易忽略主謂一致把“Iftherestillexistfurtherquestions...”中的exist錯(cuò)用成exists，從而導(dǎo)致失分。學(xué)案(一)重點(diǎn)單詞的查漏補(bǔ)缺——打牢必備知識(shí)[全面練——練清易錯(cuò)微點(diǎn)]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Dowehavetolowerourexpectationandourstandard(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))ofliving?2．Asamatteroffact,hecan’thidehisheight,norhisRussianaccent(口音，腔調(diào))．3．Eveninthesameorsimilar(相似的)cultures,therecanbesignificantmisunderstandings.4．AlthoughIwasboilinginside,inpublicIdefendedthenewstructure(機(jī)構(gòu))．5.Agriculturehasdevelopedrapidly(迅速地),thusprovidinglightindustrywithamplerawmaterials.Ⅱ.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境寫出加藍(lán)部分的漢語(yǔ)意思1．Forastandardlaboratory,avariationof±0.5Fmaybeunacceptable. 變化2．He’sthemanager’ssonbutthatdoesn’tqualifyhimtocriticisemywork. 批評(píng)，指責(zé)3．(熟詞生義)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissister. 和……換班4．(熟詞生義)ThePresidentagreed,addingthathehopedforpeacefulsolution.補(bǔ)充說(shuō)5．(熟詞生義)(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA. 提交6．(熟詞生義)Thebookwillbeeastandardusefulreferenceoneverymanager’sbookshelf. 受歡迎的Ⅲ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．You’reobviously(obvious)worriedaboutsomething,whynotgetitoffyourchest?2.Inmanypartsoftheworldnowadays,thefarmlaborforceisrunningdownsteadily(steady)．3．Thegovernment’sannouncement(announce)isseenasamovetowardssettlingthestrike.4.Itisbelievedthatthejewelryshopprovidesgold,silverandjewelryatfavorable(favor)prices.5．Therearevarioustoys,andvaryinprices.(vary)6．Hemadesimpleremarksonherremarkableachievements.(remark)名師點(diǎn)撥“一站清”(1)“迅速地”集合：rapidly,quickly，fast，swiftly，suddenly，atfullspeed(飛速)。(2)“穩(wěn)定地”拓展：steadily,stably,solidly。(3)“偏愛(ài)(favor)”用法：可用作名詞：贊同，偏袒，喜愛(ài)；也可用作動(dòng)詞：偏袒，較喜歡。拓展的形容詞有：favorable(有利的，贊成的，討人喜歡的)；favourite(特別喜愛(ài)的)，后者無(wú)最高級(jí)形式。[重點(diǎn)練——深化高頻考點(diǎn)]1．confusing[明其義]adj.令人困惑的；難懂的[通其用](1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Iwouldoftengetconfused(confuse)whenIcameacrossnewwordswithasimilarspelling.②Therewasaconfusedlookonhisfacewhenhemetwithaconfusingproblem.(confuse)③Toavoidconfusion(confuse),pleasewritethechildren’snamesclearlyonalltheirschoolclothes.(2)補(bǔ)全句子④(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))LearningthatyouareabouttopayavisittoaChinesefriendandconfused_about_the_Chinese_customs,_Iamwritingtoputforwardsomeadvice.得知你即將拜訪一位中國(guó)朋友，并對(duì)中國(guó)的風(fēng)俗感到困惑，我寫信是想提出一些建議。[解其困]v．-ing形式的形容詞意為“令人……的”；v.-ed形式的形容詞表示“人”所處的狀態(tài)，意為“感到……的”。另外，修飾face,look,expression,voice等時(shí)，常用v.-ed形式的形容詞。2．present[明其義]vt.陳述，表達(dá)；呈現(xiàn)，展現(xiàn)；贈(zèng)送；頒發(fā)；提交，提出(觀點(diǎn)、計(jì)劃等)adj.出席的，在場(chǎng)的；現(xiàn)在的，目前的n．禮物；贈(zèng)品；現(xiàn)在[通其用](1)寫出下列各句中present的詞性和含義①(2020·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ寫作)AndIhopethatallofyouwillbepresentthereontime.adj.到場(chǎng)的②Personally,Ithinkthebestpresentisnotnecessarilythemostexpensiveone.n. 禮物③Giftsarepresentedtoeveryonewhoesintothestoretobuyourgoods.vt. 贈(zèng)送④Classicworks,writtenbymasters,presentgreatthoughtsthroughfascinatingstoriesandlanguage.vt. 表達(dá)⑤Andthosewholookonlytothepastorthepresentarecertaintomissthefuture.n. 現(xiàn)在(2)單句語(yǔ)法填空/補(bǔ)全句子⑥Todowhatyoushoulddoatpresentisthekeytosuccess.⑦Howyoureadthe_present_situationisessentialwhendesignthesolutions.在設(shè)計(jì)解決方案時(shí)，如何看待當(dāng)前的形勢(shì)至關(guān)重要。[解其困]present用作形容詞，表示“出席的，在場(chǎng)的”時(shí)，通常作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)；表示“現(xiàn)在的，目前的”時(shí)，常用作前置定語(yǔ)。3．a(chǎn)ttempt[明其義]n．努力；嘗試；企圖vt.嘗試；企圖[通其用](1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Theboysmadeanattempttoleaveforcampingbutwerestoppedbytheirparents.②Foryearsresearchershaveattemptedto_show(show)thattelevisionisdangeroustochildren.③Hedeniesattempting(attempt)tomurderhiswifebutit’snouse.(2)補(bǔ)全句子④Don’texpecttopassthedrivingtestat_your/the_first_attempt.Afterall,you’vebeenlearningtodriveforonlyacoupleofdays.不要期望第一次嘗試就通過(guò)駕駛測(cè)試，畢竟，你學(xué)開(kāi)車只學(xué)了幾天。[解其困]attempt/trytodosth.“試用/努力做某事”；managetodosth.“設(shè)法做成某事”；succeedindoingsth.“成功地做某事”。學(xué)案(二)詞塊、句式的活學(xué)活用——強(qiáng)化關(guān)鍵能力[詞塊的驗(yàn)收盤點(diǎn)]Ⅰ.詞塊點(diǎn)點(diǎn)練——選詞填空have...inmon，makeadifference，getaround，besimilarto，leadto，infavourof，referto...as...，thanksto，stepbystep，makeanattemptto1.Ifyouwanttoobtainknowledge,youmustlearnstep_by_step.2．OurEnglishteachercantellushowwecanmake_a_differencerightnowatclass.3．Pleaseehereearlierandseewhatyouandthescientisthave_in_mon.4．Hewantstobeadmittedbythepanywhichhasmade_an_attempt_tobreakintotheAmericanmarket.5．Itwasanabsurdarrangement,andboundtolead_tocatastrophe.6.IstillconstantlyrecalltheexperiencewhenIstoppedthecarveryquicklythanks_tothegoodbrakes.7.Ifyouwanttomakeitausefultrip,get_aroundandmakesomefriends.8．Whenthehousewasbuilt,thosewhohavesometemptinanyway,likedtorefer_toitasa“perfect.”9．Thereisneedofastrongpublicopinionin_favour_oflibertyitself.10．Letussupposeanotherplanetwithconditionsthatare_similar_tothoseontheearth.名師點(diǎn)撥“一站清”(1)stepbystep“逐步地”。關(guān)于step的其他短語(yǔ)：stepby“走過(guò)”；stepin“介入，干預(yù)”；takesteps“采取措施”；stepout“走出去”；stepback“后退”。(2)thanksto“多虧了，由于”，與此意思相近的短語(yǔ)還有：onaccountof,becauseof,resultfrom,owingto,dueto等。(3)getaround“到處走走，傳開(kāi)”，其中，get可作系動(dòng)詞。其他既可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，還可作系動(dòng)詞的詞還有：appear“出現(xiàn)/顯得”；go“去/變得”；prove“證明/證明是，結(jié)果是”；grow“成長(zhǎng)/變得”；e“來(lái)/變得”；run“跑/運(yùn)行”；fall“降落/進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)，開(kāi)始變成”。Ⅱ.易錯(cuò)對(duì)對(duì)碰——辨析比較leadtoVSbringaboutVSresultinVScausedby比較①Itisfoundoutthatoneinsevenaccidentsis_caused_bysleepydrivers.②Smokingwillbring_aboutlotsofbadresultswhichmaycausecancer.③Thereisahighwaybehindmyvillage,whichcanlead_toPekingintheend.④Suchawarcouldresult_intheuseofchemicalandbiologicalweapons.辨清leadto“通往，導(dǎo)致”；bringabout“引起，帶來(lái)”；resultin“導(dǎo)致”；causedby“被……造成”。[句式的驗(yàn)收盤點(diǎn)]havedifficulty(in)doingsth.意為“做某事有困難”[通其用]補(bǔ)全句子①Theyhaddifficultyinworking_out_the_difficult_math_problems.他們?cè)诮膺@些數(shù)學(xué)難題時(shí)遇到了困難。②Ihavesometroublein_reading_her_handwriting.我認(rèn)出她的筆跡有些困難。③Wehadnotrouble(in)_finding_his_house.我們沒(méi)費(fèi)力就找到了他的家。④Mariahas_much_trouble_understanding_math,_sosheoftenaskshermathteacherforhelp.瑪麗亞很難理解數(shù)學(xué)，所以她經(jīng)常請(qǐng)求數(shù)學(xué)老師幫助。[解其困]用法規(guī)則(1)difficulty前可用great,much,some,any,no,little等詞修飾。(2)havedifficulty/trouble/problems/ahardtimewithsth.“在某事上有難處”。(3)Thereisnodifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth./withsth.“做某事/在某事上沒(méi)有困難”。注意事項(xiàng)(1)在考查句型havedifficulty(in)doingsth.時(shí)，difficulty往往提前作為主句中的先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)成為havedoing形式。(2)在havedifficulty(in)doingsth.中的difficulty是不可數(shù)名詞。學(xué)案(三)高考語(yǔ)篇的價(jià)值發(fā)掘——提升學(xué)科素養(yǎng)2018全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·閱讀理解C篇——對(duì)接課標(biāo)主題：語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的規(guī)律、方法等（一）精讀真題——拓展語(yǔ)言能力(語(yǔ)篇中藍(lán)體詞匯為主題詞匯，請(qǐng)注意積累并揣摩其用法)[1]Languageshavebeeningandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlessingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulated①byhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.eq\o(Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10，000yearsago，whentheworldhadjust,\s\do4(1))fivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.[2]Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobeefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettled②andfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalpulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettermunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchas③English,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover④.[3]Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.⑤[4]Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.［析微點(diǎn)·厚積語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)］①微積累——重難點(diǎn)詞匯populatev． 居住于；生活于bepopulatedby... 聚居；棲息通句式——句子(1)中that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞10,000yearsago。②微積累——熟詞生義：settledadj.穩(wěn)定的；不太可能變動(dòng)的 (熟義)adj.習(xí)慣的 (生義)③微技法——根據(jù)舉例法猜測(cè)詞義：dominant可利用下文中的提示詞suchas猜測(cè)詞義。常見(jiàn)的表示舉例的提示詞有：suchas,forexample,forinstance等。④微積累——take短語(yǔ)小結(jié)：takeover 接管；占支配地位的；占優(yōu)勢(shì)的takeup 拿起；開(kāi)始從事；占用takedown 寫下；記下takein 吸收；欺騙；領(lǐng)會(huì)takeoff 脫掉；起飛；成功takeon 雇用；呈現(xiàn)；承擔(dān)⑤微技法——根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)解題：根據(jù)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，可知目前世界上有一半的語(yǔ)言的使用人數(shù)少于6000，也就是說(shuō)有大約3400種語(yǔ)言的使用人數(shù)少于6000。[理脈絡(luò)——內(nèi)化讀文規(guī)律]

（二）解析真題——感悟素養(yǎng)立意[考什么·怎么考——真題再做]28．Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A．Theydevelopedveryfast.B．Theywerelargeinnumber.C．Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D．Theywerecloselyconnected.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，一些語(yǔ)言專家認(rèn)為，一萬(wàn)年前，當(dāng)世界上只有500萬(wàn)到1000萬(wàn)人時(shí)，他們之間可能說(shuō)12000種語(yǔ)言。由此可推斷，狩獵時(shí)代的語(yǔ)言種類很多。29．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A．plex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.解析：選C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句可知，人類社會(huì)發(fā)展的很多因素導(dǎo)致許多語(yǔ)言消失，而英語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)、漢語(yǔ)等語(yǔ)言逐漸占主導(dǎo)地位，故選C項(xiàng)powerful(強(qiáng)大的，有影響力的)。30．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A．About6,800. B．About3,400.C．About2,400. D．About1,200.解析：選B數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.”可知，目前世界上有大約6800種語(yǔ)言；再根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，目前世界上一半的語(yǔ)言的使用人數(shù)少于6000，也就是說(shuō)有大約3400種語(yǔ)言的使用人數(shù)少于6000。31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.解析：選C主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句和第二段可知，隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，尤其是工業(yè)化、全球化以來(lái)，很多語(yǔ)言已經(jīng)消失，即人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展使得世界上語(yǔ)言的種類越來(lái)越少。故選C。[為什么考·有何價(jià)值——導(dǎo)向解讀]一、發(fā)展思維品質(zhì)文中第31題主要考查學(xué)生的概括性思維。文章通過(guò)引用數(shù)字和舉例子的方法來(lái)說(shuō)明隨著工業(yè)化和全球化的發(fā)展，世界上的語(yǔ)言的種類越來(lái)越少。本題的答案單獨(dú)從某一段中是得不出來(lái)的，需要對(duì)文章整體理解，對(duì)各段段意歸納總結(jié)，然后概括才能得出正確答案，這需要考生具有較強(qiáng)的概括歸納能力。二、聚焦核心價(jià)值本文主要說(shuō)明了隨著人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展，語(yǔ)言的使用也在發(fā)生變化，特別是由于人類生活方式的變化而導(dǎo)致了世界上語(yǔ)言種類的減少。文章旨在讓人們意識(shí)到隨著全球化時(shí)代的到來(lái)，原本世界上豐富多彩的語(yǔ)言有加速消失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。語(yǔ)言既是一種交流工具，又是一個(gè)民族的符號(hào)和身份的象征。語(yǔ)言的多樣性是文化多樣性的重要組成部分。文章啟發(fā)我們要對(duì)當(dāng)今世界上的各種語(yǔ)言和文化保持客觀、開(kāi)放和包容的態(tài)度。作為中華民族的一員，人人有責(zé)任保護(hù)、發(fā)展和使用好我們自己的語(yǔ)言。這也是時(shí)代賦予我們的使命。（三）借力真題——發(fā)掘?qū)W習(xí)能力Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Beforeallthis，theislandwaspopulatedbynativeAmericanArawaks.2．Itisuniversally(universal)knownthatweChinesearehard-workingandbrave.3．Speechisthefastestmethodofmunication_(municate)betweenpeople.4．Whowillinchargeofthedistribution(distribute)offoodandclothingtothefloodvictims?5．Ifhecouldn’tfindhiswayoutofforest,therewouldbelittlechanceofsurvival(survive)．Ⅱ.補(bǔ)全句子1．With_the_development_of_technology(隨著科技的發(fā)展),ourlifeisbeingmoreandmoreconvenient.2．ThemanagerdecidedthatIwastheidealpersontotake_over(接管)thejob.3．Itisagreathonourformetobeinvitedtomake_a_speech(做演講)here.Ⅲ.分析長(zhǎng)難句Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelynewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.[句式解構(gòu)]本句是含有一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句。主句的主語(yǔ)是Thegeneralrule,is是系動(dòng)詞。其中that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句；在表語(yǔ)從句中，while用作并列連詞，表示前后對(duì)比。[句意翻譯]一般的規(guī)律是，溫帶的語(yǔ)言種類相對(duì)較少，且通常有許多人使用，而炎熱、潮濕的區(qū)域則有很多種語(yǔ)言，通常有少量的人使用。Ⅳ.主題語(yǔ)境寫作假定你是李華，你的外國(guó)朋友Tim來(lái)信說(shuō)他對(duì)中文特別感興趣，想學(xué)習(xí)中文，希望你能給他提出一些建議。請(qǐng)給Tim寫一封回信。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考范文：DearTim，IamverygladtohearthatyouareinterestedinChineseandeagertolearnit.It’smypleasuretoofferyousomesuggestionsonit.Firstofall,learningChinesetakestimesoyoushouldspendasmuchtimeasyoucan.What’smore，itisveryimportanttouseChinesewheneveryoucan.ThemoreyouuseChinese,thebetteryouwilllearnit.Lastbutnotleast,you’dbetterwatchChinesefilmsandreadChinesenewspapers.Ihopeyouwillfindthesesuggestionshelpful.Yours，LiHua課下主題訓(xùn)練語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的規(guī)律、方法等Ⅰ.閱讀理解ATeachingEnglishisthebestwaytogetpaidtotraveltheworld.Flexible(靈活的)hours,paidholidays,andpaidacmodationsarejustsomeofthereasonswhyteachingEnglishisfitforthosewhowanttotakeagapyearabroad.FlexibleHours!Teacherscanchoosetheirhoursinmanyteachingabroadprograms,soifyouwanttospendadaywalkinginthecity,takingacookingclass,readingabook,learninganewlanguage,orsimplyrestingunderatree,teachingEnglishgivesyouthatflexibilitytoletyourselfexperiencethenewculture.TelluswhatyouwoulddoforfuninanothercountryandgetafreeTeachingEnglishtoYoungLearnerscoursewhenyoutaketheadvanced120-hourTESOLcourse!PaidHolidays!Ourpaidteachingabroadprogramsincludepaidholidays,soyoucantakeafewweekstotravelanywhereintheworld.SaveMoneytoTravel!TESOLincludesacmodations.Manyalsoprovideteacherswithtransportationandhealthinsurance(保險(xiǎn))．Whenyouhaveallyourlivingcostspaidfor,youcanuseeverydollarthatyouearnwhenteachingEnglishabroadtohavefunandtravel!Whatareyouwaitingfor？GoAbroad!TESOLoffersfreejobplacementtocertificated(有執(zhí)業(yè)資格的)teachers.Youdon’tevenneedadegreeinEducationorateachinglicensetoteachEnglishabroad.ATESOLcertificationisyourkeytoleavingyour9-to-5jobandgettingpaidtotraveltheworld.TheTESOLcoursewillgiveyouallthetrainingthatyouneedtoteachEnglish.Itonlytakes120hoursofTESOLtrainingtogetqualifiedtoteachabroadandyoucanpletethecoursein4weeks!語(yǔ)篇解讀：去國(guó)外教英語(yǔ)是帶薪環(huán)游世界的最好的方法：它可以提供靈活的時(shí)間、帶薪假期、免費(fèi)食宿。參加TESOL課程，拿一份證書，你就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)愿望了。1．WhenyouteachEnglishabroad,you________.A．don’thavetopayforyourtravelsB．cantravelatyourownconvenienceC．a(chǎn)reabletolearnsomelocallanguagesD．havetopayforhealthinsurancebyyourself解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，在教授英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中，可以有靈活的時(shí)間前往各地旅游。2．WhatcanyougetifyouattendtheTESOLcourse?A．Freetransportation. B．Freesafetyinsurance.C．AdegreeinEducation. D．Ateachinglicense.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Manyalsoprovideteacherswithtransportation”可知，很多TESOL課程還為老師提供交通費(fèi)用，故選A項(xiàng)。3．Whichsectionofanewspaperisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Nature. B．Business.C．Advertisement. D．Sports.解析：選C文章出處題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文介紹了在國(guó)外教英語(yǔ)的好處，而參加TESOL課程能夠取得在國(guó)外教學(xué)的資格，因此文章最可能是推廣TESOL課程的廣告。BBettySchrampferAzarisaworld-famousexpertonteachingEnglishgrammar.Herearesomeofheropinions.Whydostudentsneedtolearngrammar？Whenteachersaredecidingwhichgrammarpointstoteach,theyshouldfirstasktwoquestions.First,willunderstandingthepointhelpstudentsbeunderstoodandwillithelpthemunderstandbetter？Next,willlearningthegrammarpointhelpstudentsbeacceptableasEnglishspeakers?Peopleusuallythinkthatgrammarisallaboutmemorizingrules.Infact,grammarisnotjustlearningrules.Itisawaytohelpstudentsalongthewaytomunication.Teachersshouldknowthatstudentsdonotalllearninthesameway.Eachmayhaveadifferentlearningstylewhenitestolearninggrammar.Somemayseeapatternandunderstandtherule.Othersneedexplanationsandmorepractice.“Buttoteachgrammarassubjectmatterandtestitasthoughyouweretestingthememorizationofdatesinhistoryissuretoboreeverybodyandnottoreachthegoalsthatyouaretryingtoreach—successfulmunicationexperiences，”shesays.Whydosometeachershateteachinggrammar？Manyteachersarenotfortableteachinggrammarbecausetheydonotknowhowtoanswertheirstudents’questions.“MostnativespeakersofEnglishdon’tlearnitinschool，”shesays.“Ifyoudon’tknowanygrammarofyourownlanguageandthenyouareaskedtoteachit,it’spossiblethatyourstudentsmayknowmoregrammarthanyouandyoucan’tanswertheirquestions.”Canteachinggrammarreallybefun？Teachersshouldlearntomaketheteachingofgrammarfun.Shesays，“MystudentsenjoylearninggrammarasmuchasIenjoyteachingit.Ithinkgrammarisfascinating.Itholdslanguagetogether.Itisreallybeautifulwhenyougettoknowit.Grammarisquitearemarkable(非凡的)thing.”語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了語(yǔ)法專家BettySchrampferAzar對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法和老師教語(yǔ)法的一些看法。4．Whatshouldteachersdobeforeteachinggrammarpoints?A．Knowthespecificgoalofteachinggrammar.B．Developagoodteachingstyle.C．Findoutstudents’learningneeds.D．Letstudentsmemorizesomerules.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的“theyshouldfirstasktwoquestions...”可知，老師首先應(yīng)該問(wèn)自己兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，明確教語(yǔ)法的目標(biāo)。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph3referto?A．Memorizingrules. B．Grammar.C．Learningrules. D．Practice.解析：選B代詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段中的“grammarisallaboutmemorizingrules.Infact,grammarisnotjustlearningrules”可知，這里闡述的是學(xué)語(yǔ)法的問(wèn)題，因此選B。6．WhatcanwelearnaboutgrammaraccordingtoBettySchrampferAzar?A．Grammarshouldbetaughtasasubject.B．Nativespeakersdon’tneedtolearngrammar.C．Differentstudentslearngrammarindifferentways.D．It’susefultomemorizeruleswhenstudentslearngrammar.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Teachersshouldknowthatstudentsdonotalllearninthesameway.Eachmayhaveadifferentlearningstylewhenitestolearninggrammar.”可知，不同的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法的方法不盡相同。7．WhatdoesBettySchrampferAzarthinkofgrammar?A．Boring. B．Beautiful.C．Hardtoteach. D．Easytolearn.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“...Ienjoyteachingit.Ithinkgrammarisfascinating.Itholdslanguagetogether.Itisreallybeautiful”可知，BettySchrampferAzar認(rèn)為語(yǔ)法是美麗的。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Every