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專題4-1三角函數(shù)中的高頻小題歸類目錄TOC\o"1-1"\h\u專題4-1三角函數(shù)中的高頻小題歸類 1 1題型一:與扇形有關(guān)的數(shù)學(xué)文化 1題型二:同角三角函數(shù) 8題型三:三角函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,奇偶性,周期性,對(duì)稱性問題 12題型四:根據(jù)三角函數(shù)圖象求解析式 20題型五:拼湊角問題 31題型六:三角函數(shù)中的值域問題 35題型七:三角函數(shù)中SKIPIF1<0問題 41題型八:三角函數(shù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用 47 57一、單選題 57二、多選題 63三、填空題 68題型一:與扇形有關(guān)的數(shù)學(xué)文化【典例分析】例題1.(2022·廣東廣東·一模)數(shù)學(xué)中處處存在著美,機(jī)械學(xué)家萊洛發(fā)現(xiàn)的萊洛三角形就給人以對(duì)稱的美感.萊洛三角形的畫法:先畫等邊三角形ABC,再分別以點(diǎn)A、B、C為圓心,線段AB長(zhǎng)為半徑畫圓弧,便得到萊洛三角(如圖所示).若萊洛三角形的周長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,則其面積是______.例題2.(2022·廣東·鐵一中學(xué)高三期末)某中學(xué)開設(shè)了剪紙藝術(shù)社團(tuán),該社團(tuán)學(xué)生在慶中秋剪紙活動(dòng)中剪出了三個(gè)互相外切的圓,其半徑分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0(單位:SKIPIF1<0),則三個(gè)圓之間空隙部分的面積為______SKIPIF1<0.【提分秘籍】扇形中的弧長(zhǎng)公式和面積公式弧長(zhǎng)公式:SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0是圓心角的弧度數(shù)),扇形面積公式:SKIPIF1<0.【變式演練】1.(2022·江西·南昌市第八中學(xué)高三階段練習(xí)(理))王之渙《登鸛雀樓》:白日依山盡,黃河入海流.欲窮千里目,更上一層樓?詩(shī)句不僅刻畫了祖國(guó)的壯麗河山,而且揭示了“只有站得高,才能看得遠(yuǎn)”的哲理,因此成為千古名句,我們從數(shù)學(xué)角度來(lái)思考:欲窮千里目,需上幾層樓?把地球看作球體,地球半徑SKIPIF1<0,如圖,設(shè)O為地球球心,人的初始位置為點(diǎn)M,點(diǎn)N是人登高后的位置(人的高度忽略不計(jì)),按每層樓高SKIPIF1<0計(jì)算,“欲窮千里目”即弧SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng)度為SKIPIF1<0,則需要登上樓的層數(shù)約為(
)(參考數(shù)據(jù):SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0)A.1 B.20 C.600 D.60002.(2022·四川·成都市錦江區(qū)嘉祥外國(guó)語(yǔ)高級(jí)中學(xué)有限責(zé)任公司模擬預(yù)測(cè)(文))中國(guó)古代數(shù)學(xué)的瑰寶《九章第術(shù)》中記載了一種稱為“曲池”的幾何體,該幾何體為上、下底面均為扇環(huán)形的柱體(扇環(huán)是指圓環(huán)被扇形截得的部分).現(xiàn)有一個(gè)如下圖所示的“曲池”,其高為3,SKIPIF1<0底面,底面扇環(huán)所對(duì)的圓心角為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0長(zhǎng)度為SKIPIF1<0長(zhǎng)度的3倍,且線段SKIPIF1<0,則該“曲池”的體積為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<03.(2022·陜西·虢鎮(zhèn)中學(xué)高二階段練習(xí))月牙泉,古稱沙井,俗名藥泉,自漢朝起即為“敦煌八景”之一,得名“月泉曉澈”,因其形酷似一彎新月而得名,如圖所示,月牙泉邊緣都是圓弧,兩段圓弧可以看成是SKIPIF1<0的外接圓和以SKIPIF1<0為直徑的圓的一部分,若SKIPIF1<0,南北距離SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng)大約SKIPIF1<0m,則該月牙泉的面積約為(
)(參考數(shù)據(jù):SKIPIF1<0)A.572m2 B.1448m2 C.SKIPIF1<0m2 D.2028m24.(2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))魯洛克斯三角形是指分別以正三角形的頂點(diǎn)為圓心,以其邊長(zhǎng)為半徑作圓弧,由這三段圓弧組成的曲邊三角形,如圖①.魯洛克斯三角形的特點(diǎn)是:在任何方向上都有相同的寬度,即能在距離等于其圓弧半徑SKIPIF1<0(等于正三角形的邊長(zhǎng))的兩條平行線間自由轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),并且始終保持與兩直線都接觸.由于這個(gè)性質(zhì),機(jī)械加工中把鉆頭的橫截面做成魯洛克斯三角形的形狀,就能在零件上鉆出圓角正方形(視為正方形)的孔來(lái).圖②是魯洛克斯三角形鉆頭(陰影部分)與它鉆出的圓角正方形孔洞的橫截面,現(xiàn)有一個(gè)質(zhì)點(diǎn)飛向圓角正方形孔洞,則其恰好被鉆頭遮擋住,沒有穿過孔洞的概率為_________.題型二:同角三角函數(shù)【典例分析】例題1.(2022·江蘇無(wú)錫·高三期中)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0例題2.(2022·河南·駐馬店市第二高級(jí)中學(xué)高三階段練習(xí)(理))若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0______.例題3.(2022·江蘇·南京市第一中學(xué)高一階段練習(xí))(1)已知SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的值;(2)已知SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的值.【提分秘籍】同角三角函數(shù)的基本關(guān)系1、平方關(guān)系:SKIPIF1<02、商數(shù)關(guān)系:SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0)關(guān)系式的常用等價(jià)變形1、SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<02、SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0【變式演練】1.(2022·四川省綿陽(yáng)南山中學(xué)高三階段練習(xí)(理))已知SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<02.(2022·福建省龍巖第一中學(xué)高三階段練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<03.(2022·湖南·郴州一中高三階段練習(xí))若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0________.4.(2022·湖北·丹江口市第一中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè))已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0_______.題型三:三角函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,奇偶性,周期性,對(duì)稱性問題【典例分析】例題1.(多選)(2022·重慶市永川中學(xué)校高一階段練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,則(
)A.由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的整數(shù)倍B.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù)C.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上為減函數(shù)D.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上有19個(gè)零點(diǎn)例題2.(多選)(2022·浙江·三門縣觀瀾中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè))設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,已知SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有且僅有4個(gè)零點(diǎn).則下列說(shuō)法正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0必有有2個(gè)極大值點(diǎn) B.SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0有且僅有2個(gè)極小值點(diǎn)C.SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增 D.SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0例題3.(2022·全國(guó)·清華附中朝陽(yáng)學(xué)校模擬預(yù)測(cè))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位后為偶函數(shù),其中SKIPIF1<0.則SKIPIF1<0的值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【提分秘籍】函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0圖象定義域定義域SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0值域SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0周期性SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0奇偶性奇函數(shù)偶函數(shù)單調(diào)性在每一個(gè)閉區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)上都單調(diào)遞增;在每一個(gè)閉區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0上都單調(diào)遞減在每一個(gè)閉區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)上都單調(diào)遞增;在每一個(gè)閉區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)上都單調(diào)遞減最值當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0;圖象的對(duì)稱性對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0),對(duì)稱軸為直線SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0),對(duì)稱軸為直線SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)【變式演練】1.(2022·全國(guó)·高一課時(shí)練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則“SKIPIF1<0+2kπ,k∈Z”是“SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù)”的(
)A.充分不必要條件 B.必要不充分條件C.充要條件 D.既不充分也不必要條件2.(2022·河南·南陽(yáng)中學(xué)高一階段練習(xí))下列函數(shù)中,在SKIPIF1<0上遞增,且周期為SKIPIF1<0的偶函數(shù)是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<03.(多選)(2022·江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江第一中學(xué)高三階段練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則下列各選項(xiàng)正確的是(
)A.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱B.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱C.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減D.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上恰有4個(gè)極值點(diǎn)4.(多選)(2022·遼寧·沈陽(yáng)市第四十中學(xué)高一階段練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,判斷下列給出的四個(gè)命題,其中正確的命題有(
)A.對(duì)任意的SKIPIF1<0,都有SKIPIF1<0B.將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位,可以得到偶函數(shù)C.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上是減函數(shù)D.“函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0取得最大值”的一個(gè)充分條件是“SKIPIF1<0”5.(多選)(2022·黑龍江·雞西市英橋高級(jí)中學(xué)高三期中)已知SKIPIF1<0,則下列說(shuō)法正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0的周期是SKIPIF1<0 B.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱C.向左平移SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱 D.SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增題型四:根據(jù)三角函數(shù)圖象求解析式【典例分析】例題1.(2022·上海市行知中學(xué)高一期末)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(其中SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0)的圖像如圖所示,為了得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象,則只要將SKIPIF1<0的圖象(
)A.向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度 B.向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度C.向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度 D.向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度例題2.(2022·全國(guó)·安陽(yáng)市第二中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)(理))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0)的部分圖象如圖所示,其中SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象上所有點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)擴(kuò)大到原來(lái)的2倍(縱坐標(biāo)不變),再向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度,得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間為(
).A.SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0) B.SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)C.SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0) D.SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)例題3.(2022·山東日照·高一期末)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0部分圖像如圖所示,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像可由SKIPIF1<0的圖像向左平移___________個(gè)單位得到.例題4.(2022·廣西·柳州市第三中學(xué)高二階段練習(xí)(文))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的部分圖象如圖所示,將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度,得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,則SKIPIF1<0__________.【提分秘籍】必備公式輔助角公式SKIPIF1<0,(其中SKIPIF1<0);求SKIPIF1<0解析式SKIPIF1<0求法方法一:代數(shù)法SKIPIF1<0方法二:讀圖法SKIPIF1<0表示平衡位置;SKIPIF1<0表示振幅SKIPIF1<0求法方法一:圖中讀出周期SKIPIF1<0,利用SKIPIF1<0求解;方法二:若無(wú)法讀出周期,使用特殊點(diǎn)代入解析式但需注意根據(jù)具體題意取舍答案.SKIPIF1<0求法方法一:將最高(低)點(diǎn)代入SKIPIF1<0求解;方法二:若無(wú)最高(低)點(diǎn),可使用其他特殊點(diǎn)代入SKIPIF1<0求解;但需注意根據(jù)具體題意取舍答案.【變式演練】1.(2022·全國(guó)·高三階段練習(xí)(理))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的部分圖象如圖所示,則下列說(shuō)法正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù)B.SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度后得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象C.SKIPIF1<0圖象的對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0D.SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最小值為SKIPIF1<02.(2022·四川·石室中學(xué)高三期中(文))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的部分圖象如圖所示,則下列說(shuō)法正確的是(
)A.直線SKIPIF1<0是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象的一條對(duì)稱軸B.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象的對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0C.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增D.將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度后,可得到一個(gè)偶函數(shù)的圖象3.(2022·貴州·凱里一中高二期中)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(其中SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0)的部分圖象如圖所示,將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖象上所有點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)伸長(zhǎng)到原來(lái)的6倍后,再向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位,得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的解析式為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<04.(2022·上海市浦東中學(xué)高一期末)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)的部分圖象如圖所示,若將SKIPIF1<0圖象上的所有點(diǎn)向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0__.7.(2022·河北·模擬預(yù)測(cè)(理))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的部分圖象如圖所示,將SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象,若不等式SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,上恒成立,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是__.題型五:拼湊角問題【典例分析】例題1.(2022·遼寧撫順·高三期中)若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0例題2.(2022·黑龍江·哈爾濱三中模擬預(yù)測(cè))已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0例題2.(2022·安徽·高三階段練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0為銳角,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0例題3.(2022·福建·泉州五中高三期中)已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【提分秘籍】通過將已知角和未知角進(jìn)行“SKIPIF1<0”,或者“SKIPIF1<0”拼湊出特殊角,常用的有:SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0等【變式演練】1.(2022·四川·成都金蘋果錦城第一中學(xué)高三期中(文))已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<02.(2022·重慶·高三階段練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值等于(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<03.(2022·黑龍江·佳木斯一中高三期中)已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<04.(2022·陜西·咸陽(yáng)市高新一中高二期中(理))若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0題型六:三角函數(shù)中的值域問題【典例分析】例題1.(2022·甘肅·高臺(tái)縣第一中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)(文))函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最小值是(
).A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0例題2.(2022·全國(guó)·模擬預(yù)測(cè)(文))函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最小值是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0例題3.(2022·四川·閬中中學(xué)高三階段練習(xí)(文))函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值域?yàn)開__________.例題4.(2022·全國(guó)·高一課時(shí)練習(xí))函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的值域是______.例題5.(2022·湖南省臨澧縣第一中學(xué)高三階段練習(xí))函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最大值為______.【提分秘籍】三角函數(shù)值域問題,注意自變量SKIPIF1<0的范圍,常涉及到換元法,可化為二次函數(shù)型等?!咀兪窖菥殹?.(2022·四川省成都市新都一中高三階段練習(xí)(文))若SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值域?yàn)椋?/p>
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<02.(2022·貴州·鎮(zhèn)遠(yuǎn)縣文德民族中學(xué)校高三階段練習(xí)(文))若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最大值是SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.2 B.1 C.0 D.SKIPIF1<03.(2022·北京·北大附中高三階段練習(xí))若關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的方程SKIPIF1<0有解,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<04.(2022·北京師大附中高三階段練習(xí))函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是(
)A.奇函數(shù),且最大值為SKIPIF1<0 B.偶函數(shù),且最小值為SKIPIF1<0C.奇函數(shù),且最小值為SKIPIF1<0 D.偶函數(shù),且最大值為SKIPIF1<05.(2022·遼寧實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高一期中)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最大值為______.6.(2022·全國(guó)·高一課時(shí)練習(xí))函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的值域是_____________.題型七:三角函數(shù)中SKIPIF1<0問題【典例分析】例題1.(2022·四川·成都金蘋果錦城第一中學(xué)高三期中(理))把函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位,再將得到的曲線上所有點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)變?yōu)樵瓉?lái)的SKIPIF1<0倍,縱坐標(biāo)不變,得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象.若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上恰有3個(gè)零點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0例題2.(2022·四川南充·高三期中(文))將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位,得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像,若SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上為增函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0例題3.(2022·全國(guó)·高一專題練習(xí))若將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度后,與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象重合,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.2 D.4【提分秘籍】求SKIPIF1<0題型多為難題,規(guī)律不明顯,大多數(shù)時(shí)候,是代入點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo),利用一些已知點(diǎn)(最高點(diǎn)、最低點(diǎn)或“零點(diǎn)”)坐標(biāo)代入解析式,或者利用單調(diào)區(qū)間,再結(jié)合圖形解出SKIPIF1<0值或者范圍?!咀兪窖菥殹?.(2022·湖北·高三階段練習(xí))將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象上所有的點(diǎn),橫坐標(biāo)擴(kuò)大為原來(lái)的2倍縱坐標(biāo)保持不變得SKIPIF1<0的圖象,若SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<02.(2022·河南安陽(yáng)·高三階段練習(xí)(文))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度后得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0圖象的連續(xù)相鄰的三個(gè)交點(diǎn),若SKIPIF1<0是銳角三角形,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<03.(2022·河北省曲陽(yáng)縣第一高級(jí)中學(xué)高二階段練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0圖象上每一點(diǎn)橫坐標(biāo)伸長(zhǎng)到原來(lái)的2倍,得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象,SKIPIF1<0的部分圖象如圖所示,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0等于(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<04.(2022·遼寧·大連市一0三中學(xué)高一期中)將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位,得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,則SKIPIF1<0的值可能為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.3 D.4題型八:三角函數(shù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用【典例分析】例題1.(2022·廣東廣州·高三期中)水車在古代是進(jìn)行灌溉引水的工具,是人類一項(xiàng)古老的發(fā)明,也是人類利用自然和改造自然的象征.如圖是一個(gè)半徑為SKIPIF1<0的水車,一個(gè)水斗從點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0出發(fā),沿圓周按逆時(shí)針方向勻速旋轉(zhuǎn),且旋轉(zhuǎn)一周用時(shí)8秒.經(jīng)過SKIPIF1<0秒后,水斗旋轉(zhuǎn)到SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn),設(shè)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0,其縱坐標(biāo)滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的表達(dá)式為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0例題2.(2022·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))某地區(qū)的一種特色水果上市時(shí)間11個(gè)月中,預(yù)測(cè)上市初期和后期會(huì)因供不應(yīng)求使價(jià)格呈連續(xù)上漲態(tài)勢(shì),而中期又將出現(xiàn)供大于求使價(jià)格連續(xù)下跌,現(xiàn)有三種價(jià)格模擬函數(shù):①SKIPIF1<0;②SKIPIF1<0;③SKIPIF1<0(以上三式中SKIPIF1<0均為常數(shù).)(1)為準(zhǔn)確研究其價(jià)格走勢(shì),應(yīng)選哪種價(jià)格模擬函數(shù),為什么?(2)若SKIPIF1<0,求出所選函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的解析式(注:函數(shù)的定義域是SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0表示1月份,SKIPIF1<0表示2月份,??,以此類推),為保證果農(nóng)的收益,打算在價(jià)格在5元以下期間積極拓寬外銷渠道,請(qǐng)你預(yù)測(cè)該水果在哪幾個(gè)月份要采用外銷策略?例題3.(2022·黑龍江·哈爾濱市第一二二中學(xué)校三模(理))海水受日月的引力,在一定的時(shí)候發(fā)生漲落的現(xiàn)象潮汐.一般地,早潮叫潮,晚潮叫汐.通常情況下,船在漲潮時(shí)駛進(jìn)航道,靠近碼頭:卸貨后,在落潮時(shí)返回海洋.下表是某港口某天的時(shí)刻與水深關(guān)系的預(yù)報(bào),我們想選用一個(gè)函數(shù)來(lái)近似描述這一天港口的水深SKIPIF1<0與時(shí)間SKIPIF1<0之間的關(guān)系,該函數(shù)的表達(dá)式為__________________________.已知一條貨船的吃水深度(船底與水面的距離)為4米,安全條例規(guī)定至少要有2.25米的安全間隙(船底與洋底的距離),則該船可以在此港口停留卸貨的時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)為_____________小時(shí)(保留整數(shù)).時(shí)刻水深m時(shí)刻水深m時(shí)刻水深m0:005.09:182.518:365.03:067.512:245.021:422.56:125.015:307.524:004.0【提分秘籍】利用三角函數(shù)模型解決實(shí)際問題的一般步驟第一步:閱讀理解,審清題意.讀題要做到逐字逐句,讀懂題中的文字,理解題目所反映的實(shí)際背景,在此基礎(chǔ)上分析出已知什么、求什么,從中提煉出相應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)問題.第二步:收集、整理數(shù)據(jù),建立數(shù)學(xué)模型.根據(jù)收集到的數(shù)據(jù)找出變化規(guī)律,運(yùn)用已掌握的三角函數(shù)知識(shí)、物理知識(shí)及相關(guān)知識(shí)建立關(guān)系式,將實(shí)際問題轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)與三角函數(shù)有關(guān)的數(shù)學(xué)問題,即建立三角函數(shù)模型,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)際問題的數(shù)學(xué)化.第三步:利用所學(xué)的三角函數(shù)知識(shí)對(duì)得到的三角函數(shù)模型予以解答.第四步:將所得結(jié)論轉(zhuǎn)譯成實(shí)際問題的答案.【變式演練】1.(2022·湖北·高三階段練習(xí))一個(gè)大風(fēng)車的半徑為8m,勻速旋轉(zhuǎn)的速度是每12min旋轉(zhuǎn)一周.它的最低點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0離地面2m,風(fēng)車翼片的一個(gè)端點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0從SKIPIF1<0開始按逆時(shí)針方向旋轉(zhuǎn),點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0離地面距離SKIPIF1<0與時(shí)間SKIPIF1<0之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系式是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<02.(2022·北京密云·高三期中)石景山游樂園“夢(mèng)想之星”摩天輪采用國(guó)內(nèi)首創(chuàng)的橫梁中軸結(jié)構(gòu),風(fēng)格現(xiàn)代簡(jiǎn)約.“夢(mèng)想之星”摩天輪直徑SKIPIF1<0米,總高約SKIPIF1<0米,勻速旋轉(zhuǎn)一周時(shí)間為SKIPIF1<0分鐘,配有SKIPIF1<0個(gè)球形全透視SKIPIF1<0度全景座艙.如果不考慮座艙高度等其它因素,該摩天輪的示意圖如圖所示,游客從離地面最近的位置進(jìn)入座艙,旋轉(zhuǎn)一周后出艙.甲乙兩名同學(xué)通過即時(shí)交流工具發(fā)現(xiàn),他們兩人進(jìn)入各自座艙的時(shí)間相差SKIPIF1<0分鐘.這兩名同學(xué)在摩天輪上游玩的過程中,他們所在的高度之和的最大值約為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0米 B.SKIPIF1<0米 C.SKIPIF1<0米 D.SKIPIF1<0米3.(2022·江蘇無(wú)錫·高三期中)摩天輪是一種大型轉(zhuǎn)輪狀的機(jī)械建筑設(shè)施,游客坐在摩天輪的座艙里慢慢地往上轉(zhuǎn),可以從高處俯瞰四周景色如圖,某摩天輪最高點(diǎn)距離地面高度為100m,轉(zhuǎn)盤直徑為90m,均勻設(shè)置了依次標(biāo)號(hào)為1~48號(hào)的48個(gè)座艙.開啟后摩天輪按照逆時(shí)針方向勻速旋轉(zhuǎn),游客在座艙轉(zhuǎn)到距離地面最近的位置進(jìn)艙,開始轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)tmin后距離地面的高度為Hm,轉(zhuǎn)一周需要30min.(1)求在轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)一周的過程中,H關(guān)于t的函數(shù)解析式;(2)若甲、乙兩人分別坐在1號(hào)和9號(hào)座艙里,在運(yùn)行一周的過程中,求兩人距離地面的高度差h(單位:m)關(guān)于t的函數(shù)解析式,并求高度差的最大值.4.(2022·河南·溫縣第一高級(jí)中學(xué)高二階段練習(xí))某實(shí)驗(yàn)室一天的溫度(單位:℃)隨時(shí)間t(單位:h)的變化近似滿足函數(shù)關(guān)系:SKIPIF1<0.(1)求實(shí)驗(yàn)室這一天上午8時(shí)的溫度;(2)求實(shí)驗(yàn)室這一天的最大溫差.一、單選題1.(2022·江蘇常州·高三階段練習(xí))函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖所示,則以下結(jié)論不正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0C.在SKIPIF1<0上的零點(diǎn)之和為SKIPIF1<0D.最大值點(diǎn)到相鄰的最小值點(diǎn)的距離為SKIPIF1<02.(2022·江蘇·南京師大附中高三階段練習(xí))若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0恰好存在兩個(gè)零點(diǎn)和兩個(gè)極值點(diǎn),則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<03.(2022·江蘇南通·高三階段練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,滿足SKIPIF1<0,若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上有且只有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0的范圍為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<04.(2022·甘肅·高臺(tái)縣第一中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)(文))已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
).A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<05.(2022·江蘇·蘇州中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的值域是SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<06.(2022·四川省岳池中學(xué)高三階段練習(xí)(理))SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<07.(2022·安徽·高三階段練習(xí))函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有SKIPIF1<0個(gè)零點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<08.(2022·全國(guó)·模擬預(yù)測(cè))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度后得到SKIPIF1<0的導(dǎo)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.3 C.1 D.SKIPIF1<0二、多選題9.(2022·廣西·高二階段練習(xí))關(guān)于函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,下列說(shuō)法正確的是(
)A.一個(gè)對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0B.對(duì)稱軸為SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0
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